Multisegmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava with thrombosis of the left inferior vena cava

We present a rare case of an extensive venous thrombosis associated with a multisegmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava (IVC), double IVCs, a hypoplastic right IVC, an aneurysm arising at the distal portion of the right IVC, and a severe stenosis between the prerenal and the hepatic segments of the IVC.     

Imaging of fat thrombus in the inferior vena cava originating from an angiomyolipoma

A rare case of fat thrombus in the inferior vena cava originating from an angiomyolipoma is reported. Diagnostic imaging including ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and cavography was performed preoperatively. MRI allowed the most complete preoperative staging because of specific fatty signal intensity and good assessment of renal vein involvement.     

下腔静脉可回收滤器置入预防肺栓塞

目的:评价可回收下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓患者中预防肺栓塞效果和安全性。方法:34例下肢深静脉血栓患者全部行下腔静脉滤器置入术,其中12例采用永久性Trap Ease Filter(TEF),16例采用可回收性OptEaseTMFilter(TEF),6例采用可回收性Gunther Tulip Filter(GTF)滤器,滤器均置于肾静脉水平以下的下腔静脉中。结果:34例滤器均经股静脉穿刺置入,16例可回收性OptEaseTMFilter中12例2周后经股静脉取出。6例可回收性Gunther Tulip Filter(GTF)滤器两周后经右颈内静脉取出。手术成功率100%。随访30例(随访时间:2~28个月),12例永久滤器病人中有1例出现倾斜,但角度小于15℃,1例下腔静脉血栓形成,术中术后未出现滤器移位,穿破管壁和肺栓塞。结论:可回收性下腔静脉滤器是预防肺栓塞安全、有效的方法之一,且并发症少。     

Translumbar high inferior vena cava access placement in patients with thrombosed inferior vena cava filters

Venous access is a dire necessity in some patients such as those with end-stage renal disease or short gut syndrome. The right internal jugular vein is the preferred entry site for tunneled central venous catheters. Alternatively, the left internal jugular is considered next, with the external jugular and subclavian veins being considered later. Catheter-related venous stenosis approaches 40% in certain sites, resulting in loss of access sites. As sites are lost, insertion of functional long-term central venous catheters becomes challenging. Translumbar inferior vena cava (IVC) access created in two patients with limited venous access sites who had thrombosed IVCs containing IVC filters is described. Because of the higher IVC punctures in these cases, procedural planning with cross-sectional imaging is crucial to avoid puncturing the right renal artery as it passes posterior to the IVC.     

Agenesis of the inferior vena cava

A case of agenesia of 3 of the 4 segments the vena cava inferior is presented. The embryogenesis of the v. cava inferior is discussed in so far as is relevant for the malformation in this case. Exact diagnosis and classification can be made via intravenous and intraarterial DSA and computed tomography.     

Aneurysms of the inferior vena cava

Two cases of saccular aneurysms of the infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) associated with retrohepatic IVC obstruction are described. Ultrasonographic, computerized tomographic and inferior venacavography findings in these cases are presented.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava

Primary vascular leiomyosarcoma is a rare tumor, which arises mainly from the inferior vena cava. Clinical signs are non-specific. Systemic metastasis occurs in the late stage. Imaging with color Doppler ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging can significantly contribute to the diagnosis. We present a case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava that extended into the right renal vein and the right iliac vein, as it is a rare case and emphasize the significance of the imaging methods in its diagnosis.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare primary tumour. We present a case report of a 67-year-old man with a long history of abdominal pain and gastroesophageal reflux, who was found to have a large retroperitoneal mass confirmed to be a leiomyosarcoma. The clinical and imaging features are outlined, and in addition the treatment and prognosis.     

Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a rare tumor which is predominantly seen in women. The symptomatology is non specific and depends mostly of the segment of the vessel which is involved. Radiologic approach for correct preoperative diagnosis is based on ultrasonography, computed tomography and inferior vena cavography. The best treatment is en bloc resection of the mass associated with pre and post-operative chemotherapy. Although the tumor is slow-growing, the prognosis is poor and the average survival is less than two years, due to local recurrence and metastases.     

Pseudothrombosis of the inferior vena cava

Flow phenomena can cause artifacts that may simulate thrombosis. The differentiation between thrombus and flow phenomenon can be made by delayed scans and certain CT-findings in thrombosis that may not be found in pseudothrombosis.     

下腔静脉滤器预防肺栓塞的长期随访结果

目的 探讨置入下腔静脉滤器(IVCF)预防肺栓塞(PE)的长期安全性、疗效及并发症.方法 回顾性分析1994年1月至2005年6月期间73例接受了IVCF置人术,并经多普勒超声、DSA、CT或MRI确诊的深静脉血栓形成(DVT)和(或)PE患者资料,随访时间为放置IVCF后5个月至11年,包括电话或问卷随访、病历回顾、腹部X线片复查、超声、CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)或下肢间接性CT静脉成像(CTV)检查.结果 73例患者共置入78枚滤器,置入时1例滤器张开不全.复查时2例滤器捕获血栓,1例滤器倾斜,无滤器移位、断裂和穿孔.73例中失访5例.14例死亡,存活时间5 d至41个月,平均存活期为14.5个月.存活的54例中,确诊的再发DVT 3例、下腔静脉血栓1例、滤器血栓1例,未发现再发PE.结论 长期使用IVCF预防PE是安全、有效的,并且IVCF置入后的远期严重并发症不常见.