腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的远期预后

目的探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的远期预后疗效。方法选取2012年2月至2013年2月间甘肃省人民医院收治的行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗的63例膀胱癌患者,对其生存状况及肿瘤复发情况进行跟踪随访。结果 63例膀胱癌患者平均手术时间为388.4 min,术中平均出血量为680.5 ml,肠道功能恢复时间平均为3.28 d,住院时间平均为16.8 d,盆腔淋巴结清扫个数平均为10枚,未出现尿漏及肠瘘等围手术期并发症。最初30 d内患者尿流控制较差,30~90 d内患者尿流控制得到明显改善。术后平均膀胱容量为385.2 ml,平均膀胱内压为13.2 cm H_2O,平均尿流率为11.8 ml/s,平均残余尿量为18.5 ml,平均功能性尿道长度为3.2 cm。同时保留勃起神经对男性性功能保护良好。中位随访时间为27个月,3年总体生存率和无复发生存率分别为73.0%和69.4%。不同病理分期、是否器官局限性及有无淋巴结的总体生存率和无复发生存率之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌,具有恢复快、术后并发症少、术后较好的控尿功能等特点,同时有效保留男性性功能,生存预后较好。     

老年膀胱癌腹腔镜膀胱全切除手术疗效分析

[目的]探讨老年膀胱癌腹腔镜下膀胱全切除的手术方法和临床效果。[方法]老年膀胱癌患者12例,采用5个Trocar,腹腔镜下行膀胱根治性切除术,下腹正中做小切口,取出切除的膀胱、前列腺、子宫、附件。尿流改道方式回肠膀胱术患者9例,直肠膀胱术患者3例。[结果]手术时间4～7h,平均手术时间5.3h;术中失血400～650ml,平均约542 ml。术后禁食时间3~7d,平均3.7d。随访时间1~35个月,1例复发于术后5个月死亡,其余病例均生存。[结论]对老年肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者采取腹腔镜下根治性全膀胱切除术是临床上一种常用的有效的治疗方法。     

经尿道辅助单孔腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除联合原位回肠新膀胱术的疗效及安全性

目的:探讨单孔腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术联合原位回肠新膀胱术的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2017年01月至2019年12月于本中心收治的17例膀胱癌患者,其中7例患者在经尿道途径的辅助下行单孔腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术联合原位回肠新膀胱术;另外10例为对照组,行多孔腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术联合原位回肠新膀胱术,并对两组患者围手术期资料、手术并发症以及术后随访情况进行分析。结果:两组共17例膀胱癌患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开放手术。两组患者的年龄、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI)等差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。单孔组与对照组平均手术时间分别为（341.4±52.1）min和（333.0±59.5）min,术中平均出血量分别为（206.4±104.6）mL和（190.5±82.3）mL,盆腔淋巴结清扫平均个数分别为17（7~22）个和18（12~23）个,术后平均住院天数分别为（25.1±5.4）d和（26.8±6.0）d,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。而单孔组在术后VAS疼痛评分和切口满意度评分上则优于对照组（P＜0.05）。其中单孔组患者术后随访12个月时患者的最大尿流量、最大膀胱容量、最大膀胱充盈量均明显比6个月时高,而随访12个月时患者的残余尿量较6个月时低,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:经尿道辅助单孔腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术联合原位回肠新膀胱术是安全可行的,且术后的新膀胱功能较为良好。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2010年2月至2015年11月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术的32例浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,对手术方法(腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术)、围手术期资料、新膀胱功能、术后并发症以及肿瘤控制情况等进行分析.结果:成功随访32例,随访时间12 ～ 53个月,平均随访27个月,均为男性;所有患者手术均由同一术者顺利完成,手术时间310 ～530 min,平均370 min;术中出血300～ 850 ml,平均485 ml;术后3～5天肠道开始恢复功能;淋巴结清扫数目8～31个,平均16个;手术切缘均无阳性结果;术后12个月与6个月相比较,最大尿流率(15.2±1.3vs11.4±1.2 ml,P＜0.01)、最大膀胱容量(372.8±52.2 vs 247.9±60.3 ml,P＜0.01)、残余尿量(23.8 ±9.6 vs 39.6±11.7 ml,P＜0.01)、最大膀胱充盈压(33.7 ±5.7 vs 25.1±6.8 cmH2O,P＜O.01)、最大膀胱排尿压(63.7±15.9 vs62.9±17.6 cmH2O,P＞0.05)、膀胱顺应性(26.2±12.6 vs 25.7±13.3 cmH2O,P＞0.05)以及昼/夜控尿率(91％/81％ vs 84％/72％).术后近期并发症发生率为18.8％(6/32),远期并发症发生率为25.0％(8/32);随访期间,肿瘤局部复发率和远处转移率分别为6.3％ (2/32)和12.5％(4/32).结论:腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+原位回肠新膀胱术是安全可行的,具有术后控尿效果好、满意的新膀胱功能和肿瘤控制效果等优点,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的优先选择.     

腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经平面根治性子宫切除术的初步临床研究

目的 探讨保留盆腔自主神经平面的腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术的技术要点、可行性及其对降低术后膀胱功能障碍的作用。方法 将2010年1月至2011年5月30例宫颈癌患者分为两组,一组（15例）根据盆腔自主神经的标志性结构行保留“神经平面”法,于腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术（LNSRH）,另一组（15例）行腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术（LRH）作为对照。结果 LNSRH 组15例患者中2例因出血较多保留单侧神经,1例为ⅡA期选择性保留病灶对侧盆腔神经,其余成功保留了双侧神经。全组30例患者均顺利完成手术,LNSRH组的手术时间为（301.8±47.6）min,长于LRH组的（178.3±17.0）min（P＜0.05）。术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、切除盆腔淋巴结的数目、宫旁和阴道切除范围两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后LNSRH组的住院时间为（10.9±2.0）d,明显少于LRH组的（15.1±0.8）d（P＜0.05）。LNSRH组术后拔除尿管的平均时间为（10.8±3.2）d,明显短于LRH组的（17.4±3.2）d（P＜005）。随访3～19个月,全组无复发和转移病例。结论 LNSRH在技术上安全、可行,可明显减少术后膀胱功能障碍,既不降低根治性标准,又有利于患者术后恢复及生活质量提高。     

后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤41例报告

目的评价后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤的有效性和安全性。方法 2004年6月至2010年3月,我院采用后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗41例上尿路肿瘤患者。结果 41例手术均获得成功。手术时间90～220 min（平均150 min）。术中出血量50～150 ml（平均80 ml）,均未输血。术后住院天数7～10 d（平均8 d）。术后病理报告移行细胞癌40例,小细胞癌1例。随访1～69个月,平均28个月。2例患者出现膀胱肿瘤复发,1例患者术后2年出现肝脏和脾脏转移,1例患者术后15个月死于全身多处转移。结论后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤损伤小、手术时间短、出血少,术后恢复快。     

腹腔镜全膀胱切除术加回肠原位膀胱术的临床疗效观察(附15例报告)

目的:总结腹腔镜下膀胱肿瘤根治术加回肠原位膀胱术的经验.方法:15例患者中男11例,女4例,年龄46～72岁,平均61.8岁,采用5点穿刺法,腹腔镜由脐部下缘导管进入,手术者经左侧2个套管操作,助手经右侧2个套管操作.从右到左分别游离输尿管中下段并进行盆腔淋巴结清扫,输尿管暂不离断.男性患者先游离并离断输精管、精囊,前列腺后壁及前壁,紧贴前列腺尖部离断尿道,再行膀胱前列腺全切;女性患者在行膀胱全切除的同时作子宫及附件切除.在下腹正中线上作长4～5 cm切口,取出标本,回肠拉出切口外,取回盲部交界15 cm近侧隔离50 cm回肠段纵行剖开该肠后M形折叠形成贮尿囊,将输尿管末段1 cm插入贮尿囊后顶部作吻合.贮尿囊最低位开口与尿道断端行6针吻合.结果:手术耗时5～8 h,平均6.3 h,出血量400～800 mL,平均447 mL,术后所有患者3～4 d肠道功能开始恢复,1个月行B超、IVU及新膀胱造影检查示:双肾显影良好,无输尿管返流及梗阻,新膀胱充盈良好,容量约300 mL,15例患者均于术后4～6周内均恢复控尿能力,无排尿困难及尿失禁症状.结论:腹腔镜下行膀胱全切除视野清楚,有助于精确地处理盆底深部的重要结构,术中出血少,尿道括约肌损伤概率较小,有助于减少术后肠粘连,保护身体的免疫机制,减少术后感染,小切口取出标本,体外构建贮尿囊,吻合输尿管,可缩减手术时间,减少腹腔内污染.     

