联苯类PD-L1抑制剂的设计合成及生物活性评价

目的设计并合成新型联苯类PD-L1小分子抑制剂。方法以BMS-1018为先导化合物,通过变换苯环上取代基的相对位置,按照生物电子等排原理,结合分子对接技术,设计了3个系列联苯类目标化合物。采用均相时间分辨荧光法评价目标化合物对PD-1/PD-L1结合的抑制活性。结果与结论合成了10个未见文献报道的联苯类目标化合物,结构经~1H-NMR、ESI-MS谱确证。生物活性评价结果表明,大多数目标化合物对PD-L1显示不同程度的抑制活性。其中4个化合物A-1、A-3、A-4和C-2的活性较为突出,值得进一步研究。     

新型三嗪类白念珠菌SAP2抑制剂的设计、合成和生物活性研究

近年来,侵袭性真菌感染的发病率和死亡率不断上升,迫切需要研发具有新型作用模式的抗真菌药物。靶向毒力因子是一种新的抗真菌药物发现策略。分泌型天冬氨酸蛋白酶2 (SAP2)是一种毒力因子,是一种新兴的抗真菌靶点。然而,发现小分子SAP2抑制剂仍然是一个重大的挑战。本研究从前期筛选得到的三嗪类小分子SAP2抑制剂A12入手,经合理设计和结构优化后,化合物的SAP2抑制活性显著提高,并对其构效关系进行总结。其中化合物8a和8c在白念珠菌感染的体内模型中表现出良好的抗真菌活性。并且,该类化合物(8a和8b)对于真菌生物被膜具有较好的抑制作用。因此,三嗪类小分子SAP2抑制剂是一类具有研究前景的新型抗真菌先导化合物。     

新型双氢青蒿素哌嗪-磺酰胺类化合物的合成、结构及生物活性

以双氢青蒿素为起始原料,经酯化、胺化、酰化快速、高效地合成了7种新型磺酰胺类双氢青蒿素哌嗪衍生物。通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对所有化合物进行了结构确定。并用X-单晶衍射法对化合物3c进行了最终构型确证。同时,以CCK-8法对部分化合物进行了体外HeLa细胞毒性测试,初步测试结果表明:目标化合物对HeLa细胞有明显的抑制细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡的细胞毒活性,IC50最优值为0.14μmol·L-1。     

4-氨基嘧啶苯磺酰胺类化合物的设计、合成及PLK1抑制活性研究

目的 设计、合成一系列4-氨基嘧啶苯磺酰胺类化合物,评价化合物对PLK1(polo-like kinase 1)的抑制活性.方法 以4,6-二氯嘧啶和取代硼酸酯为原料,经Suzuki偶联、氨解反应制备目标化合物V1～V15;测试目标化合物的体外PLK1抑制活性.结果 与结论共合成15个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经M...     

SGLT2抑制剂的合成设计研究进展

钠－葡萄糖转运蛋白2（ SGLT2）的抑制剂为开发新型有效降糖药提供了新的方向,目前针对此类现有化合物进行结构改造、合成新化合物开发为新型的SGLT2抑制剂是药物研发的热点之一,本文将近年来所报道的此类化合物从结构改造方面作一分析和综述。     

2-位取代苯并呋喃类化合物的生物活性及合成研究进展

苯并呋喃衍生物是当前研究杂环芳香族化合物的热点之一。据文献报道该类化合物具有抗肿瘤,抗氧化,钙内流阻滞,血管紧张素II受体拮抗,腺苷A1受体拮抗,抗真菌、抗菌活性和血小板聚集拮抗等药理作用。由于苯并呋喃具有广泛活性,因此吸引很多学者对其进行研究。为了更好地研究该类化合物的合成和生物活性,本文对近几年来文献报道的具有良好生物活性的2-位取代苯并呋喃衍生物进行综述,并对它们的合成方法进行概括,为开发新型2-取代苯并呋喃类化合物提供参考。     

苯甘氨羟肟酸类化合物的设计、合成及其抑制炭疽致死因子的活性

目的设计、合成炭疽致死因子抑制剂,并测定其对炭疽致死因子的抑制活性和抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性,得到具有自主知识产权的抗炭疽致死毒素中毒药物。方法以LFI40为先导结构,依据其与炭疽致死因子结合的结构特征,设计了含苯环的羟肟酸类化合物;以D-对羟基苯甘氨酸为起始原料,依次经酯化反应、还原反应、氨基的保护和成醚反应、磺酰胺化反应以及酯基与羟胺的反应得到目标化合物;利用荧光多肽裂解试验、鼠类巨噬细胞样细胞系RAW 264.7模型和动物体内抵抗炭疽致死毒素(PA+LF)的药效研究,评价了目标化合物对炭疽致死因子的抑制活性和抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性,并对抑制炭疽致死因子活性的选择性进行研究。结果与结论合成了13个未见文献报道的目标化合物,其结构经~1H-NMR、MS谱确证;活性评价结果表明化合物I-1和I-11对炭疽致死因子具有较高的抑制活性和较好的选择性,并具有良好的抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性,其中,I-1抑制炭疽致死因子的活性和选择性以及抵抗炭疽致死毒素的活性不但与LFI40相当,而且其制备方法较为简单,值得进一步研究。     

