血管内皮生长因子、p53在卵巢上皮癌中表达的临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和癌基因p53在卵巢上皮癌表达的相关性及其与卵巢上皮癌临床病理因素的关系以及对卵巢癌患者预后的影响。方法:用免疫组化二步法检测73例卵巢上皮肿瘤组织中VEGF、p53蛋白的表达(良性上皮瘤24例,交界性上皮瘤7例,上皮性癌42例)。结果:VEGF在卵巢上皮肿瘤组织中的表达,恶性组阳性表达率(86.36 %)明显高于交界性组(66.67 %)及良性组(37.50 %)(P<0.005);在恶性组中,VEGF表达在不同的病理分级、临床分期中无明显差异(P>0.05)。p53在卵巢上皮肿瘤组织中的表达,恶性组阳性表达率(76.19 %)明显高于交界性组(28.57 %)及良性组(9.09 %)(P<0.01)。在恶性组中临床晚期患者p53阳性表达率(89.29 %)高于早期患者(50.00 %)(P<0.01);在不同的病理分级中p53阳性表达率无明显差异。VEGF与p53在卵巢上皮癌中的表达呈正相关,(r =0.571 4,P<0.01)。VEGF、p53表达双阴性患者的3 a生存率66.7 %(2/3)明显高于VEGF 、p53表达双阳性患者20.00 %(5/25)。结论:VEGF与p53表达呈正相关,和卵巢癌生物学特性有关,可作为估计卵巢癌预后的重要因素。     

骨巨细胞瘤组织中p53和VEGF表达的意义

目的:探讨p53、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达与骨巨细胞瘤血管新生、肿瘤增殖、转移及复发的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测82例骨巨细胞瘤标本p53、VEGF、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferation cell muclear antigen, PCNA)、CD34表达,分析其与骨巨细胞瘤转移、复发的关系。结果: p53、VEGF 的阳性率分别为31 70%、57. 32%。VEGF阳性组p53阳性率为44. 68 %,增殖指数(proliferation index,PI)值、微血管密度(microvessel density, MVD)值分别为(55. 81±23 .42)%和(35. 17±12. 58)条,VEGF阴性组p53阳性率为14 .29 %, PI 值、MVD 值分别为(42 .41±25 .43)%和(24. 69±8 .66)条,不同VEGF表达组间p53表达、PI值、MVD值差异有统计学意义,P<0 .05(P值分别为0 .003、0 .016和0 .000),且MVD值、PI值与VEGF表达强度正相关,P<0 .05 (P值分别为0 .000和0 .004)。复发组VEGF、p53的阳性率分别为75 .86%和48. 28%,未复发组VEGF、p53的阳性率分别为47. 17%和22 .64%,两组间VEGF、p53的表达差异有统计学意义,P<0 .05(P值分别为0. 012和0. 017)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,VEGF、p53及手术方式对复发有显著影响,P<0 .05(P值分别为0 .027、0 .033和0 .009)。其中VEGF、p53为促进肿瘤     

良性脑膜瘤的MRI表现与肿瘤复发之间的关系

目的 探究良性脑膜瘤的MRI表现与肿瘤复发之间的关系.方法 选取50例良性脑膜瘤患者为研究对象,依据是否复发分为复发组(10例)及原发组(40例),采用Logistic回归分析对良性脑膜瘤的MRI表现与肿瘤复发之间的关系进行分析.结果 复发组与原发组肿瘤部位、肿瘤形态、累及部位、肿瘤最大直径比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果提示累及颅内重要结构为良性脑膜瘤复发的独立风险因素(OR=3.822,95％ CI=2.340～6.085,P＜0.05).结论 累及颅内重要结构的良性脑膜瘤患者肿瘤复发风险增加,MRI检查可为临床判定是否复发及预后提供可靠帮助.     

