超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞在结直肠癌根治术后镇痛的应用

目的 观察超声引导下腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞在结直肠癌根治术患者术后镇痛中的应用效果。方法 选择我院近两年全麻下行结直肠癌根治术患者50例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组各25例。A组手术结束后拔管前在超声引导下双侧TAP分别注射0.45%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20 mL,B组双侧TAP阻滞注射等量生理盐水。所有患者术后均使用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛泵。观察两组术后2、4、8、12、24 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),记录术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量,镇痛泵的按压次数,患者镇痛满意度及不良反应。结果 术后2、4、8、12和24 h A组VAS评分分别为(1.08±0.86)、(1.60±0.71)、(1.92±0.49)、(2.28±0.61)、(2.44±0.51),均低于B组(1.88±0.73)、(2.24±0.72)、(2.68±0.56)、(2.96±0.54)和(3.24±0.44);舒芬太尼用量A组(53.20±1.39)μg,B组(59.18±2.82)μg;镇痛泵按压次数A组(10.40±2.78)次,B组(22.36±5.63)次;患者镇痛满意度A组(9.12±0.78),B组(7.52±0.77);恶心呕吐情况比较A组2例,B组8例;上述各项指标差异除术后4hVAS评分外均有统计学意义,两组患者均无呼吸抑制出现。结论 超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于结直肠癌根治术患者的术后镇痛可以减少术后静脉镇痛药的使用量,降低阿片药物引起的不良反应发生率,并使镇痛效果更加完善,其定位准确,操作方便,损伤较小,安全性高,适合临床应用。     

甲状腺癌患者术后两种镇痛方案的镇痛效果观察

目的:观察两种镇痛方案对甲状腺癌患者术后镇痛质量的影响。方法:选择全身麻醉甲状腺癌手术患者60例,随机均分为两组。观察组镇痛方案为颈丛神经阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,对照组镇痛方案为PCIA。评价记录术后1、6、12、24、48 h视觉模拟镇痛评分（VAS）,48 h镇痛泵按压次数,术后头晕、恶心、呕吐发生率及术后恢复质量（QoR-15）评分。结果:观察组VAS评分、48 h镇痛泵按压次数均低于对照组,患者术后QoR-15评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;术后头晕、恶心、呕吐发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:颈丛神经阻滞联合PCIA的镇痛方案用于甲状腺癌根治术患者镇痛效果满意,提高了患者术后恢复质量,是有效的疼痛管理方案。     

超声引导下不同神经阻滞方法对乳腺癌根治术患者术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导下不同神经阻滞方法对乳腺癌根治术患者术后镇痛的影响。方法选择86例行乳腺癌根治术的患者,根据随机数字表法分为A组(45例)及B组(41例),A组采用超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞麻醉,B组采用胸神经阻滞麻醉,对比两组患者的镇痛持续时间、术后24 h舒芬太尼的使用量、两组T2~T6痛觉减退的比例、术后2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的VAS评分及镇痛期间的并发症。结果A组的镇痛持续时间短于B组,A组术后24 h舒芬太尼用量高于B组(P<0.05)。两组在T3~T6节段的痛觉减退比例对比无统计学意义,而B组在T2节段的痛觉减退比例明显高于A组(P<0.05)。术后2 h、4 h、6 h、12 h时,B组的VAS评分明显低于A组(P<0.05),术后24 h及48 h时,两组患者的VAS评分对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均无神经阻滞相关并发症及术后并发症。结论超声引导下胸神经阻滞的麻醉方法对乳腺癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果更好,值得临床推广应用。     

氟比洛芬酯或曲马多联合舒芬太尼在结肠癌根治术后镇痛中的疗效观察

目的比较氟比洛芬酯或曲马多复合舒芬太尼在结肠癌根治术后镇痛中的效果及并发症引发情况。方法选取ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者72例,随机分为氟比洛芬酯+舒芬太尼组(A组)和曲马多+舒芬太尼组(B组),各36例。比较2组患者术后苏醒拔管时间(T1)及定向力恢复时间(T2)、患者术后PCIA期间自控按压次数、术后4 h、12 h、24 h及48 h的镇痛评分及镇静评分、术后不良反应的发生情况。结果 2组患者术后苏醒拔管时间(T1)及定向力恢复时间(T2)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者术后PCIA期间的自控按压次数在4 h、12 h、24 h、48h时均无明显差异(P>0.05);2组术后4 h、12 h、24 h及48 h的镇痛及镇静评分比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后不良反应发生率A组为16.7%(6/36),B组为55.6%(20/36),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯联合舒芬太尼的术后镇痛效果与曲马多联合舒芬太尼相当,但不良反应的发生率较低。     

舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯用于开胸手术后镇痛的效果

目的观察舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯用于开胸手术后镇痛的效果。方法将择期行开胸手术患者75例随机均分为A、B、C组,各组于手术结束前30 min静脉给予氟比洛芬酯100 mg,术后48 h行患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),A组PCIA配方为舒芬太尼100μg加氟比洛芬酯150 mg,B组为芬太尼0.5～0.6 mg加氟比洛芬酯150 mg,C组为芬太尼0.8～1.0 mg。记录术后0、4、8、24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分,同时记录术后24 h PCIA按压次数及毒副反应。结果 3组患者术后SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、VAS、镇静评分、PCIA按压次数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后24 h A、B组恶心、呕吐、嗜睡的患者均少于C组。结论舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯用于开胸手术后镇痛效果好,毒副反应轻。     

0.375%罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胃癌根治术超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞中的镇痛效果及安全性

目的 探讨0.375%罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胃癌根治术超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞中的镇痛效果及安全性。方法 依据罗哌卡因的不同浓度将102例胃癌患者分为A组（n=50）和B组（n=52）,A组患者给予0.375%罗哌卡因超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞,B组患者给予0.250%罗哌卡因超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞。比较两组患者的静息及运动时疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）]、舒适度[舒适度量表（BCS）]、术后镇痛效果（首次按压镇痛泵时间、24 h内按压次数及舒芬太尼用量）、不良反应发生情况。结果 术后2、8、16、24 h,A组患者静息和运动状态下的VAS评分均低于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。术后2、8、16、24 h,A组患者的BCS评分均明显高于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）。两组患者术后首次按压镇痛泵时间、术后24 h内按压次数及舒芬太尼用量比较,差异均无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。A组患者不良反应总发生率为20.00%,与B组患者的23.08%比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 0.375%罗哌卡因在腹腔镜胃癌根治术超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞中的镇痛效果优于0....     

超声引导下竖脊肌阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者术后镇痛的效果观察

目的观察超声引导下竖脊肌阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者术后镇痛的效果。方法择期胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者150例,采用随机数字表法分为2组,神经阻滞组(N组)和PCIA组(P组)。N组在麻醉开始前对患者进行超声引导下竖脊肌阻滞;P组在手术结束后连接PCIA泵,药物配方为舒芬太尼100μg+昂丹司琼8 mg。记录术后4、12、24、48 h的静息和活动VAS疼痛评分,补救镇痛次数以及神经阻滞相关并发症等。结果与P组比较,N组术后4～24 h静息和活动VAS评分均明显降低,并且补救镇痛曲马多的用量更少,术后3天内,每天的最大疼痛评分均更低(P<0.05)。术后48 h内未发生穿刺部位出血、感染及局麻药不良反应;N组发生恶心呕吐3例(4.0%),P组发生恶心呕吐19例(25.3%),N组术后48 h内恶心呕吐的发生率明显低于P组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下竖脊肌阻滞对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者术后镇痛效果良好,不良反应小,可以作为术后镇痛的方法。     

PCIA联合PVB对肺癌开胸手术镇痛情况、舒芬太尼使用总量及安全性分析

目的 探讨静脉麻醉自控镇痛(PCIA)联合超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞(PVB)在肺癌开胸患者术后镇痛中的效果.方法 选取行全身麻醉下开胸肺癌根治术的60例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为联合组(术后采用PCIA联合PVB)和对照组(仅采取PCIA),每组各30例,对比两组在术后不同时间点的疼痛程度、术后舒芬太尼用量、患者血流动力学指标、血清炎性因子及不良反应发生情况.结果 术后4、8、16、24 h,联合组患者的VAS评分低于同时间点的对照组(P﹤0.05);术后即刻及术后4、8、16、24 h,联合组和对照组的SBP、DBP、HR水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);术后12、24 h,联合组患者的血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平低于对照组(P﹤0.05);联合组患者术后24 h的舒芬太尼用量及不良反应发生率均低于对照组(P﹤0.05).结论PCIA联合PVB在肺癌开胸患者术后镇痛中的效果优于单用PCIA,并且具有较高的安全性.     

