氧氟沙星序贯疗法治疗细菌性感染

目的：评价氧氟沙星静脉和口服序贯疗法治疗细菌性感染的有效性、安全性和可行性。方法：４５例重症呼吸道、尿路感染病人，男性２１例，女性２４例；年龄４９±ｓ１８ａ。先静脉滴注氧氟沙星２００ｍｇ，ｑ１２ｈ。呼吸道感染疗程为６．０±２．０ｄ；尿路感染４．０±１．０ｄ。继以口服氧氟沙星２００￣３００ｍｇ，ｂｉｄ。呼吸道与尿路感染的疗程分别为７．０±２．０ｄ和６．０±２．０ｄ。结果：临床有效率１３％。氧氟沙星对     

左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性感染70例

目的：观察左氧氟沙星治疗细菌感染的疗效和安全性。方法：以左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性感染７０例（男性３５例，女性３５例，年龄５４±ｓ１５ａ），其中下呼吸道感染４０例，尿路感染３０例，剂量一般为０．２ｇ，ｐｏ，ｂｉｄ，疗程７～１４ｄ；单纯性下尿路感染为０．２ｇ，ｐｏ，ｑｄ，疗程５～７ｄ。结果：总有效率９３％，细菌清除率８８％，不良反应轻微，呈一过性，发生率为６％。结论：左氧氟沙星治疗细菌性感染有效而安全。     

左氧氟沙星治疗泌尿系继发感染

目的：观察左氧氟沙星对继发性泌尿系感染的疗效。方法：继发性尿路感染３０例，男性２１例，女性９例，年龄５６ａ±ｓ１７ａ。左氧氟沙星１００～２００ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｂｉｄ，疗程８ｄ±２ｄ。结果：临床有效率８０％，细菌转阴率７８％，１０％的病人有轻度不良反应。结论：左氧氟沙星是治疗泌尿系继发感染有效和安全的新药     

头孢噻肟和头孢噻肟加头孢布烯治疗下呼吸道感染的成本效果比较

目的：头孢噻肟ｉｖ,ｄｒｉｐ与头孢肟、头孢布烯序贯疗法治疗下呼吸道感染的成本效果分析。方法：１４１例下呼吸道感染病人前瞻性临床随机对照研究和药物经济学成本效果分析,头孢噻肟、头孢布烯序贯疗法组（ｎ＝ ６８）,先以头孢噻肟 ２ ｇ, ｉｖ,ｄｒｉｐ,ｂｉｄ × ３ ｄ,后改用头孢布烯 ２００ ｍｇ,ｐｏ, ｂｉｄ × ５～１１ｄ;头孢噻肟静滴组（ｎ＝７３）,头孢噻肟２ ｇ,ｉｖ,ｄｒｉｐ,ｂｉｄ × ８～１４ ｄ。结果：２组治疗总有效率分别为９１％和８９％,差别无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）,序贯疗法组每例可节省直接医疗费用３０００元左右。结论：头孢噻肟、头孢布烯序贯治疗中、重度下呼吸道感染比头孢噻肟静脉滴注更具成本效果。     

头孢布烯与头孢噻肟钠序贯治疗呼吸道感染的成本—效果分析

目的：运用药物经济学成本—效果分析方法寻找治疗中、重度呼吸道感染的最佳方案。方法：选择头孢布烯与头孢噻肟钠序贯治疗呼吸道感染的病例１１０例,随机分成３组,给予Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３种不同的治疗方案。Ａ：单用头孢噻肟钠（广东石歧制药厂）２ｇ加入５％葡萄糖液２００ｍｌ,ｂｉｄ,静滴;Ｂ：先用头孢噻肟钠２ｇ加入５％葡萄糖液２００ｍｌ,ｂｉｄ,静滴,连续３ｄ后,口服头孢布烯２００ｍｇ,ｂｉｄ;Ｃ：单用头孢布烯２００ｍｇ（商品名：先力腾,先灵葆雅）,ｐｏ,ｂｉｄ。３组疗程均为７～１１ｄ。结果：总有效率Ｂ组最高。结论：药物经济学成本—效果分析与缪竞智等人的临床研究结果完全一致,Ｂ方案头孢布烯与头孢噻肟钠序贯疗法为治疗中、重度下呼吸道感染的最佳方案。     

