Comparison of brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular diastolic function determined by tissue Doppler in patients with diabetes mellitus, patients with hypertension without diabetes, and in healthy subjects

In this study, it was found that increased plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with diabetes may be related to left ventricular (LV) diastolic relaxation, independent of LV mass and atherosclerosis (using common carotid intima-media thickness as a surrogate index). A "package of care" of glycemic control and cardiovascular risk management was not associated with reduction in BNP levels.     

Comparison of left ventricular dyssynchrony by two-dimensional speckle tracking versus tissue Doppler imaging in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular systolic function

Assessment of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony after myocardial infarction has prognostic value. There were no reference ranges for 2-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking synchrony, and it was unclear whether color tissue Doppler imaging and 2D speckle tracking synchrony indexes were comparable. One hundred twenty-two healthy volunteers and 40 patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) had LV systolic and diastolic synchrony, defined as the SD of time to peak systolic (2D-SDTs) and early diastolic (2D-SDTe) velocities in the 12 basal and mid segments using 2D speckle tracking, respectively. Mean 2D-SDTs and 2D-SDTe were 29.4 +/- 16.1 and 14.2 +/- 6.1 ms in healthy subjects, respectively. Gender and mean 2D systolic velocity independently predicted 2D-SDTs, and mean 2D early diastolic velocity independently predicted 2D-SDTe. Bland-Altman analysis showed suboptimal agreement between 2D speckle tracking and tissue Doppler imaging dyssynchrony indexes. 2D speckle tracking showed lower coefficients of variation for time to peak systolic and early diastolic velocities than tissue Doppler imaging. There were no significant differences in coefficients of variation for 2D speckle tracking systolic and diastolic synchrony for high versus low frame rates. Patients with NSTEMI had significantly lower ejection fraction, but higher LV mass and wall stress than healthy subjects. Only 2D-SDTs was significantly higher in patients with NSTEMI compared with healthy subjects (37.1 +/- 22.5 vs 29.4 +/- 16.1 ms; p = 0.02). In conclusion, 2D-SDTs was gender specific and influenced by global systolic function, and 2D-SDTe was influenced by global diastolic function. 2D speckle tracking and tissue Doppler imaging dyssynchrony indexes were not comparable. 2D speckle tracking may be a more sensitive discriminator of LV systolic dyssynchrony than tissue Doppler imaging.     

脉冲组织多普勒成像技术检测糖尿病患者左室舒张功能

目的应用脉冲组织多普勒成像技术(PWDTI)检测糖尿病(DM)组和健康对照组左室舒张功能,并与传统二尖瓣血流频谱E/A比较。方法用PWDTI在心尖左室长轴水平二尖瓣环后壁处测量舒张期E峰速度(Ve)、A峰速度(Va),计算Ve/Va比值;在同一切面用彩色多普勒血流显像技术(CDFI)测量二尖瓣口舒张期血流频谱E峰、A峰值,计算E/A比值,并计算E/Ve比值。DM组根据尿蛋白阴性或阳性分为两亚组,并根据糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)浓度≤或>7%分为两亚组。结果DM组和健康对照组Ve/Va比值[(0.87±0.37)、(1.21±0.4)]以及E/Ve比值[(9.24±4.47)、(6.03±1.72)]差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DM组尿蛋白阴性、阳性亚组的E/Ve比值分别为(7.36±2.46)、(10.5±2.49),DM组HbA1c≤7%和>7%亚组E/A比值分别为(0.64±0.24)、(1.32±0.22),两亚组比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PWDTI观测DM左室舒张功能较传统二尖瓣口血流频谱E/A具有明显的优越性,两者结合起来能更好地反映左室舒张功能。     

脉冲组织多普勒显像评价原发性高血压患者右室舒张功能

目的:应用脉冲组织多普勒显像(TDI)评价原发性高血压(EH)患者的右室舒张功能。方法:53例Ⅰ~Ⅱ级EH患者(EH组)及50例健康志愿者(对照组)于三尖瓣环与二尖瓣环行脉冲TDI检查,测量舒张早期峰值运动速度(e)、舒张晚期峰值速度(a),计算e/a。对比2组右室舒张功能参数,分析右室舒张功能参数与其他因素的相关关系。结果:EH患者三尖瓣环e明显减低,e/a明显下降,右室等容舒张时间延长,右室舒张功能参数与左室舒张功能参数呈紧密正相关。结论:轻、中度EH患者存在右室舒张功能障碍,两侧心室充盈参数之间相关性良好。脉冲TDI用于评价EH患者右室舒张功能是可行的。     

Assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by tissue Doppler analysis in patients with hypertension with or without hyperuricemia

OBJECTIVE: Hyperuricemia (HU) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The independence of this association from other confounding factors has remained controversial. The possible contributory effect of HU to myocardial impairment produced by hypertension (HT), however, has not been clarified yet. The study was designed to assess the left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in patients with HT with or without HU. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was used for detailed analysis as this method was superior to other conventional echocardiographic techniques. METHODS: The study participants consisted of 27 patients (men 56%, mean age+/-SD; 55+/-10 years) with HT without HU, and 27 patients with HT with HU (men 62%, mean age+/-SD; 56+/-9 years), and 27 age-matched healthy control participants (men 57%, mean age+/-SD; 53+/-11 years). Cardiac functions were determined using echocardiography, comprising standard two-dimensional and conventional Doppler and TDI. Peak systolic myocardial velocity at mitral annulus (Sm), mitral inflow velocities and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em), late diastolic mitral annular velocity (Am), peak systolic mitral annular velocity, Em/Am, and myocardial performance index were calculated by TDI. RESULTS: Mitral inflow velocities and tissue Doppler-derived mitral annular diastolic velocities were significantly different in the patient groups (HT without HU and HT with HU) compared with the control cases. Tissue Doppler-derived myocardial performance index (LV-MPI) was significantly impaired in the patient groups compared with those of the control's (0.48+/-0.09, 0.53+/-0.07, and 0.39+/-0.07, respectively, P<0.001). Significant differences were also observed between the patients who had HT without HU and the patients who had HT with HU regarding LV-MPI. Significant correlations were observed between the serum uric acid levels and LV function parameters.     

脑钠肽与超声心动图评价老年糖尿病并存高血压患者左心室舒张功能的研究

目的 探讨老年糖尿病并存高血压患者左心室功能的变化与脑钠肽(BNP)水平的关系. 方法 128例2型糖尿病患者按是否并存高血压分组,其中不伴高血压组63例,伴高血压组65例,对照组为62例健康查体者.测定各组BNP浓度.常规超声测定左心室结构指标,计算左心室质量指数(LVMI),脉冲多普勒测量二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度(E)、舒张晚期血流速度(A),计算E/A值.定量组织多普勒技术(QTVI)测量左心室壁二尖瓣环6个位点(侧壁和后间隔、前壁和下壁、前间隔和后壁)处的舒张早期峰值运动速度(Em)和舒张晚期峰值运动速度(Am).计算6个位点平均Em、Am(MEm、MAm)和E/MEm比值. 结果 糖尿病不伴高血压组、伴高血压组LVMI[分别为(91.6±17.3)g/m2、(116.7±20.5)g/m2]、E/MEm(10.3±1.8和12.5±1.4)及BNP浓度[(47.7±29.4)ng/L、(105.7±32.5)ng/L]较对照组[分别为(78.7±19.5)g/m2、8.9±1.6、(20.8±11.63)ng/L]升高,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为11.54、13.83和9.75,P均＜0.05);不伴高血压组、伴高血压组MEm[《6.7±1.0)cm/s、(5.4±0.9)cm/s]较对照组[(5.4±0.9)cm/s]降低,差异有统计学意义(F=11.26,P＜0.05).糖尿病患者BNP浓度与E/A、MEm值呈负相关(r值分别为-0.42、-0.51,均P＜0.01),与LVMI和E/MEm值呈正相关(r值分别为0.48、0.58,均P＜0.01). 结论 糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能降低,并存高血压患者左心室舒张功能障碍更为严重.联合血浆BNP浓度和超声指标有助于准确评估老年糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能.     