胸椎旁神经阻滞复合全身麻醉联合静脉自控镇痛对老年肺癌根治术患者血流动力学、氧化应激及细胞因子的影响

目的 分析胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)复合全身麻醉联合静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)对老年肺癌根治术患者血流动力学、氧化应激及细胞因子的影响.方法 将98例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年患者按麻醉方式分为A(n=56)、B组(n=42),A组应用单纯全身麻醉联合PCIA自控镇痛,B组采用TPVB复合全身麻醉联合PCIA镇痛.比较两组患者手术前后不同时间点血流动力学指标[心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)]、氧化应激指标[去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)、血糖];记录两组患者术后不同时间视觉模拟法(VAS)评分的变化;统计两组患者术后24 h镇痛情况(PCIA泵按压次数及镇痛药物用量);测定术前、术后48 h两组患者肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(VC)、每分钟最大通气流量(MVV)、最大呼气中段流量(MMF)]及细胞因子水平[CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、自然杀伤(NK)细胞、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、转化生子因子-β1(TGF-β1)].结果 B组患者胸腔镜套管置入5 min(T1)、拔管时(T2)、拔管后30 min(T3)、术毕6 h(T4)的HR、NE、Cor及血糖均低于A组,T1、T2、T4点MAP均低于A组(P﹤0.05).B组患者术后不同时间VAS评分均低于A组(P﹤0.05).B组患者术后24 h PCIA按压次数、瑞芬太尼用量、地佐辛用量均少于A组(P﹤0.05).B组患者术后48 h FEV1、VC、MVV、MMF均高于A组(P﹤0.05).B组患者术后48 h CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞水平高于A组,IL-6、TGF-β1均低于A组(P﹤0.05).两组患者不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 TPVB复合全身麻醉联合PCIA用于老年肺癌根治术中可减少患者血流动力学波动,减轻氧化应激反应及机体免疫抑制,降低炎症反应,提高镇痛效果,促进术后肺功能恢复.     

胸段硬膜外阻滞与胸椎旁阻滞对开胸肺叶手术后镇痛效果及肺功能的影响

目的 探讨胸段硬膜外阻滞与胸椎旁阻滞对开胸肺叶手术后镇痛效果及肺功能的影响.方法 收取行开胸肺叶手术的肺癌患者75例作为研究对象,随机分为A、B两组,A组37例患者术后采用胸段硬膜外阻滞,B组38例患者术后采用胸椎旁阻滞.对比两组患者T0(入室时)、T1(切皮时)以及T2(缝皮时)时生命体征,手术后6 h、12 h、24 h以及48 h时疼痛镇静评分、肺功能以及并发症发生情况.结果 T1时A组患者平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)明显高于T0时及B组T1时,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者术后VAS疼痛评分及Ramsay镇静评分比较均无显著差异(P>0.05).两组患者术后用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及呼气中期流速(MMEF75/25)均较术前明显下降,且A组患者FVC及FEV1较同时间点B组下降更加明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组患者并发症发生率为27.03%,远高于B组并发症发生率(7.89%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 胸椎旁阻滞与胸段硬膜外阻滞镇痛效果相当,但对患者肺功能早期恢复具有积极的意义,可减少并发症发生,值得临床开展应用.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Sarcopenia is associated with survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma treated with systemic chemotherapy

International Journal of Clinical Oncology - Sarcopenia impacts perioperative outcomes and prognosis in various carcinomas. We aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia at the time of chemotherapy...     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

超声心动图诊断26例心脏黏液瘤

应用经胸二维超声心动图（2DE）、彩色血流显像（CDFI）及频谱多普勒显像（Doppler）诊断26例心脏黏液瘤（27个瘤体）,对团块的位置、数目、大小、形状、瘤蒂附着点和活动度、心腔内及瓣膜口血流等进行探查及分析．认为心脏超声检查是心脏黏液瘤的首选检查方法,具有实时、经济、简便易行等优点。     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs