经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区脑膜瘤的疗效

目的探讨经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区脑膜瘤的方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2010-01—2013-01我院采用经眶上锁孔入路显微手术切除鞍区脑膜瘤11例患者的临床资料,探讨手术效果、手术技巧及并发症发生情况。结果肿瘤全切除10例(Simpson I级切除2例,Ⅱ级切除8例),次全切除l例(SimpsonⅢ级切除)。所有患者术后视力及视野缺损改善,术后出现尿崩3例,经治疗1~2周好转;随访6个月~5a,术后2a左右肿瘤复发1例,余均恢复良好。结论应用经眶上锁孔入路显微手术治疗鞍区脑膜瘤有较好的临床效果,值得临床推广。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤手术入路的选择及显微手术技巧。方法回顾性分析经显微手术和病理证实的鞍结节脑膜瘤35例临床资料。35例分别经额下、翼点、额下-翼点联合入路,采用显微手术方法切除肿瘤。结果SimpsonⅠ级切除8例,Ⅱ级切除24例,Ⅲ级切除3例,无手术死亡。结论显微手术是最佳的治疗方法,选择合适的手术入路能够显著提高肿瘤的全切率和降低并发症。     

显微手术治疗第三脑室肿瘤

目的探讨显微手术治疗第三脑室肿瘤的手术入路和技术。方法采用显微手术和不同的手术入路切除第三脑室肿瘤36例,其中15例采用胼胝体入路（10例室间孔入路,5例经穹窿间入路）,8例采用幕下小脑上入路,8例采用终板入路,5例采用额上同入路。7例术后脑积水,其中3例行脑室一腹腔分流（v—P分流）、1例行第三脑室底造瘘术,1例侧脑室扩大的局限性脑积水行透明隔造瘘术,2例放弃治疗。结果全切除肿瘤22例、次全切除8例、部分切除6例。术后3个月随访结果：良好33例,差1例,死亡2例;远期随访结果（3个月至7年）：良好26例,死亡8例。11例术后需要激素长期替代治疗。结论第三脑室肿瘤手术难度较大,但选择适合的手术入路和熟练的显微手术技术可以取得满意的疗效。     

经胼胝体-穹窿间切除第三脑室松果体区肿瘤

目的 探讨经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室松果体区肿瘤的方法及疗效,并对相应的显微解剖学基础加以讨论.方法 经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路显微手术切除第三脑室松果体区肿瘤16例.结果 术前1例先行脑室-腹腔分流术、1例行神经内镜第三脑室底终板造瘘术.16例在手术显微镜下肿瘤全切除9例,次全切除4例,大部切除3例.5例在处理完肿瘤后做终板造瘘术.结论 经胼胝体-透明隔-穹窿间入路手术切除第三脑室松果体区肿瘤系通过胚胎组织残留的透明隔间隙进入第三脑室,损伤少,肿瘤全切除、次全切除率高,术后并发症少.     

Meckel腔脑膜瘤临床分型与微创手术治疗策略

目的探讨Meckel腔脑膜瘤的临床分型、手术入路选择和微创手术治疗策略,提高肿瘤全切除率和改善术后疗效。方法回顾性分析经显微手术切除的17例Meckel腔脑膜瘤病人的临床资料。根据肿瘤的起源部位和侵袭方向将Meckel腔脑膜瘤分为三型:Ⅰ型3例;Ⅱ型5例;Ⅲ型9例。Ⅰ型脑膜瘤采用前颞下-经硬膜内入路,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型脑膜瘤采用乙状窦后-内听道上入路。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ级切除11例,SimpsonⅡ级切除6例。术后无新增脑神经损伤,无手术相关死亡病例。随访3~86个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论 Meckel腔脑膜瘤的分型有助于选择最佳的手术入路。乙状窦后-经内听道上入路适用于Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型Meckel腔脑膜瘤。     

侧方入路在鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨侧方入路显微手术切除鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤的治疗效果。方法根据肿瘤大小、位置、生长方式等影像学特点,选择侧方入路显微手术切除鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤58例,包括翼点入路37例,扩大翼点入路8例,颞下入路10例及经乙状窦前后入路3例,术中避免损伤下丘脑和重要的神经、血管等。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ～Ⅱ级切除49例,Ⅲ级切除6例,Ⅳ级切除3例。无手术死亡及严重并发症发生。术前神经功能症状均获不同程度改善。随访3个月～3年,复发5例。结论正确运用侧方入路治疗鞍区及鞍旁复杂型脑膜瘤可获良好疗效;娴熟的显微外科操作技巧是提高疗效、减少并发症的保证。     

