联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎两阶段肝切除术在治疗中晚期肝癌中的应用

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的两阶段肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)是近几年提出的一种全新手术方式,因其能显著促进肝组织增生,明显缩短两次手术时间间隔,所以可用于剩余正常肝脏体积不足,不能接受大范围切除的中晚期肝癌病人。目前该术式仍存在风险和难点,有着较高的并发症发生率和病死率,短期效果尚可,但其所带来的长期存活获益尚无定论,故其发展一直伴随着诸多的争议。本文就ALPPS的相关应用进展等作一综述。     

三维重建技术联合腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨三维重建技术联合腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法收集2014年2月~2016年2月我院肝胆外科收治的60例原发性肝癌患者为研究对象,随机数字表法均分为对照组及联合组各30例,对照组实施腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗治疗,联合组实施三维重建技术联合腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗,观察2组手术基本情况[手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肛门排气时间]、肝功能[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBi L)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)]、并发症及预后随访情况。结果联合组术中出血量较对照组显著少,住院时间、肛门排气时间较对照组显著短(P0.05);2组手术时间、术前ALT、TBi L、AST、ALB相较无明显差异(P0.05);术后2组ALT、TBi L、AST较术前明显降低,ALB明显升高,且联合组肝功能各项指标的变化程度较对照组明显(P0.05);术后联合组并发症总发生率13.33%、术后半年复发转移率3.33%、死亡率3.33%较对照组显著低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论三维重建技术联合腹腔镜精准肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌可明显缩短患者康复相关时间,减少术中出血量,降低并发症发生率、复发转移率及死亡率,有推广应用价值。     

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术在肝脏肿瘤治疗中的应用

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术（ALPPS）是近年提出的一种手术方式,分两次完成,第1次手术包括门静脉结扎、在待切除肝和需保留肝之间离断肝实质,待剩余肝脏体积增大后再行第2次手术切除病肝。ALPPS主要目的是使剩余肝脏体积快速增长,为那些原来不能切除的肝脏恶性肿瘤的患者提供可根治性切除的机会。本文综述了近几年ALPPS方面的研究,从演变过程、手术方法、适用范围、存在争论的问题和近几年的研究现状等方面进行了总结和分析,并对以后的发展方向提出了展望。     

Applications of three‐dimensional printing technology in urological practice

A rapid expansion in the medical applications of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing technology has been seen in recent years. This technology is capable of manufacturing low‐cost and customisable surgical devices, 3D models for use in preoperative planning and surgical education, and fabricated biomaterials. While several studies have suggested 3D printers may be a useful and cost‐effective tool in urological practice, few studies are available that clearly demonstrate the clinical benefit of 3D‐printed materials. Nevertheless, 3D‐printing technology continues to advance rapidly and promises to play an increasingly larger role in the field of urology. Herein, we review the current urological applications of 3D printing and discuss the potential impact of 3D‐printing technology on the future of urological practice.     

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system. Colorectal liver cancer metastasis (CRLM) occurs in approximately 50% of the patients and is the main cause of CRC mortality. Surgical resection is currently the most effective treatment for CRLM. However, given that the remnant liver volume after resection should be adequate, only a few patients are suitable for radical resection. Since Dr. Hans Schlitt first performed the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) for CRLM in 2012, ALPPS has received considerable attention and has continually evolved in recent years. This review explains the technical origin of the ALPPS procedure for CRLM and evaluates its efficacy, pointing to its favorable postoperative outcomes. We also discuss the patient screening strategies and optimization of ALPPS to ensure long-term survival of patients with CRLM in whom surgery cannot be performed. Finally, further directions in both basic and clinical research regarding ALPPS have been proposed. Although ALPPS surgery is a difficult and high-risk technique, it is still worth exploration by experienced surgeons.     

