盐酸羟考酮控释片与芬太尼透皮贴治疗中重度癌痛的疗效比较

目的：探讨盐酸羟考酮控释片和芬太尼透皮贴治疗中重度癌痛的效果,寻找治疗中重度癌痛的有效方法。方法选取中重度癌痛患者80例,利用随机数字表法分成盐酸羟考酮控释片组40例和芬太尼透皮贴剂组40例,比较两组患者用药后的疗效及不良反应。结果盐酸羟考酮控释片组患者不良反应如恶心、呕吐、便秘不良反应发生率高于芬太尼透皮贴剂组,差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;两组患者镇痛效果比较,差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论芬太尼透皮贴在治疗中重度癌痛中能达到和盐酸羟考酮控释片相似的镇痛效果,且不良反应发生率低于盐酸羟考酮控释片,安全性较好,可作为治疗中重度癌痛的方案之一。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合即释吗啡片缓解癌痛的疗效及不良反应分析

目的：探析癌痛进行即释吗啡片与盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合治疗的临床效果及不良反应。方法将90例癌痛患者,根据随机数字表法分为研究组、对照组,每组45例。研究组进行即释吗啡片与盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合治疗,对照组仅进行盐酸羟考酮片治疗,2组均治疗10 d。治疗后比较2组的临床效果;比较2组的起效时间及治疗前后VAS疼痛评分;比较2组的临床不良反应情况。结果研究组的临床有效率为80．0％,显著高于对照组的53．3％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;研究组的起效时间及治疗后的疼痛评分显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;研究组、对照组的不良反应发生率分别为8．9％、4．4％,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论癌痛患者进行即释吗啡片与盐酸羟考酮缓释片联合治疗,可显著缓解病痛,可靠安全,值得临床推广应用。     

奥施康定联合罗通定治疗老年晚期癌痛患者中重度疼痛的临床研究

目的：观察奥施康定（盐酸羟考酮缓释片）联合罗通定用于治疗老年晚期癌痛患者中重度疼痛的治疗效果、疼痛自我效能感、不良反应及生活质量改善情况。方法：将160例老年晚期中重度癌痛患者随机分为A、B、C三组,A组53例采用硫酸吗啡缓释片治疗,B组53例采用盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗,C组54例采用盐酸羟考酮缓释片联用罗通定治疗,根据患者疼痛控制情况调整患者用药剂量,从而达到有效的镇痛效果,并观察患者生活质量改善情况、不良反应及评定患者的疼痛自我效能感。结果：A组（硫酸吗啡缓释片组）总有效率为92．5％,B组（盐酸羟考酮缓释片组）总有效率为88．7％,C组（盐酸羟考酮缓释片＋罗通定组）总有效率为94．4％,三组总有效率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,B组盐酸羟考酮缓释片的最终滴定剂量为（204．03±30．45）mg/天,C组盐酸羟考酮缓释片的最终滴定剂量为（163．67±25．49）mg/天,C组与B组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;三组患者治疗后生活质量均较治疗前明显改善（P＜0．05）,与B组相比,C组的生活质量改善显著（P＜0．05）,但B组和A组相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;疼痛自我效能感较治疗前明显提高（P＜0．05）,与B组相比,C组的疼痛自我效能感更高（P＜0．05）;三组患者治疗过程中的不良反应以嗜睡和便秘常见,其次是恶心、呕吐,无呼吸抑制及成瘾性的发生。结论：罗通定可增强盐酸羟考酮的镇痛、镇静作用,降低其抑制癌痛的用药剂量,两者联用在治疗老年晚期癌痛患者中重度疼痛方面安全有效性高,不良反应小,生活质量明显提高,管理疼痛及疼痛相关症状的能力增强,具有重要的临床推荐价值。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂在肝功能受损中重度癌痛患者中的应用效果

目的探讨芬太尼透皮贴剂在肝功能受损中重度癌痛患者中的应用效果。方法探讨2016年5月至2018年6月间陕西省延安大学咸阳医院收治的伴随肝功能受损的122例中重度癌痛患者,采用随机数表法分为对照组与观察组,每组61例。对照组患者给予吗啡镇痛,观察组患者给予芬太尼透皮贴剂镇痛,两组患者镇痛观察时间为3个月,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评定并比较两组患者的疼痛评分,采用生活质量评分量表评定并比较两组患者的生活质量评分,记录并比较两组患者治疗过程中的爆发痛及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗第1个月、第2个月和第3个月的疼痛评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组治疗期间的爆发痛发生率为0. 0%(0/61),显著低于对照组的9. 8%(6/61),差异有统计学意义(2=6. 31,P <0. 05)。观察组治疗期间的恶心呕吐、便秘、头晕和嗜睡等不良反应发生率为4. 9%,显著低于对照组的24. 6%,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。治疗后,观察组的食欲、精神状态、与人交往、睡眠和日常生活等生活质量评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂在肝功能受损中重度癌痛患者中应用,能发挥很好的镇痛效果,且能降低爆发痛与不良反应发生率,提高患者的生活质量。     