组织多普勒超声评价冠状动脉狭窄患者左心室舒张功能

目的探讨组织多普勒超声评价冠状动脉不同狭窄程度对左心室舒张功能的影响。方法在我院行冠状动脉造影检查的患者219例,根据造影结果分为3组,冠状动脉病变严重组(至少1支血管狭窄≥70%,A组),冠状动脉病变轻微组(血管狭窄70%,B组)和冠状动脉造影检查正常组(C组)。应用超声测量冠心病患者二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值(E)与组织多普勒成像二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值(Em)的比值(E/Em)。结果 A组的E/Em较B、C组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),B组与C组比较,E/Em差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论E/Em可检测出冠状动脉高度狭窄引起的左心室功能障碍。     

Comparison of quantity of left ventricular scarring and remodeling by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus and with coronary artery disease

Diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are more likely to develop heart failure (HF) than nondiabetic patients, but the mechanism responsible is unclear. Evidence suggests that infarct size and accompanying remodeling may not explain this difference. We used cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to compare degree of left ventricular (LV) myocardial scar and remodeling in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with CAD. We evaluated 85 patients (39 diabetic, 46 nondiabetic) who underwent coronary angiography showing obstructive CAD and CMR imaging within 6 months of each other. Myocardial scar was measured by late gadolinium enhancement on CMR imaging and was graded according to spatial and transmural extents on a semiquantitative scale. More diabetic than nondiabetic patients had HF (69% vs 43%, p <0.03); however, groups did not differ in total scar burden (0.94 ± 0.60 vs 1.17 ± 0.74, p = NS), spatial extent of scar, or extent of transmural scar. Diabetes remained an independent predictor of HF after adjustment for CAD and other variables. LV ejection fraction (36 ± 12% vs 37 ± 14%, p = NS) and end-diastolic volume (215 ± 56 vs 217 ± 76 ml, p = NS) were similar for diabetic and nondiabetic patients, respectively. In conclusion, although diabetic patients with CAD had a higher prevalence of HF than nondiabetic patients, there was no difference in myocardial scar, LV volume, or LV ejection fraction. These findings support the theory that mechanisms other than extent of myocardial injury and negative remodeling play a significant role in the development of HF in diabetic patients with CAD.     

Assessment of left ventricular systolic function by tissue Doppler imaging in controlled versus uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients

Aim

To detect and quantify early subtle left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction using Tissue Doppler Imaging in type 2 diabetic patients with apparently normal LV ejection fraction.

应用多普勒组织成像评价冠心病患者左心室舒张功能

目的 :探讨应用多普勒组织成像 （DTI）检测二尖瓣环运动速度评估冠心病左室舒张功能的临床应用价值。方法 :应用 DTI技术 ,对 5 3例冠心病患者和 48例正常对照者二尖瓣环运动速度进行测定 ,并与常规多普勒超声心动图检查结果对照分析。结果 :与正常组相比 ,冠心病患者舒张早期 DTI速度峰值 （Ve）显著减低 （P<0 .0 1） ,舒张早期与舒张晚期 DTI速度峰值的比值 （Ve/ Va）显著减低 （P<0 .0 5 ）。冠心病患者 Ve/ Va比值异常检出率显著高于二尖瓣血流 E/ A比值的异常检出率 （P<0 .0 5 ）。 Ve/ Va比值与 E/ A比值之间存在高度相关性 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :DTI技术检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度参数可用于无创评价冠心病左室舒张功能 ,尤其对鉴别伪正常具有一定应用价值。     

组织多普勒评价原发性高血压不同左心室构型患者右心室舒张功能

目的:应用多普勒组织成像(DTI)技术检测原发性高血压(EH)不同左心室构型患者三尖瓣环脉冲组织多普勒(PW-DTI)频谱,评价其右心室舒张功能.方法:EH患者80例,按照Ganau分类方法,以左心室质量指数(LVMI)和相对室壁厚度(RWT)分为:正常左心室构型组(EH1组),向心性重构组(EH2组),向心性肥厚组(EH 3组)及离心性肥厚组(EH 4组);另入选20例健康体检者作为正常对照组.取标准心尖四腔切面,用PW-DTI技术测量各组的三尖瓣瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(E),舒张晚期峰值速度(A)及E/A值.结果:与正常对照组比较:EH1、2、3、4组E峰逐渐减低,A峰逐渐增高,E/A比值逐渐减低(P<0.05);EH各组间比较:平均E峰逐渐减低且随左心室构型改变呈下降趋势(P<0.05);平均A峰逐渐增高且随左心室构型改变呈上升趋势(P<0.05).结论:①EH患者早期左心室构型正常时已存在右心室舒张功能减低;②EH患者的右心室舒张功能在不同左心室构型中根据恶化程度呈下降趋势;③DTI技术可用于评价EH患者右心室舒张功能.     

多普勒组织成像与脉冲多普勒方法对比评价高血压患者舒张功能

目的应用脉冲多普勒组织成像测量二尖瓣环平均舒张速度,以鉴别高血压患者舒张功能假性正常。方法在健康者(正常组200例)与高血压患者(高血压组47例)中,应用脉冲多普勒技术分别测量二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值速度(E)、舒张晚期峰值速度(A),肺静脉收缩波(S)、舒张波(D)及心房收缩波(Ar)。应用脉冲多普勒组织成像测量二尖瓣环各点舒张早期峰值速率(Ea)、舒张晚期峰值速率(Aa)。结果正常组与对照组患者二尖瓣E、A、E/A差异无显著性意义,肺静脉S、S/D、Ar差异有显著性意义,二尖瓣环平均Ea间差异有显著性意义,Aa间差异无显著性意义。结论二尖瓣环舒张早期速率可用于鉴别高血压舒张功能假性正常。     

Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in adolescents with diabetes mellitus

Doppler echocardiograms of the mitral valve were recorded along with electrocardiograms and respirations from 20 diabetics and 16 normal subjects, all aged 10 to 15 years. E and A areas (the components of the total velocity-time integral in the early passive period of ventricular filling [E] and the late active period of atrial emptying [A], respectively), the peak E and A velocities (cm/s) and the 1/3 area fraction (or the proportion of filling in the first 1/3 of diastole) were measured. Each of the following was significantly greater for the normal subjects versus diabetic patients: peak E (96 +/- 14 vs 81 +/- 14 cm/s, p less than 0.005), E/total area (0.74 +/- 0.04 vs 0.69 +/- 0.06, p less than 0.005) and peak E/A velocity ratio (2.38 +/- 0.55 vs 1.92 +/- 0.55, p less than 0.05). The mean heart rates and ages were not significantly different for the 2 groups. The remaining parameters (peak A velocity, A/total area, E/A area, and 1/3 area fraction) were also not significantly different for the 2 groups. This study is the first to demonstrate diastolic dysfunction in pediatric patients with diabetes and may indicate abnormalities of ventricular relaxation or compliance in diabetes mellitus.     

Tissue Doppler imaging provides incremental prognostic value in patients with systemic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) mitral annular velocities measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in hypertensive patients with echocardiographic evidence of LV hypertrophy. BACKGROUND: Echo LV hypertrophy and LV geometry provide additional predictive value of all-cause mortality beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Limited data exist regarding the predictive value of TDI velocities for cardiovascular risk stratification in treated hypertensive patients. METHODS: Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiograms were obtained in 252 consecutive subjects, including 174 subjects with systemic hypertension and 78 age-matched normal subjects. The end point was cardiac death in subsequent median follow-up of 19 months. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (7.54%) died of cardiac causes. The TDI mitral annulus systolic velocity and the early diastolic mitral annular velocity (Em) were significantly lower in the non-survivors (all P < 0.001). The pseudonormal (PN) or restrictive filling pattern (RFP) was associated with cardiac mortality. The other parameters associated with cardiac mortality were LV ejection fraction, LV mass index, inter-ventricular septal wall thickness in diastole and the ratio of early mitral inflow to early myocardial velocity. In multivariate analysis, Em, inter-ventricular septal wall thickness in diastole and either PN or RFP were the strongest predictors. The addition of Em < 3.5 cm/s significantly improved the outcome of a model that contained clinical risk factors, inter-ventricular septal wall thickness in diastole > 1.4 cm and either PN or RFP (P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Early diastolic mitral annulus velocity measured by TDI provides prognostic information, incremental to clinical data and standard echocardiographic variables, for risk stratification of hypertensive patients under treatment.     

应变率成像评价2型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能

目的:探讨应变率成像技术早期诊断2型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能异常的临床价值。方法:2型糖尿病患者和正常对照者各25例,获取心尖四腔、心尖两腔、心尖左室长轴观心肌应变率曲线,测量左室各节段舒张早期和舒张晚期纵向峰值应变率,并计算基底段、中间段、心尖段舒张早期平均峰值应变率(SRe)和舒张晚期平均峰值应变率(SRa)及SRe/SRa比值。结果:与对照组比较,2型糖尿病患者SRe和SRe/SRa减低,各节段差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,0.01),SRa差异无统计学意义。结论:应变率成像技术能够早期评价2型糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的异常,并为临床提供一定的信息。     

组织多普勒成像对慢性肺动脉高压患者右心室功能的评价

目的 探讨组织多普勒成像技术评价慢性肺动脉高压患者右心室功能及与肺动脉收缩压的关系.方法 对2006年10月至2007年3月在复旦大学华山医院心内科就诊的35例慢性肺动脉高压和35名正常人进行组织多普勒超声心动图检查,从心尖四腔观获得右室侧壁三尖瓣环的运动速度频谱图,测量收缩期S波峰速度(Sm),舒张早期负向E波峰速度(Em),舒张晚期负向A波峰速度(Am),等容收缩时间(IVCT)和等容舒张时间(IVRT).结果 肺动脉高压组Sm、Em和Em/Am均低于对照组,肺动脉高压组Am、IVRT均高于对照组,差异均有显著性意义.IVRT和肺动脉收缩压(PASP)存在显著的正相关(r=0.78,P＜0.01),IVRT≥60 ms诊断肺动脉高压的敏感度和特异度分别为83%和86%.结论 慢性肺动脉高压导致右心收缩及舒张功能减退,当连续多普勒不能估测肺动脉收缩压时,组织多普勒可作为肺动脉收缩压估测的新方法.     

心脏局部收缩功能增龄变化的组织多普勒超声研究

目的探讨心脏局部收缩功能随年龄增加的超声多普勒组织成像变化规律.方法按年龄将112例正常人分为4组低龄组(年龄≤18岁)、青年组(＞18～≤40岁)、中年组(＞40～≤60岁)、老年组(＞60岁).应用定量组织多普勒成像技术观察各组左心室各节段心肌收缩期峰值速度(Vs),同时应用QTVI软件定量分析心肌功能,利用组织追踪获取左室24个节段纵向最大运动幅度,得到组织追踪室壁运动(TT)计分,并分析不同年龄组心肌局部运动的特点及年龄、体质指数(BMI)、心率、ST段时值(STd)、性别等因素对其的影响.结果①同一室壁各节段心肌Vs显著不同(P＜0.01),由二尖瓣环水平、基底段、中部到远端Vs逐渐减低.②不同室壁心肌Vs不同(P＜0.01),侧壁、后壁、前壁、下壁较高,前后间隔最低.③各节段心肌Vs与性别无关,与年龄、STd、BMI、心率相关,其中与年龄的相关性最好.④TT计分随年龄增长而减低,TT亦能反映左室整体收缩功能.结论左心室各节段心肌Vs呈规律性的变化,年龄为影响各节段心肌Vs的主要因素,而其余参数如STd、BMI、心率显示出对某些室壁节段Vs有一定相关性;TT亦能反映左室整体收缩功能.