远外侧入路切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤的显微手术探讨(附11例报告)

目的探讨经远外侧入路切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤的显微手术技巧。方法自2003年5月至2010年5月经远外侧入路显微手术切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤11例,其中,经枕髁后入路5例,经部分枕髁入路4例,经C_1～2关节面侧方联合部分枕髁入路2例。结果肿瘤全切除（SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级）7例,次全切除（SimpsonⅢ级）3例,大部切除（SimpsonⅣ级）1例,无手术死亡病例。结论经远外侧入路显微手术切除枕骨大孔区腹侧及腹外侧脑膜瘤的关键在于:①合理设计磨除枕骨大孔侧方骨质的范围以充分暴露肿瘤;②术中注意保护脑干、上颈髓、后组颅神经及椎动脉等重要结构。     

经胼胝体-穹窿间入路显微切除三脑室肿瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨经胼胝体-穹窿间入路手术切除三脑室肿瘤的方法 和疗效.方法 经胼胝体-穹窿间入路显微手术切除三脑室肿瘤15 例.肿瘤位于三脑室前部9 例、三脑室中部3 例、三脑室后部3 例.12 例患者伴有不同程度的梗阻性脑积水.结果 本组11 例肿瘤达到镜下全切,3 例次全切除,1 例部分切除.短期并发症包括尿崩症5 例,...     

显微手术治疗第四脑室肿瘤的并发症防治(附87例分析)

目的探讨显微手术治疗第四脑室肿瘤的并发症防治。方法对87例第四脑室肿瘤病人采用正中孔-小脑蚓部入路或结合小脑延髓裂入路分离切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除64例,次全切除18例,大部切除5例。术后并发症:脑积水6例,血肿3例,颅内感染2例,癫疒间2例,缄默症2例。术后死亡1例。结论积极预防和及时处理并发症,是显微手术治疗第四脑室肿瘤成功的关键。     

经纵裂-胼胝体入路手术治疗脑室出血并脑积水

目的 探讨经纵裂-胼胝体入路手术治疗脑室岀血伴脑积水的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析显微镜下经纵裂-胼胝体入路手术治疗24例脑室岀血伴脑积水的临床资料.结果 术后无颅内感染及死亡病例.术后随访3个月,日常生活活动能力预后分级:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级5例.结论 经纵裂-胼胝体入路手术治疗脑室岀血伴脑积水对于改善患者预后,降低患者的病残率有较好的临床价值.     

超早期小骨窗经外侧裂-岛叶入路显微手术治疗基底节脑出血

目的探讨超早期小骨窗经外侧裂岛叶入路显微手术治疗高血压性基底节脑出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析47例高血压性基底节脑出血6h内超早期手术,采用小骨窗开颅,显微镜下经外侧裂－岛叶入路,清除血肿。结果血肿完全清除36例,血肿清除〉95％11例。术后按日常生活能力分级法随访3～6个月,Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级15例,Ⅳ级6例,V级3例。结论超早期小骨窗经外侧裂－岛叶入路显微手术治疗高血压性基底节脑出血是一种创伤小的治疗方法。     

385例前交通动脉瘤显微手术治疗疗效分析

目的探讨前交通动脉瘤的术前诊断、手术时机及手术技巧对术后疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析作者自1997年1月至2012年6月行显微外科手术治疗前交通动脉瘤385例患者的临床表现、影像资料、手术治疗及预后情况。结果 385例患者中,Hunt-Hess 0级5例(未破裂),Ⅰ级7例,Ⅱ级177例,Ⅲ级148例,Ⅳ级39例,Ⅴ级9例;采用翼点入路383例,2例采用冠状切口入路;早期(3 d)手术238例,中期(3 d~2 w)手术118例,晚期(2 w)29例。治愈340例(88.3%)、好转13例(3.4%)、植物生存6例(1.6%)、死亡26例(6.8%)。结论经翼点入路显微外科手术治疗前交通动脉瘤,术中暴露清楚,夹闭瘤颈可靠,术后并发症少,是一种有效的方法。选择最佳手术时机,熟练掌握显微操作技术及显微解剖知识是手术成功的关键。     

Surgical Outcome of Spinal Canal Meningiomas

Objective

We report experiences and clinical outcomes of 61 cases with spinal canal meningiomas from January 1970 through January 2005.

Methods

Thirty-eight patients were enrolled with follow-up duration of more than one year after surgery. There were 7 male and 31 female patients. The mean age was 52 years (range, 19 to 80 years). All patients underwent microsurgical resection using a posterior approach.