乙酰吉他霉素治疗细菌性感染

目的：评价乙酰吉他霉素颗粒剂治疗细菌性感染的疗效。方法：轻、中型呼吸道感染、泌尿、生殖系感染，皮肤软组织感染１６２例，用乙酰吉他霉素颗粒剂治疗１０２例，男性５６例，女性４６例，男性３４例，妇性２６例，年龄３６±１１ａ。２组受试均采用口服给药。２种药成人剂量均为１．０ｇ／ｄ，儿童剂量均为２５￣５０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ），分３￣４次服，疗程７￣１０ｄ，结果：临床总有效率分别为７２％和６７％；致病菌清除率     

兰索拉唑每日15mg与每日30mg治疗消化性溃疡的比较

目的：探索兰索拉唑１５ｍｇ／ｄ和３０ｍｇ／ｄ治疗消化性溃疡的比较。方法：６３例经胃镜证实为活动性消化性溃疡病人，随机分成１５ｍｇ／ｄ组３３例，３０ｍｇ／ｄ组３０例，疗程均为４ｗｋ。疗程结束后３ｄ内复查胃镜。结果：用药４ｗｋ胃镜下溃疡愈合率（疤痕期或溃疡消失）１５ｍｇ／ｄ组为８５％，３０ｍｇ／ｄ组为８７％。２组总有效率各为１００％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。服药后中上腹疼痛消失及反酸症状消失，１５ｍｇ／ｄ组与３０ｍｇ／ｄ组依次为５．９±ｓ１．８ｄ，４．５±１．８ｄ与３．２±１．４ｄ，３．０±１．０ｄ。２组差别均有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：口服兰索拉唑１５ｍｇ／ｄ总有效率与口服３０ｍｇ／ｄ相仿，但疼痛和反酸症状消失３０ｍｇ／ｄ组比１５ｍｇ／ｄ组更快     

左氧氟沙星治疗成人下呼吸道感染两种方案的经济学分析

目的:探讨左氧氟沙星治疗成人下呼吸道感染两种方案的经济效果。方法:将60例下呼吸道感染患者随机分为左氧氟沙星静脉滴注组和左氧氟沙星静脉-口服序贯疗法组,观察临床疗效并作成本-效果分析。结果:左氧氟沙星静脉滴注组与左氧氟沙星静脉-口服序贯疗法组总成本分别为688.8元、417.3元(P<0.05),疗效分别为86.4％、85.1％(P>0.05)。结论:左氧氟沙星静脉-口服序贯疗法是治疗成人下呼吸道感染的较佳方案。     

乙酰吉他霉素治疗细菌性感染

目的：评价乙酰吉他霉素颗粒剂治疗细菌性感染的疗效。方法：轻、中型呼吸道感染，泌尿、生殖系感染，皮肤软组织感染１６２例。用乙酰吉他霉素颗粒剂治疗１０２例，男性５６例，女性４６例，年龄３８±ｓ１２ａ；用依托红霉素冲剂对照治疗６０例，男性３４例，女性２６例，年龄３６±１１ａ。２组受试者均采用口服给药。２种药成人剂量均为１．０ｇ／ｄ，儿童剂量均为２５～５０ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ），分３～４次服，疗程７～１０ｄ。结果：临床总有效率分别为７２％和６７％；致病菌清除率分别为７４％和６３％；不良反应率分别为１６％和３２％。结论：乙酰吉他霉素颗粒剂治疗轻、中型细菌性感染疗效好而且较安全。     

