Effects of transforming growth factor β-1 infected human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on high- and low-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

This study investigates the effects of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) on migration and proliferation ability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high- and low-metastatic potential.

Methods

The hMSC and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ-1) gene infected hMSC were co-cultured with hepatoma cells. The ability of cells migration was assessed by Transwell assay. The ability of cells proliferation was detected using CCK-8 assay. The mice were engrafted with hMSC and TGFβ-1 gene infected hMSC, respectively, after hepatoma cells inoculation 15 days, twice a week for 6 weeks successively. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. TGFβ-1, osteopontin (OPN), and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) genes expression of hepatoma cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) before and after co-cultured experiments.

Results

TGFβ-1 infected hMSC or hMSC co-culture with hepatoma cells groups can significantly promote hepatoma cells proliferation (P < 0.05). The migration numbers of hepatoma cells with TGFβ-1 infected hMSC co-culture groups were significantly reduced compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The tumors weight inhibition rates of MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L animal models were the highest in the third week by hMSC engraftment. But the highest tumor inhibition rate of MHCC97-H animal models was observed in the fourth week and MHCC97-L animal models in the fifth week after TGFβ-1 infected hMSC engraftment. OPN gene relative quantitative expression of hepatoma cells was significantly down-regulated after co-cultured with hMSC and TGFβ-1 gene infected hMSC groups (P < 0.05). TGFβ-1 gene relative quantitative expression of MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L cells was significantly up-regulated after co-cultured with TGFβ-1 gene infected hMSC groups (P < 0.05). PDCD4 expression had no statistical differences among groups.

Conclusions

hMSC and TGFβ-1 gene infected hMSC can promote hepatoma cells proliferation and inhibit hepatoma cells migration. hMSC and TGFβ-1 gene infected hMSC exhibit anti-tumor activity in a time-dependent manner. TGFβ-1 cytokine may be the main factor in HCC proliferation. OPN makes a significant contribution to the changes of hepatoma cells metastasis.     

Effect of gamma irradiation on nuclear factor—kappa B in cultured bone marrow stromal cells

Objective: To explore the effect of gamma irradiation on nuclear factor-kappa B in cultured bone marrow stromal cells. Methods: Immunocytochemistry, Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used. Results: The expression of NF-kB in cultured mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BM-SCs) on the level of protein was elevated after exposure to 60Co in the dosage of 8. 0 Gy with the use of im-munocytochemistry and Western blot. The activity of nuclear factor-kappa B in cultured BMSCs was significantly increased after exposure to gamma irradiation by using EMSA. The activity peak was at the 4th h after irradiation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in the BMSCs after irradiation may be involved in the protection of BMSCs against apoptosis and in the recovery of hematopoiesis after radiation.     

The effect of endogenous transforming growth factor β_1 on the growth of bladder cancer cells in vitro

Objective To investigate the influence of endogenous transforming growth factor β1(TGFβ1) on the cell cycle regulation and proliferation of bladder cancer. Methods A constructed replication defective retroviral vector pRevTβ-AS, which carried antisense RNA of TGFβ1.was transfected to a bladder cancer cell line EJ. The proliferation and clone-formation of transferred cells were observed in vitro,and the alteration of cell cycle was also detected by flow cytometric analysis. Results TGFβ1 antisense RNA was transferred into EJ cell and expressed efficiently. After the inhibition of target gene expression in EJ cells, the reduced growth and clone-formation rates were demonstrated, and the proliferative indexes were decreased by 12 % . The ratios of GO and G1 stage cells to June 2003 Vol12 No2 the antisense RNA-transfected EJ cells were increased, simultaneously,the ratio of S stage cells to the antisense RNA-transfected EJ cells ratios were decreased, compared with the control group. Conclusion The pro     

Experimental study on the induction of bone marrow stromal cells differentiating into cardiomyocyte-like cells with cardiomyocytes in vitro

Objective：To investigate the feasibility of bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） differenti ating into cardiomyocyte like cells in heterogeneous cardiomyocytes microenvironment in vitro. Methods： Mouse GFP-BMSCs were isolated by centrifugation through a Ficoll step gradient and purified by plating culture and depletion of the non-adherent cells. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes （CMs） were isolated by enzymatic dissociation from hearts of 1-to 2-day old Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats and differentially plated to remove fibroblasts. Mouse GFP-BMSCs were cocuhured with neonatal rat CMs through direct and indirect contact, respectively. Cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by immunostaining with an- ti-a-actin monoclonal antibody and observing synchronous contraction with adjacent CMs by phase contrast microphotography. Results： On day 7 of cocuhure, GFP-BMSCs （CMs ： BMSCs：4 ： 1）attached to nonfluorescent contracting cells （rat-derived CMs） showed myotube-like formation and started to contract synchronously with adjacent cardiomyocytes. About 10% of the fluorescent GFP-BMSCs were cardiomyocyte-like cells as determined by cell morphology and positive actin staining. Conclusion;Direct cell to-cell interaction with CMs is crucial for cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSCs in heterogeneous CMs microenvironment in vitro. This provides a novel inducing pathway for directional differentiation of cardiovascular tissue engineering seed cells.     

An experiment study of osteogenesis of Ad-VEGF165 transfected human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Objective:To evaluate the effect of osteogenic potential on human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transferred with human vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) gene by adenovirus. Methods :hMSCs were isolated from human marrow, cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 3 groups:Ad-VEGF165 group: adding 1×1010OPU/ml Ad-VEGF in hMSCs culture fluid after incubating 24 hours, changing into ordinary complete culture and continuing culturing; Positive control group: Cultured hMSCs with 1 nmol/L dexamethasone, 10 mmol/L glycerophosphate and 50 mg/L vitamin C,exchanging this conditioned medium twice a week; blank control group :no special treatment but culturing hMSCs in DMEM.To evaluate osteogenesis competence, Von Kossa's staining and a quantitative alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity analysis were performed after 2 weeks treatment. Results :The calcified nodes formed after 2 weeks treatment in Ad-VEGF165 group and Positive control group but not in blank control group. ALP activities in Ad-VEGF165 group,Positive control group and blank control group were (7.91 ± 0.90)u/L, (8.18 ± 0.76 u/L) and (3.46 ± 0.49)u/L respectively. The differences were no statistical significance between Ad-VEGF165 group and positive control group (P ＞ 0.05), but Ad-VEGF165 group and Positive control group were significantly different with blank control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion:Adenovirus mediated VEGF165 gene can transfect hMSCs and promote osteogenesis of hMSCs.     

Differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neuron-like cells induced by angiotensin Ⅱ combined with growth factor

目的:观察血管紧张素Ⅱ(Angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ)联合应用多种生长因子体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞(Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,hBMSCs)向神经元和多巴胺神经元分化的潜能.方法:从正常人骨髓中分离单个核细胞并对hBMSCs进行纯化、鉴定;hBMSCs先经用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮细胞生长因子预诱导,再用胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)和AngⅡ联合诱导生长良好的hBMSCs向神经元分化.倒置显微镜观察hBMSCs分化过程中细胞形态的变化;RT-PCR方法检测诱导前后hBMSCs神经干细胞的标记物巢蛋白(Nestin)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、神经胶质细胞的特异性标记物酸性纤维蛋白(Glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)以及多巴胺能神经元特异性标记物酪氨酸羟化酶(Tyrosinehydroxylase,TH)等标志物的表达情况;免疫荧光法检测诱导前后hBMSCs的NSE、TH和GFAP蛋白表达情况.结果:流式分析获得了高纯度的hBMSCs.在不同浓度的AngⅡ诱导2周后,倒置显微镜观察hBMSCs,具有典型神经元细胞形态,大多呈双极、多极和锥形;Nestin、NSE、TH的基因mRNA表达量,诱导组相较于对照组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05);免疫荧光细胞化学检测结果表明诱导分化后表达NSE、Nestin、TH蛋白的细胞数明显增加(P＜0.05),但诱导前后的细胞都不表达GFAP基因.结论:多种生长因子联合AngⅡ可以在体外诱导hBMSCs分化为多巴胺能神经元样细胞.     

Study on expresion of adherent proteins related to regulation of hematopoiesis in long-term cultured human bone marrow stromal cells

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｉｏｎｏｆａｄｈｅｒｅｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅｍａｔｏｐｏｉｅｓｉｓｉｎｌｏｎｇｔｅｒｍｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｄｈｕｍａｎｂｏｎｅｍａｒｒｏｗｓｔｒｏｍａｌｃｅｌｓ．ＬｉｕＪｉｅｗｅｎ，...     

Growth regulation of ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 by transforming growth factor β1 in vitro

ＧｒｏｗｔｈｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｖａｒｉａｎｃａｎｃｅｒｃｅｌｌｉｎｅＨＯ８９１０ｂｙｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒβ１ｉｎｖｉｔｒｏＣｈｅｎＸｕｆｅｎｇ陈旭峰，ＺｈｅｎｇＳｈｕ郑树，ＧａｏＹｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ高永良，ＤａｉＨ...     

Rhein inhibits transforming growth factor β1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells

Objectives To investigate the effect of rhein on endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA expression and protein production induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), and to explore the mechanism of the protective action of rhein on endothelial cells. Methods A human umbilical endothelium derived cell line (ECV-304) from ATCC was used in this study. The PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis in the endothelial cells were detected by Northern blot and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 was determined by immunoprecipitation analysis and western blot. Results TGFβ1 rapidly increased PAI-1 mRNA expression in the endothelial cells, and this effect lasted at least 24 hours. The upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression induced by TGFβ1 in endothelial cells was inhibited by rhein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhein inhibited endothelial PAI-1 protein production. Further study revealed that rhein had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of phospho-p44/p42 MAP kinase induced by TGFβ1 in human endothelial cells. Conclusions Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.     