芳香环并咪唑环类凋亡抑制蛋白抑制剂的设计、合成与抗肿瘤活性评价

目的设计并合成新的小分子凋亡抑制蛋白抑制剂。方法运用计算机辅助药物设计模拟靶蛋白与目标分子的结合作用,设计并合成新结构的化合物,以紫杉醇作为阳性对照,进行与多个凋亡抑制蛋白的结合实验和多个细胞系的抗肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性评价,并比较目标物对癌细胞的抑制率。结果合成两个系列共21个目标化合物,部分化合物表现出对多个凋亡抑制蛋白有强烈的抑制活性(纳摩尔级)和对多种肿瘤细胞的抑制能力,其中,ⅡA-1活性最为突出,对XIAP L-BIR2-BIR3抑制作用的IC50值为77.2 nmol·L-1;对乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231的抑制率为70.9%,相同条件下紫杉醇的抑制率仅为38.5%。结论合成的部分化合物有较好的活性,将为今后此类凋亡抑制蛋白抑制剂的研究奠定基础。     

微波辅助合成N-苯氧乙基苯磺酰胺类衍生物

目的 用微波反应合成了一系列N-苯氧乙基苯磺酰胺类衍生物.方法 以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)做溶剂,在K2CO3和溴化三乙基苄基铵(TEBA)相转移催化剂存在的情况下,利用微波辐射辅助合成N-苯氧乙基苯磺酰胺类衍生物.结果 合成了12个N-苯氧乙基苯磺酰胺类衍生物,并经1HNMR确证结构.结论 与传统的加热方法比较,微波缩短了反应时间,提高了合成产率.     

凋亡抑制蛋白抑制剂的设计合成与抗肿瘤活性评价

目的设计并合成具有抗肿瘤活性的小分子凋亡抑制蛋白广泛性抑制剂。方法运用基于靶点结构的药物设计策略改造前期得到的苗头化合物,设计合成新结构化合物,并进行多靶点的凋亡抑制蛋白家族（IAPs）结合实验和多个细胞系的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性评价。结果合成了25个新结构化合物,部分表现出较强的IAPs抑制活性和多种肿瘤细胞增殖抑制能力（微摩尔级别）,Ⅱc系列化合物显示出较强的ciAP1选择性（〉1000）。结论五元杂环烷当中的4s-甲基是化合物对两类IAPs产生选择性差异的结构基础。     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent c-Met inhibitors

c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a key role in several cellular processes but has also been found to be overexpressed and mutated in different human cancers. Consequently, targeting this enzyme has become an area of intense research in drug discovery. Our studies began with the design and synthesis of novel pyrimidone 7, which was found to be a potent c-Met inhibitor. Subsequent SAR studies identified 22 as a more potent analog, whereas an X-ray crystal structure of 7 bound to c-Met revealed an unexpected binding conformation. This latter finding led to the development of a new series that featured compounds that were more potent both in vitro and in vivo than 22 and also exhibited different binding conformations to c-Met. Novel c-Met inhibitors have been designed, developed, and found to be potent in vitro and in vivo.     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of ambenonium derivatives as AChE inhibitors

Ambenonium (1), an old AChE inhibitor, is endowed with an outstanding affinity and a peculiar mechanism of action that, taken together, make it a very promising pharmacological tool for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unfortunately, the bisquaternary structure of 1 prevents its passage through the blood brain barrier. In a search of centrally active ambenonium derivatives, we planned to synthesize tertiary amines of 1, such as 2 and 3. In addition, to add new insights into the binding mechanism of the inhibitor, we designed constrained analogues of ambenonium by incorporating the diamine functions into cyclic moieties (4-12). The biological evaluation of the new compounds has been assessed in vitro against human AChE and BChE. All tertiary amine derivatives resulted more than 1000-fold less potent than 1 and, unlike prototype, did not show any selectivity between the two enzymes. This result, because of recent findings concerning the role of BChE in AD, makes our compounds, endowed with a well-balanced profile of AChE/BChE inhibition, valuable candidates for further development. To better clarify the interactions that account for the high affinity of 1, docking simulations and molecular dynamics studies on the AChE-1 complex were also carried out.     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors

Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (pfLDH) is a key enzyme for energy generation of malarial parasites and is a potential antimalarial chemotherapeutic target. It is known that the oxamate moiety, a pyruvate analog, alone shows higher inhibition against pfLDH than human LDHs, suggesting that it can be used for the development of selective inhibitors. Oxamic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Derivatives 5 and 7 demonstrated activities against pfLDH with IC50 values of 3.13 and 1.75 muM, respectively, and have 59- and 7-fold selectivity over mammalian LDH, respectively. They also have micromolar range activities against Plasmodium falciparum malate dehydrogenase (pfMDH), which may fill the role of pfLDH when the activity of pfLDH is reduced. Thus, certain members of these oxamic acid derivatives may have dual inhibitory activities against both pfLDH and pfMDH. It is presumed that dual LDH/MDH inhibitors would have enhanced potential as antimalarial drugs.     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of monopyrrolinone-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors [(-)-6, (-)-7, (-)-23, (+)-24] based upon the 3,5,5-trisubstituted pyrrolin-4-one scaffold is described. Use of a monopyrrolinone scaffold leads to inhibitors with improved cellular transport properties relative to the earlier inhibitors based on bispyrrolinones and their peptide counterparts. The most potent inhibitor (-)-7 displayed 13% oral bioavailability in dogs. X-ray structure analysis of the monopyrrolinone compounds cocrystallized with the wild-type HIV-1 protease provided valuable information on the interactions between the inhibitors and the HIV-1 enzyme. In each case, the inhibitors assumed similar orientations for the P2'-P1 substituents, along with an unexpected hydrogen bond of the pyrrolinone NH with Asp225. Interactions with the S2 pocket, however, were not optimal, as illustrated by the inclusion of a water molecule in two of the three inhibitor-enzyme complexes. Efforts to increase affinity by displacing the water molecule with second and third generation inhibitors did not prove successful. Lack of success with this venture is a testament to the difficulty of accurately predicting the many variables that influence and build binding affinity. Comparison of the inhibitor positions in three complexes with that of Indinavir revealed displacements of the protease backbones in the enzyme flap region, accompanied by variations in hydrogen bonding to accommodate the monopyrrolinone ring. The binding orientation of the pyrrolinone-based inhibitors may explain their sustained efficacy against mutant strains of the HIV-1 protease enzyme as compared to Indinavir.     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 3,4-diarylmaleimides as angiogenesis inhibitors

The new analogue 2 of combretastatin A-4 was discovered to be an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization with an IC50 of 7.6 microM and reduced angiogenesis in the in vivo chick embryo model. Interestingly, in a series of 2,3-diarylmaleimides closely related to this lead, no other compound was found to be active in the tubulin polymerization assay. However, by screening in the in vivo chick embryo assay 10 was identified as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor indicating an alternative target. Indeed, molecular modeling studies suggest a reasonable binding mode of 10 at the ATP-binding site of the model kinase CDK2. Motivated by these results, analogues of 10 were screened for inhibitory activity in a panel of 12 selected protein kinases and a high affinity of 10 to VEGF-R2 was found showing an IC50 of 2.5 nM. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) for this compound series with the isolated enzyme and equivalent antiangiogenic activity in the chick embryo assay are presented herein.     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new 5,5-diarylhydantoin derivatives as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

A new group of 5,5-diarylhydantoin derivatives bearing a methylsulfonyl COX-2 pharmacophore at the para position of the C-5 phenyl ring were designed and synthesized as selective COX-2 inhibitors. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure-activity relationships identified 5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5-phenyl-hydantoin (4) as a highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2 IC(50) = 0.077 μM; selectivity index > 1298). It was more selective than the reference drug celecoxib (COX-2 IC(50) = 0.060 μM; selectivity index = 405). A molecular modeling study where 4 was docked in the binding site of COX-2 indicated that the p-MeSO(2) COX-2 pharmacophore group on the C-5 phenyl ring is oriented in the vicinity of the COX-2 secondary pocket. The results of this study showed that the type of substituent on the N-3 hydantoin ring substituent is important for COX-2 inhibitory activity.     

新型吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1抑制剂的设计及生物活性研究

目的 吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1（Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1,IDO1）催化色氨酸的氧化裂解,是色氨酸-犬尿氨酸途径中的关键限速步骤。在肿瘤组织中,肿瘤细胞高表达吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1,因此设计其小分子抑制剂有望成为有效的肿瘤免疫治疗药物。方法 本研究在前期高通量筛选发现的先导化合物LVS-19的基础上,通过分子对接模型,设计合成新型吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1抑制剂。结果 设计并合成5个衍生物。其中最优化合物6e测得的IC₅₀值为2.61 μmol·L^-1,相较于苗头化合物活性提高约3倍的。结论 本研究能为吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1抑制剂的结构修饰与改造提供理论依据。     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of chrysin derivatives as potential FabH inhibitors

New series of chrysin derivatives ( 4a – 4t ) were designed and synthesized by introducing different substituted piperazines at C‐7 position. Their inhibitory effects on FabH were evaluated using two Gram‐negative bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two Gram‐positive bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. To our delight, most of these compounds exhibited a dramatic increase in inhibitory potency, compared with the control positive drugs. Among them, compound 4s exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 5.78 ± 0.24 μm inhibiting E. coli FabH and potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli with MIC of 1.25 ± 0.01, 1.15 ± 0.12 μg/mL, respectively, comparing to the control positive drugs penicillin G (7.56 ± 0.30 μm ). Docking simulation was performed to position compound 4s into the FabH active site, and the result showed that compound 4s could bind well with the FabH as potent FabH inhibitor.