Laparoscopy for living donor left nephrectomy: Comparison of three‐dimensional and two‐dimensional vision

The main objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of 3‐D laparoscopic living donor left nephrectomy (LDLN). The secondary objective was to compare intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between 3‐D and 2‐D laparoscopic LDLN. All patients who underwent a laparoscopic LDLN from January 2015 to April 2018 in a university center were included. All surgeries were performed by three experienced surgeons. Seventy three patients were included the following: 16 underwent a 3‐D laparoscopic LDLN (3‐D group), and 57 underwent a 2‐D laparoscopic LDLN (2‐D group). Operative time and warm ischemia time (WIT) were significantly lower in the 3‐D group (operative time: 80.9 ± 10.2 vs 114.1 ± 32.3 minutes in the 3‐D and 2‐D groups, P = .0002) (WIT: 1.7 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.9 minutes in the 3‐D and 2‐D groups, P = .02). No conversion to open surgery occurred in both groups. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the 3‐D group. No major postoperative complications (Clavien ≥ III) occurred. One‐year postoperative GFR was similar to 3‐D and 2‐D groups. Our preliminary study demonstrates that 3‐D laparoscopic LDLN is a feasible and safe surgical procedure. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were similar in both 2‐D and 3‐D vision systems, but 3‐D vision systems allow reduction in WIT and operative time.     

对ALPPS手术实用性与安全性的系统回顾和Meta分析

目的 通过联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)和传统二阶段手术(TSH)进行系统回顾和Meta分析,综合评价这两种手术的实用性和安全性.方法 运用计算机检索MEDLINE、EMBASE等数据库,查找2013-2016年关于ALPPS手术和TSH手术临床相关文献资料.运用Revmen 5.0软件进行统计学分析,计量资料采用均数差(MD)作为评价分析统计量;计数资料采用比值比(OR)作为评价分析统计量,各效应量均以95％可信区间(CI)表示.异质性检验采用x2检验(检验标准为P ＜0.05),无异质性采用固定效应模型,在异质性较高的情况下,则采用随机效应模型.结果 经过筛查,4项研究共312例手术符合纳入标准.将两组手术进行Meta分析,研究结果显示,ALPPS组FLR增长率明显高于TSH组(MD =24.78;95％ CI:0.63 ～48.94;P=0.04);且ALPPS组FLR增长时间较TSH组显著缩短(MD=-26.55;95％CI:-37.13～-15.97;P＜0.05);ALPPS组术后严重并发症(≥Ⅲb)的发病率要高于TSH组(OR=2.47;95％CI:1.14～5.36;P =0.02);而ALPPS组和TSH组术后病死率没有明显区别(OR=2.43;95％ CI:0.94～6.31;P =0.07).结论 ALPPS手术较TSH手术可以更好地在较短时间内使预留残肝体积增长到安全切除范围,且两组术后病死率无明显差别,但ALPPS较TSH术后严重并发症(≥Ⅲb)的发病率仍然很高.     

Criteria for three‐dimensional anorectal ultrasound assessment of response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients

Aim The aim of this study was to identify criteria for three‐dimensional anorectal ultrasonography (3D‐AUS) to assess the response of rectal cancer to chemoradiotherapy; the 3D‐AUS results were compared with the histopathological findings of the resected specimen. Method Thirty‐five patients underwent 3D‐AUS and were grouped according to the presence (GI; n = 19) or absence (GII; n = 16) of anal canal invasion. All patients received chemoradiotherapy, then underwent a second 3D‐AUS. The response (complete, partial or insignificant and lymph node metastasis) was evaluated. Tumour length (cm) and volume (cm³), length and volume regression percentage (%), distal length regression, and distance between the distal tumour edge and the proximal border of the internal anal sphincter were measured before and after chemoradiotherapy. All patients underwent surgery, and the 3D‐AUS image was compared with the histopathological findings. Results Before chemoradiotherapy, the average tumour length was similar in G1 and GII, but the volume differed significantly (P = 0.0408). The response was insignificant in seven (37%) patients, partial in 10 (53%) patients and complete in two (10%) patients in GI. The corresponding figures for GII were one (6%) patient, 12 (75%) patients and three (19%) patients (P = 0.0318). The agreement between pathological and post‐chemoratherapy 3D‐AUS findings was almost identical for the identification of residual tumour or complete response (κ = 1.0) and substantial for lymph node metastases (κ = 0.74). The mean distance to the internal anal sphincter was greater in GII. A sphincter‐saving resection was performed in 2/19 patients in GI and in 14/16 patients in GII (P < 0.0001). The histopathological examination revealed a free distal margin. Conclusion 3D‐AUS was shown to evaluate accurately the response to chemoradiotherapy, helping in the selection of patients for a sphincter‐saving resection. The distance between the tumour and the internal anal sphincter was the most important parameter in this respect.     

联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎二步肝切除术治疗传统不可切除肝癌之进展

近年来,肝癌综合治疗进展显著,但手术切除仍为肝癌病人获得长期生存的主要治疗方式。随着肝脏外科的快速发展,肝脏解剖学的复杂性和手术操作已不再是肝脏手术的主要障碍,肝切除术后剩余肝脏体积不足成为肝脏手术的主要限制因素。临床上多数肝癌病人因此无法行一期根治性切除术,只能接受非手术治疗,长期预后较差。联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎二...     

The role of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in the management of patients with colorectal liver metastasis

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) approach emerged as a promising surgical strategy for rapid and large hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) when a major liver resection is necessary. Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is their main indication. However, the promising results published so far, are very difficult to interpret since they usually focus on the technique and not on the underlying disease. Moreover, they are usually made up of complex populations, which received different chemotherapy schemes, with the ALPPS technical variations implemented over time and without consistent long-term follow-up results as well. Whereby, its role in CRLM should be analyzed as carefully as possible to indicate and select the best candidates who will benefit the most from this approach. We conducted a computerized search using PubMed and Google Scholar for reports published so far, using mesh headings and keywords related to the ALPPS and CRLM.     

Dry box training with three‐dimensional vision for the assistant surgeon in robot‐assisted urological surgery

We analyzed whether three‐dimensional vision, practice or previous laparoscopic experience improves the surgical performance of the bedside assistant during robot‐assisted surgery. Six experienced laparoscopic surgeons and 15 novices carried out three skills drills imitating an assistant's maneuvers in robot‐assisted surgery, and times for completing the tasks were recorded. Both the novice and experienced groups showed significantly shorter manipulation times for each drill with three‐dimensional vision compared with two‐dimensional or glassless three‐dimensional vision. The experienced group showed significantly shorter manipulation times than the novice group for all types of vision. A significant improvement was observed 14 out of 18 times in the novice group, but only one out of 18 times in the experienced group. We can conclude that the use of three‐dimensional visualization facilitates the performance of the assistant surgeon, especially if a novice, during robot‐assisted surgery. Laparoscopic experience also improves the performance, whereas training is beneficial for novice assistant surgeons before carrying out actual operations.     

Robot‐assisted fracture reduction using three‐dimensional intraoperative fracture visualization: An experimental study on human cadaver femora

Closed fracture reduction can be a challenging task. Robot‐assisted reduction of the femur is a newly developed technique that could minimize potential complications and pitfalls associated with fracture reduction and fixation. We conducted an experimental study using 11 human cadaver femora with intact soft tissues. We compared robot‐assisted fracture reduction using 3D visualization with manual reduction, using 2D fluoroscopy. The main outcome measure was the accuracy of reduction. The manual reductions were done by an experienced orthopedic trauma surgeon, whereas the robot‐assisted reductions were done by surgeons of different experience. The robot‐assisted group showed significantly less postreduction malalignment (p < 0.05) for internal/external rotation (2.9° vs. 8.4°) and for varus/valgus alignment (1.1° vs. 2.5°). However, the reduction time was significantly (p < 0.01) longer (6:14 min vs. 2:16 min). The higher precision associated with robot‐assisted fracture reduction makes this technique attractive and further research and development worthwhile. In particular, less experienced surgeons may benefit from this new technique. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1240–1244, 2010