扩大性部分膀胱切除治疗脐尿管癌（附3例）

目的:评价腹腔镜扩大性膀胱部分切除术治疗脐尿管癌的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾分析我院3例脐尿管癌患者的临床资料并文献复习,均采用腹腔镜扩大性膀胱部分切除术。结果:本组3例手术均成功,无中转开放。手术平均时间120(80~190) min;术中平均出血95(70~120) ml;术后平均住院4（3.5~4.5）天;术中、术后无明显并发症,术中、术后病理均证实术前诊断,病理切缘阴性;平均随访22.5（16~36）个月,放射学或膀胱镜检查未发现复发。结论:脐尿管癌患者行腹腔镜下扩大性膀胱部分切除术是安全、可行、疗效确切的方法,具有微创、手术视野清晰、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,对于仔细筛选的患者是值得推广的一种微创方法。     

腹腔镜及开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗输尿管癌合并膀胱混合癌1例报告及文献回顾分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜和开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗输尿管癌合并膀胱混合癌患者的可行性和安全性。方法：回顾分析1例单侧输尿管癌并浸润性膀胱混合癌,腹腔镜下行根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术及开放尿流改道手术患者的临床资料并进行随访分析。结果：术前经B超、CT、膀胱镜、输尿管镜和静脉肾盂造影等检查证实为左输尿管癌并浸润性多发膀胱癌,行腹腔镜肾输尿管膀胱切除术及开放尿道切除术和右侧输尿管皮肤造口术,手术时间480min,术中出血量约560ml,无输血。术后肠功能恢复时间为3d,下床活动时间4d。术后未出现并发症。术后病理结果为膀胱高级别泌尿上皮癌伴浸润性鳞状细胞癌侵及全层。左输尿管癌高级别泌尿上皮癌侵及全层。输尿管癌分期分级为T2N0M0,膀胱癌为T2N0M0。术后随访10月,患者无瘤生存至今。结论：单侧输尿管癌合并膀胱混合癌可行一期根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术,腹腔镜下行该手术是可行及安全的。较开放手术创伤小,恢复快。膀胱混合癌很难早期确诊,为了使膀胱混合癌得到早期诊断和治疗,提高患者生存率,行膀胱镜检查时,应多位点取材。     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治术技术改进及临床效果(附30例临床报告)

目的 评价后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术改进后的临床效果。 方法 回顾性分阶段比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术的30例病例,探讨了后腹腔镜肾癌根治术的手术技巧和改进,比较其术中出血量及手术时间及术后恢复情况,并对病例进行随访。 结果 随著技术改进和成熟,手术时间和术中出血量明显减少,平均手术时间101±41.4 min,由最初5例平均166 min减少到最后5例平均74 min,平均术中出血量51±44 ml,由最初5例平均104 ml减少到最后5例平均26 ml。术后肠功能恢复时间平均32±18hrs、术后下床活动时间30.4±12hrs、术后住院天数5.6±1.5 d,术中及术后未发生无明显并发症,随访2～20月未见肿瘤复发与穿刺通道的种植性转移。 结论 与传统的腹腔镜根治性肾切除术相比,改进后的后腹腔镜根治性肾切除具有手术时间短,出血少,并发症少的优点。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.