Body mass index and physical activity and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Purpose

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of the association between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity and diverticular disease risk.

Methods

PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to February 7, 2017. Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model and nonlinear associations were modeled using fractional polynomial models.

Results

Six cohort studies of BMI and diverticular disease risk (28,915 cases, 1,636,777 participants) and five cohort studies of physical activity and diverticular disease risk (2080 cases, 147,869 participants) were included. The summary relative risk (RR) of incident diverticular disease for a 5 unit BMI increment was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.18–1.40, I ²?=?77%, n?=?6) for diverticular disease, 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09–1.56, I ²?=?74%, n?=?2) for diverticulitis, and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.04–1.40, I ²?=?56%, n?=?3) for diverticular disease complications. There was no evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and diverticular disease risk (p _nonlinearity?=?0.22), and risk increased even within the normal weight range. Compared to a BMI of 20, the summary RR for a BMI of 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, 30.0, 32.5, 35.0, 37.5, and 40.0 was 1.15 (1.07–1.23), 1.31 (1.17–1.47), 1.50 (1.31–1.71), 1.71 (1.52–1.94), 1.96 (1.77–2.18), 2.26 (2.00–2.54), 2.60 (2.11–3.21), and 3.01 (2.06–4.39), respectively. The summary RR was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63–0.93, I ²?=?54%, n?=?5) for high vs. low physical activity and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57–0.97, I ²?=?39.5%, p _{heterogeneity}?=?0.20, n = 2) for high vs. low vigorous physical activity.

Conclusions

These results suggest that even moderate increases in BMI may increase the risk of diverticular disease as well as diverticular disease complications and that a higher level of physical activity may reduce the risk.

     

国内公共卫生类期刊文献抽样设计质量调查表信效度评价

  目的  了解上海市嘉定区社区居民常见慢性病多病共患现状及其影响因素, 为社区居民常见慢性病多重患病的综合防控提供参考依据。  方法  于2019年7 — 9月采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法在上海市嘉定区抽取3 个街镇12个居委会/村10053名20～75岁常住户籍居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。  结果  上海市嘉定区10053名社区居民中, 患多种慢性病者4920例,慢性病多病共患率为48.94 %;在4920例多病共患慢性病者中,患2种慢性病者1 988例（40.41 %）,患3种慢性病者1314例（26.71 %）,患 ≥ 4种慢性病者1618例（32.89 %）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、年龄 ≥ 30岁、未体育锻炼和睡眠质量差是上海市嘉定区社区居民常见慢性病多病共患的危险因素;不吸烟、睡眠质量好和不吃甜食是上海市嘉定区社区居民常见慢性病多病共患的保护因素。  结论  上海市嘉定区社区居民慢性病多病共患率较高, 性别、年龄、吸烟情况、体育锻炼情况、睡眠质量和甜食喜好是当地社区居民常见慢性病多病共患的主要影响因素。     

Dietary fibre intake and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

European Journal of Nutrition - A high intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a reduced risk of diverticular disease in several studies; however, the dose–response relationship...     

Body mass index and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study

High body mass index has been associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and, recently, Alzheimer's disease. There are few data on the association of body mass index with Parkinson's disease, and results have been inconsistent. The authors conducted a prospective study among 10,812 men in the Harvard Alumni Health Study, followed from 1988 to 1998 (mean age at baseline: 67.7 years), to test the hypothesis that body mass index is associated with Parkinson's disease risk. Among 106 incident cases of Parkinson's disease, body mass index at baseline was not associated with Parkinson's disease risk (for body mass index <22.5, 22.5-<24.9, and > or =25.0 kg/m2: multivariate relative risks = 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 2.40), 1.00 (referent), and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.41)). The authors had information on body mass index during late adolescence, when men entered college; this was unrelated to Parkinson's disease risk as well. Subjects who lost at least 0.5 units of body mass index per decade between college entry and 1988 had a significantly increased Parkinson's disease risk, compared with men having stable body mass index (multivariate relative risk = 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 6.10). The authors conclude that body mass index is unrelated to Parkinson's disease risk and speculate that the observation of increased risk with body mass index loss since late adolescence may reflect weight loss due to Parkinson's disease that preceded clinical diagnosis.     

