腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术中辅助切口行毕Ⅰ式吻合在原发性胃癌中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术中辅助切口行毕Ⅰ式吻合在原发性胃癌中的应用及并发症发生情况。方法选取2017年7月至2018年6月间宝鸡市第二人民医院收治的74例行腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术治疗的原发性胃癌患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组37例。观察组患者在全腹腔镜下行毕Ⅰ式吻合,对照组患者采用辅助切口行毕Ⅰ式吻合,比较两组患者的临床疗效、术中术后相关指标及并发症。结果两组患者临床总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。两组患者切口长度、术中出血量和淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);观察组患者消化道重建时间和手术时间均长于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组患者术后排气时间、术后拆线时间均较对照组短,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05);两组患者住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组患者并发症总发生率为5. 4%,低于对照组的24. 3%,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术采用全腹腔镜下行毕Ⅰ式吻合治疗原发性胃癌患者可取得良好的临床效果,并发症发生率低,临床可优先选择。     

腹腔镜辅助下远端胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效及安全性

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下远端胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效及安全性。方法选择宜昌市中心人民医院2010年8月至2013年8月间收治的68例进展期胃癌患者,按照临床前瞻性研究原则将患者分为腹腔镜治疗组(观察组)和远端胃癌D2根治术治疗组(对照组),观察两组患者手术相关指标、术后恢复情况以及治疗效果。结果与对照组比较,观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、进流质饮食时间、住院时间以及并发症中的切口感染、吻合口瘘的发生率均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。但清扫淋巴结总数、远切端距肿瘤距离均降低,近切端距肿瘤距离则增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者的存活率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助下远端胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌安全、有效,可达到与开腹手术相当的根治效果,近期疗效甚佳,并发症较少。     

腹腔镜辅助D2根治术对远端进展期胃癌患者肿瘤及复发转移相关指标的影响研究

目的 研究与观察腹腔镜辅助D2根治术对远端进展期胃癌患者肿瘤及复发转移相关指标的影响情况.方法 将行D2根治术治疗的70例远端进展期胃癌患者,根据手术方式的不同分为对照组(开腹手术组)35例和观察组(腹腔镜辅助手术组)(35例),然后分别检测两组患者手术前后的肿瘤标志物及复发转移相关指标水平并比较.结果 术前两组患者的肿瘤标志物及复发转移相关指标比较,P均＞0.05,而术后两组的上述指标检测结果均低于术前,且观察组复发转移相关指标水平均低于对照组,P均＜0.05,差异均有统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜辅助D2根治术对远端进展期胃癌患者的肿瘤及复发转移相关指标水平均有积极的影响,因此腹腔镜手术的临床应用价值较高.     

奥沙利铂和替吉奥联合多西他赛治疗胃癌根治术后患者的疗效观察

目的探讨奥沙利铂+替吉奥(SOX方案)化疗辅助胃癌根治术对进展期胃癌患者临床疗效的影响。方法选取2011年6月至2012年6月间西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的120例进展期胃癌患者,采用随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。两组患者均行胃癌D2根治术,术后1个月,两组患者均采用SOX方案治疗,观察组患者联合多西他赛治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果、围手术期指标、不良反应及生存时间。结果治疗后,两组患者的卡氏评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。两组患者的癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、CA72-4、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1)均较治疗前下降,且观察组患者均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组患者术后活检组织基质金属蛋白酶(MMP2)、MMP7和MMP9阳性表达均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组患者总生存时间和无瘤生存时间均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。两组患者均发生骨髓抑制、消化道反应、静脉炎和肝功能异常,但各发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论SOX方案联合多西他赛治疗胃癌患者,患者的治疗效果显著,安全性较好。     

腹腔镜D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的疗效及并发症。方法选取2014年3月至2016年1月间攸县人民医院收治的64例进展期胃癌患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,每组32例。观察组患者采用腹腔镜D2根治术,对照组患者采用传统开腹远端胃切除术。比较两组患者手术相关指标、术后1个月机体功能恢复情况、并发症发生率及1年生存率。结果观察组患者手术切口长度和手术用时少于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、开始进食时间、住院时间及术后胃部出血量均少于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率为12.5%,低于对照组患者的37.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者1年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌患者疗效显著,可减少手术用时和术后胃部出血量,促使患者康复,降低疾病病死率,安全性较高。     