Ectopic bone formation of hBMP-2 gene transfected human adipose tissue-dervied stromal cells

Ectopic bone formation of hBMP-2 gene transfected human adipose tissue-dervied stromal cells@李慧武$Dept Orthop,9th Peop Hosp,Shanghai 2nd Med Univ,Shanghai 200011     

Production of transforming growth factor-beta by cultured rat mesangial cells.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) acts as an autocrine cytokine in cultured mesangial cells. Measangial cell conditioned media (CM) were prepared and tested for their effect on mesangial cell proliferation. CM showed a concentration dependent inhibition on mesangial cell proliferation and the activity was enhanced by treating conditioned media with acid. Gel filtration analysis showed peak inhibitory activity to reside in fractions with an estimated molecular weight range of 16-30 KD. The activity was partially blocked by anti-TGF beta antibody, but not nonimmune control IgG. The presence of TGF beta was confirmed using the mink lung epithelial cell assay. Furthermore, the addition of anti-TGF beta antibody directly into culture media significantly enhanced mesangial cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that measangial cell produce both active and latent forms of TGF beta, which functions as an autocrine growth inhibitor for mesangial cells.

     

Role of connective growth factor in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibronectin expression induced by transforming growth factor β1 in renal tubular cells

Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) contributes greatly to renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is the final event leading to end-stage renal failure. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CTGF antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin in renal tubular cells induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) in addition to the role of CTGF in the accumulation and degradation of renal extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods A human proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HKC) was cultured in vitro. Cationic lipidmediated CTGF antisense ODNs were transfected into HKC cells. After HKC cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 (5 μg/L), the mRNA levels of PAI-1 and fibronectin were measured by RT-PCR. Intracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis was assessed by flow cytometry. The secreted PAI-1 and fibronectin in the medium were determined by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Results TGF-β was found to induce tubular CTGF, PAI-1, and fibronectin mRNA expression. PAI-1 and fibronectin mRNA expression induced by TGF-β was significantly inhibited by CTGF antisenes. ODNs CTGF antisense ODNs also inhibited intracellular PAI-1 protein synthesis and lowered the levels of PAI-1 and fibronectin protein secreted into the medium. Conclusions CTGF may play a crucial role in the accumulation and degradation of excessive ECM during tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and transfecting CTGF antisense ODNs may be an effective way to prevent renal fibrosis.     

Effects of Fucoidan on the expression of MMP2 and TIMP-2 in human mesangial cells cultured with growth factor β1

目的 观察褐藻多糖硫酸酯(Fucoidan FPS)对TGF-β1下刺激人肾小球系膜细胞MMP-2、TIMP-2分泌的影响,探讨其在慢性肾衰竭(Chronic Renal Failure CRF)防治中的意义.方法 用TGF-β1作为刺激因子,孵育体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞(Human Mesangial cell HMC),并分别用不同浓度的FPS干预,具体分组如下:模型组(TGF-β14 ng/ml)、FPS高剂量组(TGF-β14 ng/ml +FPS 100 ug/ml)、FPS中剂量组(TGF-β14 ng/ml + FPS 50 ug/ml)、FPS低剂量组(TGF-β14 ng/ml + FPS 25 ug/ml)、FPS对照组(FPS 100ug/ml)、正常对照组.ELISA技术检测HMC培养上清液中MMP-2、TIMP-2蛋白表达水平,Realtime PCR技术检测HMC 的MMP-2、TIMP-2 mRNA表达水平.结果 与正常对照组相比,TGF-β1能减少HMC的MMP-2蛋白及mRNA表达 (P＜0.01),增加HMC的TIMP-2蛋白及mRNA表达 (P＜0.01);FPS能阻断TGF-β1刺激下HMC的MMP-2蛋白及mRNA表达减少、TIMP-2蛋白及mRNA表达增加(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);FPS对照组与正常对照相比MMP-2、TIMP-2蛋白及mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 褐藻多糖硫酸酯能阻断TGF-β1刺激下人肾小球系膜细胞MMP-2、TIMP-2表达的比例失衡,阻断了由MMP-2、TIMP-2比例失衡导致的ECM积聚,从而延缓了慢性肾衰竭的进展.     