头孢呋辛与头孢呋辛酯序贯治疗下呼吸道感染

目的：探讨头孢呋辛（ｃｅｆｕｒｏｘｉｍｅ）、头孢呋辛酯（ｃｅｆｕｒｏｘｉｍｅａｘｅｔｉｌ）序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染的临床疗效、抗菌效果和不良反应。方法：男性２６例，女性１４例，年龄４３±ｓ８ａ（２６～７６ａ），痰细菌培养阳性细菌３２株。用头孢呋辛２．２５ｇ／ｄ，分２～３次静脉滴注，５～７ｄ后改口服头孢呋辛酯２５０ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｂｉｄ，５～７ｄ。结果：痊愈２５例（６２％），显效１３例，总有效率达９５％，细菌清除率９４％（３０／３２株），无明显不良反应。结论：先静脉滴注头孢呋辛，继以头孢呋辛酯口服的序贯疗法治疗下呼吸道感染疗效良好，使用安全，可降低病人费用。     

头孢布烯与氧氟沙星治疗泌尿系感染的比较

目的 :比较头孢布烯与氧氟沙星治疗泌尿系感染的疗效。方法 :10 2例病人 (男性 4 5例 ,女性57例 ,年龄 4 9a±s 13a)随机分为 2组 (各 51例 ) ,头孢布烯组 (复发性泌尿系感染 31例 ,原发性泌尿系感染 2 0例 )用头孢布烯 4 0 0mg ,po ,qd ,疗程10 .4d± 2 .7d ;氧氟沙星组 (复发性泌尿系感染 30例 ,原发性泌尿系感染 2 1例 )用氧氟沙星 10 0mg ,po ,tid ,疗程 10d± 3d。结果 :2组总有效率分别为92 %和 76% (P <0 .0 5) ;致病菌总清除率分别为92 %和 78% (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :头孢布烯对泌尿系感染的疗效优于氧氟沙星     

Clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics

A clinical study of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephalosporin, was carried out to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infections in children. CFIX was orally administered to 13 patients including 6 with upper respiratory tract infection (RTI), 3 with pneumonia, and 1 each with bronchitis, otitis media, skin abscess, and urinary tract infection (UTI). The daily dosage per kg bodyweight ranged from 5.1 to 17.4 mg (average: 8.7 mg), and was given in 2 or 3 divided doses per day for 3 to 10 days (average: 5.8 days). The clinical response was excellent in 4 (30.8%), good in 7 (53.8%) and poor in 2 (15.4%), with an overall efficacy rate of 84.6%. Bacteriological efficacy was good, and 6 of the 8 identified causative organisms were eradicated. Side effects were observed in 3 children, i.e., loose stool in 1 and transient elevations of GOT and GPT in 2. The above results suggest that CFIX is a useful new oral cephalosporin for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.     

Clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics

Clinical usefulness of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, in pediatric field was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The clinical efficacy of CFIX was investigated in a total of 138 children including 49 with upper respiratory tract infections (RTI), 22 with acute bronchitis, 18 with pneumonia, 19 with scarlet fever and 21 with urinary tract infections (UTI). 2. Clinical effectiveness was excellent in 58, good in 60, fair in 14 and poor in 3, with an overall efficacy rate of 87.4%. The efficacy rate classified according to types of infection were 85.7% in upper RTI, 89.5% in acute bronchitis, 94.4% in pneumonia, 78.9% in scarlet fever, and 90.5% in UTI. 3. Out of the suspected causative organisms, 43 strains of a total of 50 strains isolated were eradicated. The bacteriological eradication rate was 86.0%. (Haemophilus influenzae 100%, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 100%, Streptococcus pyogenes 88.5%, Escherichia coli 85.7%). 4. One hundred forty four children were analyzed for side effect. Side effects were observed in 2 children (1.4%) with diarrhea in 1 and anorexia in another. Abnormal laboratory test results were recorded in 4 children (3.3%). The above results suggest that CFIX is a very useful new oral cephalosporin for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.     

Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in the treatment of severe infections in hospitalized patients

The authors studied 302 hospitalized patients, 164 males and 138 females aged 15-88 years (average 66 years), with severe infections. Cefotetan was administered to 278 of them at the dose of 1 or 2 g, b.i.d. or a single daily dose i.m. Other patients [24] were treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of cefotetan (3 g daily in 5% dextrose). Of these patients 121 were treated for urinary tract infections (UTI); 114 for respiratory tract infections (RTI); 41 for liver biliary duct infections (BDI); 17 for skin or skin structure infections (SKI); 6 for fever of unknown origin and 3 for sepsis. The following Gram-positive organisms [156] were isolated: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus group D; and the following Gram-negative organisms [122]: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia spp., Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overall eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 74% and for Gram-negative organisms it was 88%. The clinical response was satisfactory in 87.7% of patients (specifically, cefotetan was effective in 90% of UTI, 84.2% of RTI, 97.5% of BDI and 82.3% of SKI). The drug was well tolerated and side-effects (such as skin rash, diarrhoea, purpura and pain at the site of injection) occurred in only 4% of patients treated with cefotetan. In conclusion, cefotetan appears to be safe and highly effective for the treatment of severe infections in hospitalized patients.     

氟罗沙星单剂和多剂治疗急性尿路感染的比较

目的：观察氟罗沙星治疗单纯性下尿路感染的疗效及安全性，并对单剂和多剂２种治疗方案进行比较。方法：单剂组（女性，３０例；年龄４１±ｓ１４ａ）用氟罗沙星片４００ｍｇ顿服；多剂组（男性２例，女性２８例；年龄４７±１５ａ）用氟罗沙星片２００ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｑｄ，共７ｄ。结果：２组有效率均为９７％，痊愈率和细菌清除率分别为９３％和９７％，不良反应的发生率分别为１０％和０。结论：氟罗沙星治疗单纯性下尿路感染疗效良好，不良反应轻微，２种给药方案有效性和安全性相仿（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

头孢布烯治疗下呼吸道感染

目的：观察头孢布烯对下呼吸道感染的疗效。方法：下呼吸道感染６４例（男性３９例，女性２５例，年龄４８±ｓ１４ａ），采用头孢布烯２００ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｂｉｄ，疗程１０．３±２．４ｄ。结果：临床有效率８８％（５６／６４），细菌清除率８９％（４７／５３）。临床分离病原菌５３株。体外药敏试验显示头孢布烯敏感率９１％，耐药率（９％）与头孢他啶（１１％）、头孢噻肟（１３％）、头孢哌酮（１５％）无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。治疗过程中副作用发生率３％，且轻微。结论：头孢布烯是一种治疗下呼吸道感染的高效而安全的抗生素。     

Balofloxacin Choongwae

Balofloxacin, an orally active fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been developed by Choongwae Pharma in Korea, for the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). Chugai and Ciba were developing balofloxacin for respiratory tract infections (RTI) but discontinued development in 1995 due to changes in Chugai's R&D focus and a lack of efficacy of the drug. Following phase II trials, Choongwae bought the rights to develop balofloxacin in Korea from Chugai. Phase III trials for UTI were completed in early 2001. Balofloxacin was approved by the Korean FDA in December 2001 for UTI. In March 2002, phase II trials were underway for RTI.     

甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星治疗泌尿道感染临床疗效及安全性

目的：研究甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星对泌尿道感染的治疗作用及安全性。方案：对30例细菌性泌尿道感染患者静脉滴注甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星400mg/d,疗程5－7d；对70例泌尿道手术患者术后预防性静脉滴注甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星400mg/d，疗程5d。结果：治愈率86．7％，有效率93．3％，只有2例（2％）出现了轻度的皮疹；2例（2％）出现肝功能轻度升高反应。结论：甲磺酸左旋氧氟沙星不仅适用于泌尿道感染，而且安全，不良反应少。     

克林霉素治疗细菌感染60例

目的：评价国产克林霉素磷酸酯的临床疗效和安全性。方法：细菌感染病人６０例（男性３９例，女性２１例；年龄４６±ｓ１７ａ），其中呼吸道感染４９例，尿路感染４例，皮肤软组织感染和急性骨髓炎各３例，败血症１例。用克林霉素磷酸酯１．２～２．４ｇ／ｄ，分２～３次静脉滴注，疗程７～１４ｄ。结果：治疗后临床有效率８５％，痊愈率６２％，细菌清除率９０％，不良反应少而轻微，皮疹和一过性ＡＬＴ升高的发生率分别为５％和２％。结论：国产克林霉素磷酸酯治疗需氧革兰阳性菌感染疗效好且安全。