Results

Twenty-nine (79.4%) cases experienced clinical improvement after surgery. The extent of tumor resection at the first operation was Simpson Grade I in 10 patients, Grade II in 17, Grade III in 4, Grade IV in 6, and unknown in one. We did not experience recurrent cases with Simpson grade I, II, or III resection. There were 6 recurrent cases, consisting of 5 cases with an extent of Simpson grade IV and one with an unknown extent. The mean duration of recurrence was 100 months after surgery. Radiation therapy was administered as a surgical adjunct in four patients (10.5%). Two cases were recurrent lesions that could not be completely resected. The other two cases were malignant meningiomas. No immediate postoperative death occurred in the patient group.

Conclusion

We experienced no recurrent cases of intraspinal meningiomas once gross total resection has been achieved, regardless of the control of the dural origin. Surgeons do not have to take the risk of causing complication to the control dural origin after achieving gross total resectioning of spinal canal meningioma.     

嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术策略

目的 探讨嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术治疗策略. 方法 回顾性分析广州医学院第二附属医院神经外科自2003年1月至2008年12月收治的22例嗅沟脑膜瘤患者的临床资料和手术效果. 结果本组病例中冠状开颅双侧额下入路12例,冠状开颅单侧额下入路3例,翼点入路4例,眶上锁孔入路3例.Simpson Ⅰ级切除13例,SimpsonⅡ级切除7例,SimpsonⅢ级切除2例.随访16例,时间5个月～5年,均行头颅MRI检查,未见肿瘤复发. 结论 嗅沟脑膜瘤的手术人路应根据肿瘤的大小和生长部位来选择,手术者要结合自己的熟练程度灵活掌握和运用.     

脑干血管畸形的显微手术治疗(附19例报告)

目的 探讨脑干血管畸形的显微外科手术治疗方法和预后.方法 显微手术切除脑干血管畸形19例.6例经枕下正中第四脑室底入路切除;9例经枕下乙状窦后入路切除;3例经小脑延髓裂入路切除;1例经枕下正中入路上抬蚓垂后切除.结果 19例病灶均镜下全切,其中海绵状血管瘤15例,动静脉畸形4例.13例症状改善,5例出现并发症,1例因下呼吸道感染死亡.随访中GOS 5分15例,GOS 4分2例,GOS 3分1例.MRI复查无病灶残留.结论 在恰当选择手术适应证、手术时机和手术入路的基础上,运用娴熟的显微外科技术,脑干血管畸形的手术治疗结果是令人满意的.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the microsurgical treatment of brainstem vascular malformation and evaluate the surgical outcome. Method Brain stem vascular malformations in 19 cases were resected by microsurgical techniques. Six cases of cavernous malformations ( CM ) in the dorsal of pons and medulla underwent operations via through the base of the forth ventrical approach. Another nine cases of CM in lateral and ventral lateral pons were treated via suboccipito - retrosigmoid approach. Three cases of arteriovenous malformation(AVM) in cerebellomedullary fissure were treated via telovelar approach. One case of AVM in the dosal medulla were resected via transvermian approach. Results All the lesions were totally resected. Pathologic diagnosis were CM( 15 cases) and AVM(4 cases). The diameter of all the CM were less than 1 centimeter. One AVM was 1.5 centimeter in diameter, the other two lesions was 2. 0 centimeter, the last one was 2. 5 centimeter. The functional disorders were improved after operation in 13 cases. Complications appeared in five patients, which improved between one week and three months. One patient died of sever pneumonia. During two months to six years after operation, the brainstem vascular malformation didn't recrudesce and re - bleed. No one patient appeared new syndromes. Conclusions The microsurgical management of brainstem vascular malformation can effectively prevent re - bleeding. Selecting different surgical approach basing on the locations can reduce the neurofunction damage. In order to accelerate the recovery of damaged brainstem, early surgery should be choosen for the patients with surgical indications. Basing on the correct choice of surgical indications, using the extensive knowledge of microanatomy,new concept of minimal invasive surgery and skillful microsurgical techniques, the surgical results of brainstem vascular malformation are satisfactory.     

Neuroendoscopic biopsy. Experience in 31 patients and literature review

OBJECTIVE. To describe our experience with the endoscopic management of intraventricular tumors, analyzing biopsy effectiveness, and to compare our results with those obtained from an extensive literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Between 2003 and 2010, 31 patients aged between 7 months and 77 years, diagnosed of solid and/or cystic intra and/or periventricular tumors, underwent neuroendoscopic biopsy. We analyze operative technique, pathological result, management of associated hydrocephalus, rate of complications and postoperative technique. RESULTS. 32 endoscopic procedures were done and biopsy was successfully performed in 28 cases, with positive histological result in 25 of them (78% success rate per procedure and 89% success rate per biopsy). Most frequent pathological diagnosis was grade II astrocytoma. 30 patients had associated hydrocephalus that required endoscopic third ventriculostomy (19 cases, with 73.7% success rate) and/or septostomy (12 patients, 3 associated with ventriculostomy and 9 with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt). Frameless neuronavigation was used in three selected cases. During the surgery and the postoperative period the following complications appeared: intraventricular hemorrhage in four cases (two of them died), seizures in two patients, new neurological findings in three cases (Parinaud's sign, transient palsy of third cranial nerve and hemiparesis associated with palsy of third cranial nerve), and cerebrospinal fluid leak and infection in one case. 19 patients received subsequent treatment (microsurgical resection in 1, radiosurgery in 2, radiotherapy in 8, chemotherapy in 5 and chemo-radiotherapy in 3). CONCLUSIONS. Endoscopic management of intraventricular and/or periventricular brain tumors is effective, and allow diagnostic biopsy and simultaneous treatment of the associated hydrocephalus in many cases. So, it could be the treatment of choice in those tumors that are not suitable for microsurgical resection. Although this technique is not exempt of serious complications, morbimortality could be lower than conventional microsurgical approach.     

颅颈交界区占位性病变的临床特点及显微外科治疗策略

目的 探讨颅颈交界区占位性病变的临床特点、诊断、显微治疗策略及预后.方法 回顾性分析43例颅颈交界区占位性病变患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献进行分析.结果 43例患者均行显微手术治疗,经枕下后正中入路29例,远外侧入路14例.全切除35例,次全切除5例,部分切除3例,出院时按GOS评分,预后良好（4～5分）38例,差（2～3分）4例,死亡（1分）1例.结论 应用显微神经外科技术治疗颅颈交界区占位性病变,依据术前MRI检查,采取合适的手术入路,可以取得良好的治疗效果.     

天幕脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨天幕脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术入路及显微手术技巧。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2008年6月期间收治的39例天幕脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。依据肿瘤基底附着部位和主体生长方向选择不同的手术入路,其中31例普通型天幕脑膜瘤经单侧枕下入路12例,经颞枕或枕部入路7例,经枕下乙状窦后入路5例,经枕下正中入路4例,经幕上下联合入路3例;8例天幕游离缘脑膜瘤中,经枕一天幕入路5例,经改良翼点入路2例,经幕下小脑上入路1例。结果肿瘤达SimpsonI级全切除19例（48．7％）,II级全切除17例（43．6％）,次全切除2例（5．1％）,大部分切除1例（2．6％）,无手术死亡。对37例患者进行了随访,随访时间4个月至5年,28例（75．7％）恢复正常生活,7例（18．9％）生活完全自理,2例（5．4％）生活需他人帮助。结论天幕脑膜瘤应积极手术治疗。适宜的手术入路及精细的显微外科技巧,可显著提高肿瘤全切率,减少复发,降低并发症。     

微骨窗经额中回入路手术治疗高血压脑出血脑室铸型

目的 初步探讨微骨窗经额中回入路显微镜下手术治疗高血压脑出血脑室铸型的可行性及优势. 方法 30例侧脑室内铸型血肿患者按照随机数字表法分为2组(各15例);单纯侧脑室外引流术组(A组),微骨窗经额中回入路显微镜下血肿清除术组(B组).术后随访3～6月,按格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)对比评价2种术式的疗效. 结果 A组死亡6例.植物生存或严重残疾6例,中等残疾或恢复良好3例;B组分别为1例、2例、12例.B组患者预后明显优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 微骨窗经额中回入路显微镜下血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血脑室铸型疗效较好,优于单纯侧脑室外引流术.     

颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的诊断及显微外科治疗

目的探讨颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的诊断及显微手术治疗方法。方法回顾分析我院2003年至2008年5例诊断为颈静脉孔区神经鞘瘤的患者临床资料。结果术后病理均证实为神经鞘瘤。全切肿瘤3例,次全切2例。术后3例有声音嘶哑伴吞咽困难,1例面部感觉麻木伴面瘫,随访中逐渐好转,1例听力丧失,余术后面神经和听神经功能均有所改善。结论根据临床症状和CT、MRI相结合可以进行正确诊断和肿瘤的分型。选择最佳手术入路,达到以最小的创伤而获得最佳的手术效果。