加强饮食干预对快速康复胃癌术后患者营养状况的影响

目的探讨加强饮食干预对快速康复胃癌根治术后患者营养状况的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2018年3月间中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的行快速康复腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术治疗的100例患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组患者采用常规快速康复外科护理并发放"3日饮食记录",观察组患者在常规快速康复外科护理和发放"3日饮食记录"基础上加强患者饮食护理干预,比较两组患者饮食依从性、营养状况、住院时间及护理满意度。结果观察组患者饮食依从性为98. 0%,高于对照组患者的60. 0%,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。观察组患者住院时间比对照组患者短,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。满意度调查中,两组患者与加强饮食干预内容不相关5个维度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);而与加强饮食干预内容相关的6个维度中,观察组患者的满意度高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论加强快速康复饮食干预可提高腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术后患者饮食依从性、营养状况和护理满意度,促进患者身体恢复,缩短患者住院时间。     

两种腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床疗效观察

目的分析两种腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床应用效果。方法 2012年4月至2014年3月间收治的行腹腔镜胃癌根治术的胃癌患者50例,随机分为两组,分别实施腹腔镜下缝合重建的D2胃癌根治切除术(观察组)和腹腔镜辅助D2胃癌根治切除术(对照组)。结果 18例行腹腔镜下缝合重建的D2胃癌根治切除术,32例患者行腹腔镜辅助D2胃癌根治切除术,未出现中转开腹病例。观察组的手术时间显著长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的术中出血量和清扫淋巴结数目比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组的术后镇痛时间和术后首次下床活动时间均显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但两组的住院时间、术后住院时间、术后排气时间、并发症发生情况差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后随访,两组患者均未见复发现象。结论与腹腔镜辅助D2胃癌根治切除术比较,腹腔镜下缝合重建的D2胃癌根治切除术具有可以接受的手术时间和并发症发生率。     

细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞联合树突状细胞生物治疗辅助化疗对胃癌术后患者的治疗效果

目的观察细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞联合树突状细胞(DC-CIK)生物治疗辅助化疗对胃癌术后患者的治疗效果。方法将180例胃癌患者根据治疗方式不同分为观察组和对照组,观察组患者应用DC-CIK联合胃癌根治术及TP方案(紫杉醇+顺铂)化疗,对照组患者仅采用胃癌根治术及TP方案化疗,观察并比较两组患者的不良反应发生情况和3年生存率。结果两组患者治疗后干扰素γ(INF-γ)水平均高于治疗前(均P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者3年总生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者的进展期生存率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DC-CIK生物治疗辅助胃癌术后化疗能够提高细胞因子水平,并且可有效地提高胃癌术后患者进展期生存率。     

腹腔镜辅助下进展期远端胃癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助下进展期远端胃癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效.方法 依据随机数字表法,从2015年9月至2016年9月开封市中心医院收治的进展期远端胃癌患者中抽取40例为对照组,均接受常规开腹远端胃癌根治术.依据随机数字表法,从2016年10月至2017年10月开封市中心医院收治的进展期远端胃癌患者中抽取40例为观察组,均接受腹腔镜辅助下进展期远端胃癌根治术.观察并比较两组患者的术中指标、术后恢复情况及术后并发症发生率.结果 观察组患者的手术时间明显长于对照组,淋巴结清扫个数明显多于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).观察组患者术后首次下床活动时间、术后排气时间和住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.01).观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为7.5％,低于对照组的25.0％,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对进展期远端胃癌患者实施腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治术的近期疗效确切,且可有效减少各种术后并发症,具有一定的临床应用可行性.     

多西紫杉醇联合奥沙利铂和5-氟尿嘧啶治疗进展期胃癌的疗效

目的探讨多西紫杉醇联合奥沙利铂和5-氟尿嘧啶化疗方案治疗进展期胃癌的效果。方法选取2010年1月至2016年4月间江汉大学附属医院武汉市第六医院收治的104例进展期胃癌患者,其中采用多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂和5-氟尿嘧啶化疗方案治疗的52例患者纳入观察组,采用奥沙利铂和5-氟尿嘧啶化疗方案治疗的52例患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者的近期疗效、1年生存率、2年生存率、中位无进展生存时间、肿瘤进展时间、生活质量评分及不良反应发生率。结果观察组患者客观缓解率为69. 2%,高于对照组的30. 8%,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。观察组患者1年生存率(69. 2%)和2年生存率(46. 2%)均高于对照组(38. 5%和19. 2%),差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组患者中位无进展生存时间和治疗后3个月生存质量评分均高于对照组,肿瘤进展时间少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率(50. 0%)和对照组(42. 3%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论多西紫杉醇、奥沙利铂和5-氟尿嘧啶化疗方案治疗进展期胃癌患者的效果更佳,延长患者生存时间,不会显著增加不良反应发生率。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs