不同透析膜对维持性血液透析患者B细胞活化的影响

目的　观察尿毒症患者反映B细胞活化的血清sCD2 3 浓度水平的变化及不同种类透析膜对维持性血液透析患者血清sCD2 3 水平的影响。方法　采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测尿毒症非透析患者 ,及使用不同种类透析膜透析器初用及复用 5次时分别观察透析过程中患者血清sCD2 3 水平的变化。结果　尿毒症血液透析患者透析前及尿毒症非透析患者血清sCD2 3 较正常对照组显著增高。血透过程中尿毒症血透患者血清sCD2 3 分子浓度水平规律性的变化。不同类型透析膜中 ,醋酸纤维素膜 (CA)对血清sCD2 3 的影响显著大于血仿膜 (HE)和聚砜膜 (PS) ;透析器复用对血透患者血清sCD2 3 水平无明显影响。结论　血透过程中血清sCD2 3 分子浓度水平规律性的变化 ,是导致机体免疫力下降的可能原因之一。HE膜和PS膜生物相容性优于CA膜 ,透析器复用可改善透析膜的生物相容性     

透析器复用对尿毒症血液透析患者P选择素水平的影响

 目的观察维持性血液透析治疗尿毒症患者血清P选择素水平的变化,探讨透析器复用对血液透析患者血小板活化程度的影响.方法采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测尿毒症维持性血液透析患者初用和复用透析器时患者血清P选择素水平的变化,并加以比较.同时检测健康查体和尿毒症非透析患者的P选择素水平作为对照.结果尿毒症血液透析治疗患者透析前及尿毒症非透析患者血清P选择素水平均较健康查体对照组显著增高.尿毒症患者透析开始15 min后,P选择素水平与透前比较即显著升高(P＜0.05);随着透析时间的延长,P选择索水平进一步上升.复用透析器透析时,透析患者P选择素水平升高的趋势随使用次数的增多而逐渐下降(P＜0.05).结论血液透析可导致尿毒症患者P选择素水平显著升高,血液透析过程中血-透析膜间相互作用所致的血小板活化可能是导致血透患者发生出、凝血相关透析并发症的重要原因之一,而透析器复用可在一定程度上减少这一现象的发生.     

维持性血液透析患者外周血单个核细胞早期凋亡

目的　研究维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)早期凋亡 (Annexin V)。　方法　应用流式细胞仪 (FCM)定量检测终末期肾衰竭未透析患者 (ND)、醋酸纤维膜透析患者 (CA)、聚砜膜透析患者 (PS)和健康自愿者 (C)各10例的 PBMC体外无刺激培养 2 4 h后 Annexin V的表达。　结果　 ND组 Annexin V表达显著高于 C组和 PS组 ,CA组显著高于 C组和 PS组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 PS组与 C组、CA组与 ND组差异不显著。 Annexin V与 Ccr间呈显著负相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　透析和尿毒症本身可诱导外周血单个核细胞凋亡增加 ,生物相容性较好的透析膜可减轻细胞凋亡     

血透对尿毒症患者外周血中性粒细胞黏附分子表达的影响

 目的 观察血透时外周血中性粒细胞黏附分子(cell adhesion molecules, CAMs)CD62L、CD11a、CD11b、CD54表达的变化规律,以及不同透析膜对上述细胞黏附分子表达的影响.方法 实验分为血透组和健康对照组,同时血透组又分为铜仿膜组和聚砜膜组;流式细胞仪检测各组外周血中性粒细胞黏附分子CD62L、CD11a、CD11b、CD54的表达.结果 血透组中性粒细胞CD11b表达明显升高,CD62L和CD54表达明显降低;透析不久后,可见2透析组CD11b表达明显上调,CD62L和CD54表达下调.透析结束时CD11b、CD62L及CD54恢复透析前水平;CD11a变化不明显;铜仿膜组CD11b表达较聚砜膜组明显上调(P<0.05).结论 维持性血透可影响中性粒细胞的活性,使细胞表面黏附分子的表达发生规律变化,从而影响尿毒症患者的免疫力,可能增加了感染的机会.黏附分子表达与使用的透析膜的生物相容性相关.     

不同通量和膜面积的聚砜膜血液透析器对维持性血液透析患者血磷清除的效果观察

目的比较不同通量和不同有效膜面积的聚砜膜透析器对维持性血液透析患者血磷清除的效果。方法选择2011年1—4月在我院血液透析中心治疗的46例稳定的维持性血液透析患者,分别先后采用有效膜面积不同的低通量聚砜膜血液透析器(F6HPS、F8HPS)和高通量聚砜膜血液透析器(FX60、FX80)进行单次血液透析治疗。比较四组患者治疗前后的肌酐、尿素氮、血磷等指标。结果 (1)各组透析器血液透析后血磷水平均明显下降,FX60、FX80、F6HPS、F8HPS组血磷下降率平均为61.6%、59.3%、53.6%、53.9%。(2)相同有效膜面积的透析器中高通量透析器组血磷下降率优于低通量透析器组(P<0.05)。(3)同样通量的透析器中不同有效膜面积的透析器血磷下降率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论高通量透析器较低通量透析器能更加有效地降低血磷,不同有效膜的透析器在降低血磷方面没有明显的差异。     

成人多囊肾尿毒症伴肉眼血尿的吸附法无肝素透析

成人多囊肾尿毒症伴肉眼血尿的患者在行血液透析治疗时,应用肝素抗凝常使血尿症状加重。小剂量肝素或用生理盐水冲洗等方法亦有造成透析器内凝血等缺点。采用血仿膜透析器吸附法无肝素透析为近年来开展的新技术,我院自１９９５年来给此类患者应用１１２例次,效果良好。１　临床资料成人多囊肾尿毒症患者３例,均为男性。年龄４３～４９岁,病程９～１２ａ。伴肉眼血尿病史１月～１ａ。２　方法采用瑞典金宝公司阿克苏血仿膜透析器（膜面积１１ｍ２）。预充透析器和血路管后,以含肝素钠１００ｍｇ的生理盐水５００ｍｌ闭式循环２０ｍｉ…     

维持性血透患者血浆肾上腺髓质素水平的研究

应用放射免疫法(RIA)观察了32倒尿毒症维持性血液透析(HD)患者透析前后血浆肾上腺髓质素(AM)的变化,并测定了25例正常人进行对照,发现尿毒症患者AM较正常人明显增高,血透后无明显变化,血浆AM水平与血浆BUN、ET、ANP、TXB_2/6-酮及平均动脉压有明显的正相关关系,与ATll、TXB_2,6-酮无相关性.结果提示维持性血液透析患者AM升高可能与尿毒症患者血压增高,做为病理性修饰及某些血管活性物质平衡调节有关.     

阿司匹林治疗高凝血液透析患者15例临床观察

维持性血液透析患者中有部分高凝血状态,在透析时常在透析器中凝血,降低了透析效果。笔者从1995年起用阿司匹林治疗此类患者,取得良好的疗效。 1 对象与方法 1.1对象 15例终末期尿毒症患者,男13例,女2例,年龄29～62岁,透析年限2～7年。血红蛋白90～130g/L(平均110g/L),血小板(110～150)×10~9/L(平均140×10~9/L)。15例患者常规血液透析过程中反复出现透析器内严重凝血。     

不同肝素溶媒在血仿膜吸附法无肝素透析中应用的临床观察

目的探讨不同肝素溶媒行血仿膜吸附法无肝素透析的效果及可行性。方法对29例合并出血或有出血倾向的维持性血透患者,采用同一患者自身前后交叉对照的方法观察生理盐水(NS)和5%葡萄糖(GS)为肝素溶媒的透析效果。结果29例无一例出血加重,NS与5%GS两种肝素溶媒其透析器的BUN和Scr清除率无明显差别(P>0.05),但5%GS为肝素溶媒时透析器凝血情况明显低于NS(P<0.05)。结论在血仿膜吸附法无肝素透析中5%GS作为肝素溶媒的吸附效果优于NS。     

高通量透析器在血液透析患者中的护理分析

目的：探讨对血液透析患者使用高通量透析器的护理方法及效果。方法：对我院26例维持性血液透析的患者使用高通量透析器进行高通量血液透析治疗,并给予严密的护理方法,分别在透析前、透析3个月后对血清β2-微球蛋白、血清尿素氮、肌酐的进行测定并进行对比。结果：经治疗后,患者的β2-微球蛋白、血清尿素氮、肌酐均较治疗前减轻,无相关并发症发生。结论：使用高通量透析器对患者进行高通量血液透析治疗能有效的减低β2-微球蛋白、血清尿素氮、肌酐的含量,但需严格的护理干预保证透析的顺利完成。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.