盐酸羟考酮缓释片简化滴定法滴定和治疗中重度癌痛的有效性和安全性观察

目的：观察盐酸羟考酮缓释片简化滴定法滴定治疗中重度癌痛的临床疗效及安全性,为癌痛患者合理用药提供参考。方法：将我院胸部肿瘤科2017年5月20日至2019年7月20日收治的中重度癌性疼痛患者125例,采用盐酸羟考酮缓释片简化滴定法进行剂量滴定。观察用药后1h、12h、24h疼痛缓解率、前3日滴定完成率及1周后患者疼痛数字分级评分、疼痛缓解率、体力状况评分、生活质量评分及不良反应等。结果：125例中重度癌痛患者使用盐酸羟考酮缓释片后1h、12h、24h疼痛缓解率分别为61.6%、74.4%、88.8%,前1日、2日、3日滴定完成率分别为88.8%、93.6%、96.0%;治疗前、治疗1周后疼痛评分为4.15±1.71、1.39±0.84,差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.01),疼痛总缓解率为98.4%;治疗1周后患者体力状况、生活质量评分均较治疗前增加 (P＜0.01);不良反应发生率为84.0%。结论：采用盐酸羟考酮缓释片简化滴定法进行中重度癌痛的滴定和治疗能达到快速成功滴定并有效镇痛,治疗后患者的体力状况及生活质量明显改善,不良反应轻微,可作为临床上滴定和治疗中重度癌痛的优选方式。      

氨酚羟考酮片与盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛的疗效观察

目的 观察并比较氨酚羟考酮片与盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛的疗效和不良反应.方法 138例中重度癌痛患者随机分为A组和B组,分别接受氨酚羟考酮片与盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗2周,评价两组的疼痛疗效、生活质量和不良反应情况.结果 A组与B组治疗后NRS评分明显下降,与基线值比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),用药后3、7和14天两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组镇痛疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组治疗后的食欲、精神、睡眠、日常活动和人际交往5个因子都有明显改善,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组治疗后除食欲外其他4个因子和总分比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组和B组不良反应发生率分别为25.0％和17.9％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 氨酚羟考酮片与盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛均能起到明显作用,但治疗慢性癌痛盐酸羟考酮控释片的镇痛效果更佳,并且不良反应低.     

107例大剂量盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗中重度癌痛的有效性和安全性研究

目的探讨大剂量盐酸羟考酮缓释片(日剂量超过160 mg)治疗中重度癌痛患者的有效性和安全性。方法对2018年4月至2018年10月符合入组标准的107例患者进行回顾性研究,分析患者在达到大剂量前1天、大剂量治疗当日等5个时间点的疼痛评分、患者药物剂量和不良反应的发生情况。结果大剂量盐酸羟考酮完全缓解率(无痛患者比例)随治疗时间逐渐提高,治疗1周可达到6.54%。有效缓解率(疼痛评分≤3分患者比例)在治疗当日达到近50%,治疗1周可达到90%。患者治疗1周的盐酸羟考酮平均日剂量为228.88 mg。与大剂量盐酸羟考酮治疗前相比,大剂量盐酸羟考酮治疗后不良事件发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗当日不良事件发生率最高为10.28%,随治疗时间延长而逐渐减低。结论大剂量盐酸羟考酮可有效缓解中重度疼痛,患者耐受性良好,值得在中重度癌痛临床治疗上进行推广。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂或静脉吗啡泵维持治疗中重度癌痛疗效的临床观察

目的:观察和比较持续静脉泵入吗啡与芬太尼透皮贴治疗中重度癌痛的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择40例疼痛评分＞4的中重度癌痛患者,进行疼痛滴定后随机分为吗啡组(持续静脉泵入吗啡)与芬太尼组(芬太尼透皮贴)。观察和比较两组患者的镇痛疗效、镇痛维持时间、爆发痛发作次数及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,吗啡组和芬太尼组的NRS评分分别为(1.9±0.8)分和(2.2±1.0)分,均较治疗前明显降低(P＜0.05),但两组间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);吗啡组患者每天平均镇痛维持时间为(22.7±0.4)小时,爆发痛每天发作(1.0±0.3)次;芬太尼组每天平均镇痛维持时间为(20.14±1.2)小时,爆发痛每天发作(1.5±0.6)次,两组间的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。两组患者的不良反应以便秘多见,经对症处理后均可耐受。两组生活质量均得到明显提高。结论:持续静脉泵入吗啡及芬太尼透皮贴治疗中重度癌痛均可明显缓解患者的疼痛症状,镇痛效果及安全性相当。     

奥氮平辅助治疗肺癌骨转移重度疼痛及相关性焦虑、抑郁的临床观察

目的 探讨奥氮平辅助盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗肺癌骨转移患者的重度疼痛及其改善癌痛相关性焦虑与抑郁的疗效及不良反应.方法 将本院收治的85例肺癌骨转移重度疼痛患者随机分为观察组(43例)和对照组(42例),观察组口服奥氮平(5 mg·d-1,连用2周)同时给予盐酸羟考酮缓释片(开始剂量10 ～ 20 mg,q12 h,根据疼痛缓解程度,对剂量进行滴定调整,最大剂量100 mg/次);对照组则单纯口服盐酸羟考酮缓释片(用法用量同观察组).于治疗前后分别应用数字疼痛强度量表(NRS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价疼痛程度、焦虑、抑郁标准分及其变化和治疗有效率.结果 观察组治疗后NRS、SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);观察组疼痛、焦虑、抑郁的治疗有效率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);观察组口服奥氮平后的主要不良反应为便秘、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐、头晕、乏力.结论 奥氮平能够辅助盐酸羟考酮缓释片治疗肺癌骨转移重度疼痛患者,并且能够改善癌痛相关性焦虑与抑郁,疗效显著,不良反应轻,患者耐受性好.     

268例门诊癌痛患者镇痛药品用药分析

目的 分析评估某院近3年门诊癌痛患者麻醉镇痛药品的应用情况,探讨镇痛治疗策略,为临床合理应用该类药物提供依据.方法 选择门诊收治的268例癌痛患者为对象,记录其所用药品名称、用药量、使用天数、病种等,并进行逐份统计、整理、分析,比较治疗前后患者疼痛程度、生活质量等的差异.结果268例癌痛患者常用的阿片类镇痛药有5种,排序由高到低分别为盐酸羟考酮缓释片、芬太尼透皮贴剂、硫酸吗啡缓释片、盐酸吗啡片和磷酸可待因片.268例癌痛患者中,肺癌患者最多(26.5%);盐酸羟考酮缓释片的使用量最多;有36例患者用药时间超过1年.与治疗前相比,患者的痛感程度得到了缓解,疼痛数字评分(NRS)降低,卡氏功能状态评分(KPS)增加,治疗前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 门诊癌痛治疗基本符合WHO癌痛治疗原则,但仍存在一定的问题,有待于进一步规范完善.     

Antitumor effect of interferons with chemotherapeutic agents

The combined effect of human interferons and chemotherapeutic agents on human gastric cancer cell lines and a human pancreatic cancer cell line was studied in vitro. Interferons, when used as a single drug, showed inhibitory effects in the order, gamma greater than beta greater than alpha. However, there was no significant difference between the effects of natural and recombinant interferon. In combination therapy, the chemotherapeutic agents should be administered first, followed by administration of interferon(s), since this method showed the most inhibitory effect. Low concentration of 5-FU (0.001-0.01 microgram/ml) or methotrexate (0.01-1 microgram/ml) was able to inhibit the growth of cell lines when combined with interferon. These results suggested that in clinical use, low amounts of chemotherapeutic agents followed by administration of interferon(s) could be available with minimum side effects and with more pronounced anticancer effects.     

自我效能感干预对恶性肿瘤患者癌痛和化疗效果的影响

目的探讨自我效能感干预在恶性肿瘤化疗患者中的应用效果。方法将80例恶性肿瘤化疗患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上进行自我效能感干预,比较两组患者在癌痛、化疗效果和生活质量上的差异。结果两组患者的化疗效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组患者护理后的癌痛发生情况低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者在活动、日常生活、健康等生活质量方面的评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自我效能感干预能够增强恶性肿瘤患者的治疗信心,减少癌痛的发生,提高生活质量。     