脑膜瘤细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl—2、p53蛋白的表达

目的 探讨脑膜瘤自发性细胞凋亡相关基因bcl-2、p53蛋白在脑膜瘤中的表达及其意义。方法 采用TUNEL法和免疫组化S－P法检测40例脑膜瘤中细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2,p53蛋白的表达。结果 恶性和非典型脑膜瘤中的细胞凋亡指数（AI）明显高于良性脑膜瘤（P＜0．05）,良性脑膜瘤不同亚型之间bcl-2,p53表达无显著性差异（P＞0．05）;p53蛋白表达随脑膜瘤恶性程度增高而增强,具有显著性差异（P＜0．05）,p53阳性与阴性的脑膜瘤中的细胞凋亡指数无显著性差异;bcl-2蛋白表达与脑膜瘤细胞凋亡呈负相关。结论 恶性及非典型脑膜瘤中自发性细胞凋亡增多;凋亡是脑膜瘤恶性或不典型的1个重要的生物学行为;p53基因在脑膜瘤的恶变过程中发生重要作用,与脑膜瘤的恶性进展密切相关;bcl-2基因在脑膜瘤中可抑制细胞凋亡。     

脑膜瘤中NKCC-1和VEGF的表达与瘤周水肿的相关性

目的:探讨脑膜瘤中NKCC-1和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达与脑膜瘤瘤周水肿之间的关系.方法:通过免疫组织化学和Western blot检测61例人脑膜瘤标本NKCC-1和VEGF的表达,运用统计学方法分析其与瘤周水肿的关系.结果:脑膜瘤组织中NKCC-1、VEGF阳性率分别为52.5%(32/61)、57.4%(35/61),水肿脑膜瘤组织中NKCC-1、VEGF蛋白表达量及阳性率明显高于无水肿脑膜瘤组织(P<0.05),且NKCC-1、VEGF表达与瘤周水肿的发生呈正相关(r=0.314,P<0.05;r=0.482,P<0.05).此外,NKCC-1联合VEGF表达与瘤周水肿的相关系数明显升高(r=0.721,P<0.05).结论:NKCC-1、VEGF共同参与脑膜瘤瘤周水肿形成,所以NKCC-1和VEGF联合检测可作为判断脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的潜在指标.     

p53和ret在不同类型甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

[目的]研究p53和ret在不同类型甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及意义.[方法]采用免疫组化方法对p53和ret在不同类型甲状腺肿瘤中的表达情况进行检测,并比较表达的阳性率与临床特征的相关性.[结果] p53在结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺瘤和甲状腺癌中的阳性率分别为0、1.5％和38.9％.p53的表达与患者淋巴结转移有关.ret在结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺瘤和甲状腺癌的阳性率为0、3.1％和46.3％.ret表达与淋巴结转移和家族肿瘤史有关.p53和ret表达在良性的结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺腺瘤间无统计学差异.但在结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌,甲状腺瘤与甲状腺癌间均有统计学差异(P=0.000).4种不同类型的甲状腺癌间p53和ret表达阳性率有统计学差异(P＜0.01).[结论] p53和ret的免疫组化检测有助于判别良性与恶性甲状腺肿瘤.     

肺癌组织中p53和VEGF的表达及其临床意义

目的:了解 p53 和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)表达水平与肺癌临床病理特征之间的关系。方法: 采用免疫组化方法(二步法)检测 170 例肺癌组织中 p53 和 VEGF 的表达水平。结果:p53和 VEGF的阳性表达率分别为 48. 8%和47 .6%。p53和VEGF的表达水平与肺癌患者年龄、性别和组织学类型无相关性,P> 0 .05,与淋巴结转移、浸润和 pTNM 分期有关,P<0 .05(P值分别为0 026、0. 002和0 .012), p53与原发肿瘤大小和癌细胞分化程度有关,P<0 .05(P值分别为 0. 003 和 0 .037), VEGF则与原发肿瘤大小和癌细胞分化程度无关,P>0. 05(P值分别为0. 871和0. 677)。结论: p53和VEGF参与了肺癌的发生和发展过程,可以作为肺癌生物学水平的检测指标。     

良性脑膜瘤术后早期复发相关危险因素的 Ｌｏｇｓｔｉｃ回归分析

目的：探讨影响良性脑膜瘤（ＷＨＯⅠ级）患者术后 １年内复发的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性纳入 ２０１６年 １月至 ２０２０年 ３月乐山市人民医院神经外科收治 ５５７例 ＷＨＯⅠ级良性脑膜瘤患者作为研究对象;根据患者术后 １ 年内复发情况将其分为复发组和未复发组,采用单因素分析和多因素 Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ分析,筛选影响良性脑膜瘤术后早期 复发的独立危险因素。结果：５５７例良性脑膜瘤患者均术后随访 １年,其中有 ３４例复发,术后 １年复发率为 ６．１％ （３４／５５７）。单因素分析显示：年龄、术前癫痫发作、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、肿瘤形状、肿瘤边界、瘤周水肿、病理学类 型、手术切除程度（Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ分级）是影响良性脑膜瘤患者术后早期复发的相关因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）。多因素 Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归 分析显示,术前癫痫发作、肿瘤部位在近窦区域、肿瘤边界不清楚、瘤周水肿、手术切除程度为 Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ分级Ⅲ级是良 性脑膜瘤术后早期复发的独立危险因素（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：良性脑膜瘤患者术前癫痫发作、肿瘤部位在近窦区域、肿 瘤边界不清楚、有瘤周水肿、手术切除程度为 Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ分级Ⅲ级是术后早期复发的独立危险因素。建议对 ＷＨＯⅠ脑 膜瘤患者应尽可能进行 ＳｉｍｐｓｏｎⅠ级手术切除,并密切关注危险因素以降低复发风险。     

脑膜瘤组织中NKCC-1和VEGF的表达与瘤周水肿的相关性研究

目的:探讨脑膜瘤组织中钠钾氯协同转运蛋白1(NKCC－1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达与脑膜瘤瘤周水肿（PTBE）之间的关系。方法:以2017年1月至2019年1月我院接收的108例脑膜瘤患者作为此次研究对象,运用相关检测方法了解其NKCC-1和VEGF水平,借助统计学软件分析其与脑膜瘤PTBE之间的关系。结果:PTBE者NKCC-1、VEGF免疫组化评分及NKCC-1、VEGF蛋白表达量均高于无PTBE者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;108例患者中,NKCC-1高表达79例,低表达29例,高表达组中PTBE发生率为97.47%,低表达组中PTBE发生率为58.62%;VEGF高表达81例,低表达27例,其中高表达组中PTBE发生率为98.77%,低表达组中PTBE发生率为51.85%,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;NKCC-1、VEGF表达与脑膜瘤PTBE之间关系密切,且呈正相关（P＜0.05）,将NKCC-1与VEGF联合检验,与脑膜瘤PTBE相关性更强。结论:脑膜瘤组织中NKCC-1和VEGF的表达参与脑膜瘤PTBE的发生发展,与之呈正相关,可作为判断脑膜瘤瘤周水肿的潜在指标。     

VEGF和p53蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及在诊断甲状腺良、恶性肿瘤中的应用价值研究

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和p53蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达以及在良恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值.方法 选取甲状腺肿瘤患者100例,采用免疫组化技术检测组织中VEGF和p53蛋白的表达.结果 甲状腺恶性肿瘤VEGF和p53蛋白阳性表达率分别为62.90%和48.39%,明显高于甲状腺良性肿瘤(P<0.01);VEGF和p53蛋白在不同年龄、性别、TNM分期、病理类型及肿瘤直径的甲状腺恶性肿瘤患者中表达情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);甲状腺恶性肿瘤伴淋巴结转移患者VEGF和p53蛋白阳性表达率分别为93.10%和68.97%,明显高于不伴淋巴结转移患者(P<0.01);VEGF判断甲状腺恶性肿瘤灵敏度为62.90%,特异度为89.47%,阳性预测值为90.70%,阴性预测值为59.65%;p53蛋白判断甲状腺恶性肿瘤灵敏度为48.39%,特异度为84.21%,阳性预测值为83.33%,阴性预测值为50.00%;VEGF联合p53蛋白判断甲状腺恶性肿瘤灵敏度为70.97%,特异度为89.47%,阳性预测值为91.67%,阴性预测值为65.63%.结论 VEGF和p53蛋白表达上调可能与甲状腺恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移有关,同时在鉴别良恶性甲状腺肿瘤中有一定的应用价值.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.