Cloning and expression of rat transforming growth factor β1 cDNA in osteoblasts

Summary Rat transforming growth factor β1 (rTGFβ1) cDNA from rat lymphocytes was cloned by RT-PCR and inserted into pcDNA3 to construct an eukaryotic expression vector, which was named pcDNA3-TGFβ1. The cloned gene was confirmed to code rat TGFβ1 by restriction enzyme analysis. pcDNA3-TGFβ1 plasmid was transfected into rat osteoblasts by using liposome-mediated gene transfer technique and the expression of TGFβ1 was detected by using immunohistochemical staining assay. It was found that the rat TGFβ1 expression product was obviously detectable in the transfected osteoblasts in 48 h. High expression of TGFβ1 was obtained in the rat osteoblasts in which the constructed TGFβ1 expression vector was transfected.     

Role of transforming growth factor P and bone morphogenetic protein composite on repair of bone defects

Bonerepairisacomplicatedprocess.Recentstudiesdemonstratedthatseveralgrowthfactorsplayanimportantroleinboneformation.Bonemorphogeneticproteins(BMPs)induceboneformationthroughstimulatingundifferentlatedmesenchymalproliferationanddifferentiationandinitiatingheterotopicboneformation.Transforminggrowthfactor5(TGF--0),mostabundantinquantityofthegrowthfactorsinthebody,stronglypromotestheembryogenesis,traumahealing,matrixsynthesis,osteoandosteochondralformationandboneremodeling.Ourpreviousexperimen…     

Evaluation of transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein composite on healing of bone defects

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Evaluation of transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein composite on healing of bone defects.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein (TGF-beta/BMP) composite on the healing of large segmental bone defects and to discuss the interaction between TGF-beta and BMP during bone repair.

METHODS A 1.5 cm segmental defect was made in the mid-upper part of the radial shaft of 48 adult rabbits. The defects were filled with implants of TGF-beta/carrier, BMP/carrier or TGF-beta/BMP/carrier separately. 120 micrograms of purified bovine TGF-beta and 12 mg of BMP were used in the composite. The defects were examined radiographically and histologically at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-operation.

RESULTS In the group filled with TGF-beta/BMP composite, the defect areas were bridged at 4 weeks, with callus of uniform radiodensity. Cortices of the cut ends were obscured by new bone. By 16 weeks post-operation, the defects were bridged by uniform new bone and the cut ends of the cortex could not be seen in all groups. In group of BMP/carrier, the defects were filled with more irregular woven bone callus than in other two groups. TGF-beta/BMP implanted defects in animals killed at 16 weeks showed histologically new lamella and woven bone that was formed in continuity with the cut ends of the cortex. Medullar canal was recanalized and contained marrow elements with normal appearance.

CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate not only the synergistic action between TGF-beta and BMP in the process of bone healing, but also a better effect of TGF-beta/BMP composite than single TGF-beta or BMP on bone repair, especially in the early stage of bone repair process.

     

Correlation between transforming growth factor beta 1 and bone matrix gelation after implantation

Objective To detect the changes of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-*1) following implantation of bone matrix gelatin (BMG) and evaluate biological activits and antigen of BMG. Methods Twenty cases with disturbance of bone union were used as Group BMG and 20 cases with fresh fracture as control group. Internal fixation was done in both groups. TCF-β1 was detected 1 week before operation, 1 week and 2 weeks after operation respectively. Results (1) TCF-β1 in the Group BMG showed very significant difference postoperatively compared with preoperation ( P < 0. 01), and significant difference at the second postoperatie week compared with the first postoperative week (P<0.05). (2) There was insignificant difference in the control group precperatively and postoperatively (P>0.05). (3) In Group BMG,significant difference was found compared with control group preoperatively (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Implantation of BMG show remarkable activity of bone formation without immunoreaction. 5 refs,1 tab.     

Molecular tissue engineering: Applications for modulation of mesenchymal stem cells proliferation by transforming growth factor β1 gene transfer

Summary The effect of transforming growth factor β₁ (TGF-β₁) gene transfection on the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mechanism was investigated to provide basis for accelerating articular cartilage repairing using molecular tissue engineering technology. TGF-β₁ gene at different doses was transduced into the rat bone marrow-derived MSCs to examine the effects of TGF-β₁ gene transfection on MSCs DNA synthesis, cell cycle kinetics and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The results showed that 3 μl lipofectaminemediated 1 μg TGF-β₁ gene transfection could effectively promote the proliferation of MSCs best; Under this condition (DNA/Lipofectamine= 1μg/3μl) flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in the³H incorporation, DNA content in S phase and the expression of PCNA. Transfection of gene encoding TGF-β₁ could induce the cells at G0/G1 phase to S1 phase, modulate the replication of DNA through the enhancement of the PCNA expression, increase the content of DNA at S1 phase and promote the proliferation of MSCs. This new molecular tissue engineering approach could be of potential benefit to enhance the repair of damaged articular cartilage, especially those caused by degenerative joint diseases. This project was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30170270).