Antitumor effect of trastuzumab for pancreatic cancer with high HER-2 expression and enhancement of effect by combined therapy with gemcitabine.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether trastuzumab has antitumor effect against pancreatic cancer and whether this effect is concordant with levels of HER-2, which is reportedly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. We also investigated whether the effect is potentiated in combined therapy with gemcitabine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using immunohistochemistry and FACScan, we analyzed HER-2 expression in 16 pancreatic cancer cell lines. The in vitro antiproliferative effect of trastuzumab, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of trastuzumab was investigated by (51)Cr release assay. The in vivo antitumor effect of trastuzumab, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, was evaluated in nude mouse xenograft growth. The survival benefit was evaluated in a Capan-1 orthotopic implanted nude mouse model. RESULTS: HER-2 expression of 2+ or more was observed in 10 and of 3+ in 2 of the 16 cell lines. No in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of trastuzumab was found in any cell line, but trastuzumab induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in proportion to HER-2 expression level. Trastuzumab inhibited tumor growth in Capan-1 (HER-2: 3+) xenografts and prolonged survival in the orthotopic model. These effects were increased by combined therapy with gemcitabine. In contrast, trastuzumab exhibited no antitumor effect against PANC-1 (HER-2: 1+) or SW1990 (HER-2: 2+) xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: The antitumor effect of trastuzumab in pancreatic cancer with high HER-2 expression was shown in vitro and in vivo. Clinical application of trastuzumab is expected in pancreatic cancer with 3+ HER-2 expression.     

谷氨酰胺治疗放射性口咽黏膜反应的疗效观察

目的探讨谷氨酰胺对放射性黏膜反应的治疗作用.方法对63例头颈部恶性肿瘤病人分成治疗组(放疗+谷氨酰胺)30例,对照组(放疗)33例进行疗效对比观察,两组放射治疗均采用常规分割方法,1.8～2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量65～76 Gy/6.5～8周;治疗组采用谷氨酰胺颗粒冲服,预防剂量为5g/次,2次/日;治疗剂量为5～7.5g/次,3次/日;两组均有放疗增敏化疗的病例,采用药物为顺铂20mg/日,连用5天,5-氟脲嘧啶500mg/日,连用5天,共用两个周期.结果按CTC 2.0版毒性分级标准,治疗组与对照组的黏膜反应发生率分别为0级20例和7例,1级9例和15例,2级1例和8例,3级0例和3例,两组均无4级毒性发生,两组统计学比较有极显著差异(P=0.001).结论谷氨酰胺对放射治疗引起的口腔黏膜反应有预防和治疗作用,并能减轻放疗与化疗并用引起的黏膜反应.     

Antitumoral effect of gamma-interferon in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

The antitumoral effect of gamma-Interferon (Re-IFN-gamma, KW-2202) on nine patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated. gamma-IFN was administered intravenously biweekly at a dose of 8-24 x 10(6) units/day for 5 consecutive days. As all patients had measurable disease determined by an abdominal CT, the antitumoral effect was evaluated by CT, according to the criteria of Koyama and Saito, During gamma-IFN therapy, one patient, who received a total of 4.4 x 10(8) units of gamma-IFN, achieved a partial response (PR) 133 days after onset of treatment. Another patient showed a minor response (MR) 43 days after start of therapy. The duration of the PR and MR were 7.8 weeks and 10.8 weeks, respectively. Two patients were assessed as having had no change (NC), and 5 patients as still manifesting a progressive disease (PD). Marked falls in serum alpha-fetoprotein levels during therapy were observed in 2 cases of which one was graded as having obtained a PR, and the other, a NC. The toxicities observed were fever, general malaise, headaches, and joint pains, which were slight and transient in most cases. In one case, however, a therapy was stopped because of a continuous and severe shoulder pain with no metastasis. Further studies on the use of IFN, possibly in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, should be performed in patients with HCC.     

Cardiotoxic effect of cytostatics in patients with breast cancer

Clinical and instrumental (ECG, PCG, ultrasonic cardiography and polycardiography) examination of cardiac activity in 98 breast cancer patients treated at the Center after Cooper established the cardiotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. 46% of them suffered pain in the region of the heart, tachycardia, extrasystole, atrial flutter and deranged conduction function. Congestive heart failure was observed in 7% only. In 24%, myocardial lesions could be detected by instrumental means only. They were identified on the basis of an increase in terminal diastole and systole volume and mass of the myocardium matched by a decrease in stroke volume, PCG amplitude, % delta S and VCF. Cardiac disorders did not persist and were hardly detectable during medication course intervals or one-two months after treatment.     

体外放疗在宫颈癌术前治疗的意义

目的: 观察体外放疗在宫颈癌Ⅱa-Ⅱb期术前治疗的意义.方法: 42例Ⅱa-Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者行体外放疗,放疗量40Gy,同时行静脉化疗1疗程,3周后行广泛全宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术.结果: 手术完全切除率100%,术后宫颈局部无癌细胞或仅残存少量癌细胞率64.3%,盆腔淋巴结转移率16.7%.术后并发症率23.8%.结论: 宫颈癌Ⅱa-Ⅱb期行化疗、体外放疗40Gy后再行根治术,可提高手术完全切除率,提高疗效.