睡眠时间能否预测心血管疾病风险相关前瞻性研究的系统综述与Meta分析

为探讨睡眠时间与冠心病、卒中和心血管疾病发病风险间的关系,英国学者对文献做了Meta分析.研究的入选标准为:随访时间＞3年的成年人前瞻性研究;基线时调查了睡眠时间;结局事件包括冠心病、卒中或心血管疾病.最后共纳入了15项研究(24个队列)的474 684名研究对象(随访时间6.9～25.0年).使用随机效应模型合并了入选研究的相对危险度(RR)及其95％置信区间(CI),作者对效应结果进行了评估.     

Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

BackgroundLow serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) has recently been linked to cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes evidence from prospective studies evaluating the prognostic value of 25-OH-D for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.MethodA systematic literature search in EMBASE and Pubmed-Medline databases was performed until November 2009. Prospective studies published in English were selected reporting estimates for the association of 25-OH-D with primary or secondary cardiovascular event incidence or mortality in the general population or subjects with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Pooled risk estimators were derived by meta-analysis using a random effects model approach.ResultsFour incidence and five independent mortality studies were included. Two incidence and three mortality studies reported a two- to five-fold risk increase for both outcomes in subjects with lower 25-OH-D, while the others did not detect a significant association. Meta-analysis supported the existence of an inverse association.ConclusionData from prospective investigations suggest an inverse association between 25-OH-D and cardiovascular risk. However, given the heterogeneity and small number of longitudinal studies, more research is needed to corroborate a potential prognostic value of 25-OH-D for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.     

Physical activity and risk of venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

European Journal of Epidemiology - The inverse association between physical activity and arterial thrombotic disease is well established. Evidence on the association between physical activity and...     

Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies

PURPOSE: For this report, we examined the relationships between the conditions of being overweight and obese and mortality from all causes, heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. METHODS: We defined the categories of body weight according to level of body mass index, BMI=wt(kg)/ht(m)2, using classifications suggested by the National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization. These classifications are as follows: "normal weight" is defined as BMI > or = 18.5, but less than 25; "overweight" equals BMI > or = 25, but less than 30; and "obese" individuals have BMIs > or = 30. Our investigation is based on person-level data from 26 observational studies that include both genders, several racial and ethnic groups, and samples from the US and other countries. The database consists of 74 analytic cohorts, arranged according to natural strata including gender, race, and area of residence. It includes 388,622 individuals, with 60,374 deaths during follow-up. We use proportional hazards models to examine the relationships between the BMI categories and mortality, controlling for age and smoking status. We use random-effects models to assess summary relative risks associated with the overweight and obesity conditions across cohorts. RESULTS: The relative risks among the heaviest individuals for overall death, death caused by coronary heart disease (CHD), and death caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) are 1.22, 1.57, and 1.48, respectively, when compared with the those within the lowest BMI category. The summary relative risk among the heaviest participants for death from cancer is 1.07. CONCLUSIONS: We document once again, excess mortality associated with obesity. Our results do, however, question whether the current classification of individuals as "overweight" is optimal in the sense, since there is little evidence of increased risk of mortality in this group.     

Body mass index and age at natural menopause: an international pooled analysis of 11 prospective studies

Current evidence on the association between body mass index (BMI) and age at menopause remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between BMI and age at menopause using data from 11 prospective studies. A total of 24,196 women who experienced menopause after recruitment was included. Baseline BMI was categorised according to the WHO criteria. Age at menopause, confirmed by natural cessation of menses for ≥ 12 months, was categorised as < 45 years (early menopause), 45–49, 50–51 (reference category), 52–53, 54–55, and ≥ 56 years (late age at menopause). We used multinomial logistic regression models to estimate multivariable relative risk ratios (RRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between BMI and age at menopause. The mean (standard deviation) age at menopause was 51.4 (3.3) years, with 2.5% of the women having early and 8.1% late menopause. Compared with those with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), underweight women were at a higher risk of early menopause (RRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.50–3.06), while overweight (1.52, 1.31–1.77) and obese women (1.54, 1.18–2.01) were at increased risk of late menopause. Overweight and obesity were also significantly associated with around 20% increased risk of menopause at ages 52–53 and 54–55 years. We observed no association between underweight and late menopause. The risk of early menopause was higher among obese women albeit not significant (1.23, 0.89–1.71). Underweight women had over twice the risk of experiencing early menopause, while overweight and obese women had over 50% higher risk of experiencing late menopause.     

Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and the risk of preeclampsia:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and gestational weight gain throughout pregnancy with the incidence of pree...     

Tobacco smoking and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease and stroke, however, data regarding smoking and sudden cardiac death have not been summarized in a meta-analysis previously. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this association. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies of smoking and sudden cardiac death up to July 20th 2017. Prospective studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking and sudden cardiac death. Summary RRs were estimated by use of a random effects model. Twelve prospective studies were included. The summary RR was 3.06 (95% CI 2.46–3.82, I² = 41%, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.12, n = 7) for current smokers and 1.38 (95% CI 1.20–1.60, I² = 0%, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.55, n = 7) for former smokers compared to never smokers. For four studies using non-current (never + former) smokers as the reference category the summary RR among current smokers was 2.08 (95% CI 1.70–2.53, I² = 18%, p_{heterogeneity} = 0.30). The results persisted in most of the subgroup analyses. There was no evidence of publication bias. These results confirm that smoking increases the risk of sudden cardiac death. Any further studies should investigate in more detail the effects of duration of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, pack-years, and time since quitting smoking and sudden cardiac death.     

Food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the relation between intake of 12 major food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar for prospective studies investigating the association between whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) on risk of T2D. Summary relative risks were estimated using a random effects model by contrasting categories, and for linear and non-linear dose–response relationships. Six out of the 12 food-groups showed a significant relation with risk of T2D, three of them a decrease of risk with increasing consumption (whole grains, fruits, and dairy), and three an increase of risk with increasing consumption (red meat, processed meat, and SSB) in the linear dose–response meta-analysis. There was evidence of a non-linear relationship between fruits, vegetables, processed meat, whole grains, and SSB and T2D risk. Optimal consumption of risk-decreasing foods resulted in a 42% reduction, and consumption of risk-increasing foods was associated with a threefold T2D risk, compared to non-consumption. The meta-evidence was graded “low” for legumes and nuts; “moderate” for refined grains, vegetables, fruit, eggs, dairy, and fish; and “high” for processed meat, red meat, whole grains, and SSB. Among the investigated food groups, selecting specific optimal intakes can lead to a considerable change in risk of T2D.     

孕妇的依恋类型与焦虑状况分析

目的了解上海某社区孕妇的焦虑状态及其与中医体质的相关性,为防治孕妇焦虑提供客观依据。方法对社区建档的381个孕妇,采用调查问卷形式,通过焦虑自评量表(SAS)和中医9种基本体质分类量表进行是否焦虑判定和体质分型,并分析焦虑状态及其与中医体质的相关性。结果总计调查381例孕妇,有焦虑状态91例(23.89%),其中焦虑孕妇以特禀(含兼夹特禀)78例(27.56%)、气郁(含兼夹气郁)89例(26.57%)、痰湿(含兼夹痰湿)86例(26.06%)、湿热(含兼夹湿热)82例(26.03%);非焦虑状态290例(76.11%),以平和质21例(100.00%)、气虚(含兼夹气虚)275例(75.34%)、阴虚(含兼夹阴虚)264例(75.21%)、阳虚(含兼夹阳虚)244例(74.16%);单因素分析结果显示,焦虑与体质分型里的平和、阳虚、血瘀、气郁、特禀及湿热体质以及与学历有显著的相关性(P＜0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,平和体质、气郁体质、特禀体质、以及学历与孕妇焦虑密切相关。结论该社区孕妇焦虑发生率23.89%,其中以特禀(含兼夹特禀)、气郁(含兼夹气郁)、痰湿(含兼夹痰湿)、湿热(含兼夹湿热)为最多见的体质类型。其中中专及以下学历焦虑发生率30.19%,高于平均发生率;气郁、特禀体质的孕妇更易发生焦虑。