Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI在Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤中的应用价值. 方法 对18例Ⅵ型髁突骨折患者于伤后3～14 d内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,分析MRI表现. 结果 在18例19侧Ⅵ型髁突骨折中有15侧发生关节盘移位,9侧关节囊撕裂,16侧关节盘后区组织撕裂(双板区),19侧关节腔内关节液改变. 结论 MRI能很好地显示Ⅵ型髁突骨折引起的颞下颌关节损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,有利于指导临床上对治疗方案的选择.     

MRI在颞下颌关节盘移位诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨MRI在颞下颌关节盘移位诊断中的应用价值。方法 :收集经临床确诊的52例颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)患者,观察颞下颌关节MRI斜矢状位及斜冠状位图像,分析张闭口位关节盘的位置及形态的改变。结果:52例中,关节盘前移位47例(可复性前移位20例,不可复性前移位27例),前内移位5例。结论:MRI可清晰显示颞下颌关节盘形态及盘-突位置关系改变,为临床治疗提供可靠的诊断依据。     

下颌髁突脱位骨折后颞下颌关节软组织改变的MRI表现

目的 分析下颌髁突脱位骨折后颞下颌关节(TMJ)软组织改变的MRI表现.方法 应用矢状面和冠状面质子密度加权成像(PDWI)和T2WI连续检查103侧(77例)患有下颌髁突脱位骨折的颞下颌关节(TMJ).结果 MRI上,103侧髁突脱位骨折后的TMJ异常表现有:(1)髁突骨折断片向前下(102侧,99.0%)和前(1侧,10%)脱位;(2)关节盘移位(100侧,97.1%),其中矢状面MRI显示关节盘随脱位的髁突向前下移位者99侧,向前移位者1侧;(3)关节腔积液(103侧,100%);(4)关节盘后区信号异常(91侧,88.3%);(5)关节盘下后附着异常(89侧,86.4%);(6)关节囊异常(89侧,86.4%);(7)关节盘上后附着异常(37侧,35.9%);(8)关节盘变形(8侧,7.8%);(9)关节盘撕裂(8侧,7.8%);(10)颞骨关节窝骨折(4侧,3.9%).结论矢状面MRI上,多数下颌髁突脱位骨折以TMJ关节盘随脱位的髁突向前下移位,并伴有关节腔积液为特点.     

颞下颌关节盘移位的MRI表现及其临床诊断价值

目的:探讨颞下颌关节盘移位的MRI表现及其临床诊断价值。方法:23例共46侧关节盘行斜矢状面和冠状面T1WI、T2WI及T2*WI扫描,分析关节盘在开口位和闭口位上的位置变化和关节盘的形态等。结果:46侧关节盘中有17侧(17/46)正常;可复性关节盘前移位11侧(11/46),主要MRI表现为闭口位时关节盘在髁状突前方,关节结节前下方,开口位时,关节盘回到关节窝正常位置,关节盘可变形伸长,后带膨大,信号基本正常;不可复性关节盘前移位15侧(15/46),主要MRI表现为在闭口位和开口位时关节盘位置均位于髁突前方,关节结节前下方,不回到关节窝内,关节盘形态严重变形,出现圆形、折叠型、伸长型等,关节盘信号基本正常;关节盘内侧移位2侧(2/46),外侧移位1侧(1/46),这两种类型主要MRI表现为关节盘变形,呈低信号改变。结论:MRI可以清楚显示关节盘的位置、结构及盘突关系,对颞下颌关节盘移位有重要的临床诊断价值。     

正常青年人颞下颌关节盘位置的MRI斜冠状位研究

目的 分析正常青年人颞下颌关节张、闭口斜冠状位MR图像关节盘与髁突的位置关系.方法 对29例(58个颞下颌关节)正常青年人行MRI张、闭口斜冠状位PDWI扫描,选取闭口位通过髁突前斜面中心、张口位通过关节盘中带中心层面测量关节盘与髁突的位置.结果 58个关节中除去9个可复性关节盘前移位关节及1例有运动伪影影响的2个关节,47个关节斜冠状位观察结果如下:(1)闭口位有30个(63.83%)、张口位有45个(95.74%)关节盘内缘超出髁突内缘,关节盘内缘与髁突内缘间距于张口位大于闭口位(P =0.00);张、闭口位各有3个(6.38%)关节盘外缘超出髁突外缘,关节盘外缘与髁突外缘间距无统计学差异(P =0.70).(2)关节盘内外缘间距于张口位大于闭口位(P =0.00);髁突内外缘间距张闭口位比较无统计学差异(P=0.06).结论 正常青年人存在颞下颌关节盘内缘超出髁突内缘的现象,应避免误诊关节盘内侧移位.     

保留髁突和关节盘治疗Ⅲ型颞下颌关节内强直的作用和疗效观察

目的 探讨保留髁突和颞下颌关节盘的术式对于治疗创伤性颞下颌关节内强直Ⅲ型的疗效.方法 创伤性颞下颌关节内强直Ⅲ型8例,男4例,女4例;年龄7～22岁,平均13.6岁.病程1～12年,开口度2～10 mm.手术方法为去除外侧髁突骨折断面形成的骨痂,将髁突磨改成形,在内侧寻找分离出移位的关节盘,松解后将关节盘的外侧端缝合固定至外侧关节囊或软组织.结果 术后随访6～38个月,患者开口度平均30 mm,无关节疼痛及弹响症状,随访期内无复发.结论 采用保留髁突和关节盘的方法治疗创伤性颞下颌关节内强直Ⅲ型,方法简单易行,创伤小,能有效防止复发.     

MRI动态扫描技术在颞下颌关节紊乱中的应用价值

目的 探讨颞下颌关节紊乱应用MRI动态扫描技术的临床价值。方法 选取本院收治的46例(62只关节颞下颌关节紊乱患者临床资料,行MRI常规扫描及动态扫描。对比常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率。结果 常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率依次是100.00%、95.65%(P> 0.05)。关节盘位置正常16例(34.78%)、可复性关节盘前移位15例(32.61%)、不可复性关节盘前移位10例(21.74%)、关节盘内移位3例(6.52%)、关节盘外移位2例(4.35%)。MRI动态图像能够清晰观察到关节盘位置、厚度、形态改变以及关节积液情况。结论 颞下颌关节紊乱患者开展MRI动态扫描技术能够准确提示疾病发展期间关节厚度、形态和位置改变情况,还可同时发现关节盘及髁突相对运动异常,关节盘在开闭口过程中变形情况,更好地观察关节活动度改变。     

颞下颌关节损伤的MRI表现

目的 研究颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint, TMJ)损伤的MRI表现,重点观察关节盘的移位及损伤情况.方法 13例TMJ损伤的初诊患者,使用3英寸(1 英寸=2.54 cm)双颞下颌Dual表面线圈,分别行斜矢状面和斜冠状面T1WI和T2WI的闭口位及张口位扫描.结果 13例患者26个TMJ中有20个(20/26, 76.9%)发生髁突骨折,其中12例患者的19个(19/20, 95%)关节盘随着碎裂的髁突骨折片向前内侧移位,6个(6/20, 30%)关节盘可见扭曲、变形.另1例患者为单侧髁突骨折并关节盘断裂(1/20, 5%),向外侧移位,其对侧关节盘轻度向前移位.12个TMJ可见关节积液,均见于髁突骨折的关节(12/20, 60%).开口位关节盘的位置较闭口位未见明显变化.结论 MRI是TMJ损伤的有效检查方法,有助于判断关节盘形态和位置的改变.     

颞下颌紊乱病单侧关节疼痛盘后组织MRI信号强度的研究

目的　分析颞下颌关节疼痛及疼痛程度与MRI上盘后组织信号强度的关系。方法　对 2 0例单侧关节疼痛颞下颌紊乱病患者 40侧关节进行张口矢状位T2 WI成像 ,以非疼痛侧作为自身对照 ;利用VAS进行疼痛程度的判定 ,将疼痛分为轻、中、重度疼痛 3组 ,评价双板区信号强度与疼痛及疼痛程度的关系。结果　疼痛关节与非疼痛关节的盘后组织T2 信号强度平均值分别为170 .91± 3 9.0 6和 14 0 .74± 2 7.3 4,经配对t检验两者有显著性差异 (Ρ <0 .0 5 )。疼痛程度与盘后组织T2 信号强度关系的统计学分析发现 ,中度疼痛组和重度疼痛组其双板区信号强度均明显高于对照组 ,虽然轻度疼痛组与对照组双板区信号强度无显著性差异 ,但是双板区信号强度存在随疼痛程度加重而升高的趋势。结论　盘后组织T2 信号强度在疼痛关节高于非疼痛关节 ,这可能与疼痛关节盘后组织的血管分布增加有关     

颞下颌关节髁突软骨中生长因子的研究进展

生长因子是一组具有促进细胞生长、增殖和合成作用的蛋白多肽。软骨组织中含有多种生长因子及其受体,它们共同作用于软骨细胞。颞下颌关节髁突软骨属于纤维软骨,它介导了髁突的生长发育及适应性改建。髁突软骨细胞同样受到多种生长因子的调控,主要有：胰岛素样生长因子（insulin-like growth factor,IGF）、转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β,TGF—β）、     

Association between high signal intensity in the posterior disc attachment seen on T2 weighted fat-suppressed images and temporomandibular joint pain

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether high signal intensity in the posterior disc attachment (PDA) seen on T2 weighted fat-suppressed MRI is associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and joint pathology. METHODS: This study was based on 283 TMJs of 177 patients (31 males and 146 females, mean age 32.7 years) with TMJ disorders showing anterior disc displacement. MRI evaluation included assessment of signal intensity in the PDA and TMJ status (disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction and disc displacement with bone changes). Clinical criteria that were considered positive indicators of TMJ pain included the presence of pre-auricular pain during palpation, jaw function and assisted or unassisted mandibular opening. Association of signal intensity in the PDA with joint pain and TMJ status was analysed using chi2 test. RESULTS: Joint pain was reported in 47 (77.0%) out of 61 joints with high signal intensity in the PDA and in 97 (43.7%) out of 222 joints with low signal intensity in the PDA (P<0.0001). High signal intensity in the PDA correlated closely with more advanced joint pathology. In joints with anterior disc displacement with bone changes, TMJ pain was more commonly reported in joints with high signal intensity in the PDA than with low signal intensity in the PDA (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: High signal intensity in the PDA on T2 weighted fat-suppressed MRI is associated with TMJ pain in TMJ disorders with anterior disc displacement with bone changes in the mandibular condyles.     

Temporomandibular disorders: MR assessment of inflammatory changes in the posterior disk attachment during the menstrual cycle

PURPOSE: Our goal was to correlate the menstrual cycle with joint pain, MR evidence of the disk, and posterior disk attachment in patients with temporomandibular disorders. METHOD: Forty-two women underwent MRI involving conventional T1-and T2-weighted gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed SE imaging sequences. RESULTS: There was a strong statistical difference in the degree of joint pain between proliferated phase and secretory phase groups (p < 0.005). Joint pain had a tendency to increase at the secretory phase. Significantly less contrast enhancement of the posterior disk attachment was observed in the proliferated phase than in the secretory phase (p < 0.001) or menstrual phase (p < 0.01). In addition, anterior disk displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint was closely associated with joint pain. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that positional changes of the disk and the menstrual cycle may play a role in the degree of joint pain and inflammatory pathology of the posterior disk attachment.     

Usefulness of cone beam computed tomography in temporomandibular joints with soft tissue pathology

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of cone beam CT (CBCT) in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with soft tissue pathology.

Methods

106 TMJs of 55 patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were examined by MRI and CBCT. MR images were used for the evaluation of disc displacement, disc deformity, joint effusion and obscurity of temporal posterior attachment (TPA). CBCT images were evaluated for the presence or absence of osseous abnormalities. The χ² test was used to analyse the association between MRI and CBCT findings.

Results

MRI of 106 TMJs revealed disc displacement, disc deformity, joint effusion and obscurity of the TPA in 68, 73, 28 and 27 joints, respectively. Of the 68 TMJs with disc displacement, anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWR) was seen most frequently (47/68). CBCT imaging found 65 TMJs were characterized by the presence of osseous abnormalities and were significantly associated with disc deformity and ADDWR (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the presence of joint effusion and obscurity of TPA and TMJ osseous abnormalities.

Conclusions

TMD patients with confirmed ADDWR or disc deformity on MRI are at risk of having osseous abnormalities in the TMJ and further examination with CBCT is recommended.     

Relationship of condylar position to disc position and morphology

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether condylar position, as depicted by magnetic resonance imaging, was an indicator of disc morphology and position. METHODS AND MATERIAL: One hundred and twenty two TMJs of 61 patients with temporomandibular joint disorder were examined. Condylar position, disc deformity and degree of anterior disc displacement were evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Posterior condyle position was found to be the main feature of temporomandibular joints with slight and moderate anterior disc displacement. No statistical significance was found between the condylar position, and reducing and nonreducing disc positions. On the other hand, superior disc position was found to be statistically significant for centric condylar position. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that posterior condyle position could indicate anterior disc displacement whereas there was no relation between the position of condyle and the disc deformity.     

Angulation and prominence of the posterior slope of the eminence of the temporomandibular joint in relation to disc position.

A steep articular eminence has been proposed as an aetiological factor in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Arthrograms of 20 joints each of three groups, superior disc position (SDP), anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWOR) were compared. No correlation was found between a steep articular eminence and anterior disc displacement. The posterior slope of the articular eminence of the joints with ADDWOR was significantly less prominent than in those with SDP and ADDWR.     

Frequency of bilateral temporomandibular joint disc displacement in patients with unilateral symptoms: a 5-year follow-up of the asymptomatic joint. A clinical and arthrotomographic study

Bilateral arthrotomography was performed in 50 consecutive patients with unilateral symptoms of disc displacement to evaluate the frequency of temporomandibular joint disc displacement in asymptomatic joints. Using well-defined clinical criteria, there were no false-positive findings of either reducing or non-reducing discs. On the other hand, a risk of false-negative diagnosis of non-reducing disc was apparent. Sixty per cent of the patients had a non-reducing displaced disc in the asymptomatic joint. Most of these patients could recall a previous spell of discomfort from this joint. Severe or moderate deformation had taken place in non-reducing discs, while reducing discs were normal in shape or had, at most, a thickening of the posterior band. The duration of symptoms was significantly correlated with the degree of deformation in the symptomatic joints (P less than 0.01). Perforation was statistically, significantly correlated with disc deformation and, in symptomatic joints, hard tissue changes. Fifty-seven per cent of the asymptomatic joints with displaced discs developed pain following the onset of symptoms from the contralateral side, most within 2 years. Less than half of them were free of pain at the end of the 5 year follow-up period. In view of this tendency for an asymptomatic joint with a displaced disc to subsequently develop pain refractory to treatment, such a joint must be considered a weakened link in the craniomandibular system, vulnerable to changes in mandibular function such as, for instance, displacement of the disc on the contralateral side.     

Magnetic resonance characteristics of temporomandibular joint disc displacement in elderly patients

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement in elderly patients.

Methods

Of the MR images of 1660 TMJs in 847 patients with disc displacement who underwent MRI for suspected temporomandibular disorders, 301 TMJs in 154 patients aged over 50 years were studied as an elderly group. These MR images of the elderly group were compared with those of a control group (1359 TMJs in 693 patients aged under 51 years) concerning disc displacement with or without reduction, joint effusion and osteoarthrosis.

Results

The incidence of disc displacement with osteoarthrosis was significantly different between the elderly (41.9%) and the control (19.8%) groups (p = 0.000). Logistic multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the osteoarthrosis was a significant variable (odds ratio = 2.94, p = 0.000).

Conclusions

This study suggests that MR characteristics of TMJ disc displacement in elderly patients includes osteoarthrosis.     

颞颌关节盘移位影像学检查的进展

颞颌关节盘移位在颞颌关节紊乱病中占有相当高的比例,对于它的检查一般采用影像学方法。随着医学影像学发展,传统X线、关节造影不断完善,CT、MRI等新技术迅速发展,很多学者采用不同的影像学方法研究并制订出标准对关节盘移位进行定性、定量分析,辅助临床诊断。本文将影像学方法用于颞颌关节盘移位检查的研究发展作一综述。     

Magnetic resonance images of patients with temporomandibular disorders: Prevalence and correlation between disk morphology and displacement

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). There were 218 TMJ of 109 assessed patients; 88 were females and 21 males, and all were diagnosed as symptomatic for temporomandibular disorder. The articular disc positions were classified in the normal position and with anterior disc displacement with and without reduction. Regarding the morphology, the discs were classified as follows: biconcave (normal), biplanar, rounded, biconvex, folded, thickening in the posterior band, thickening in the anterior band and hemiconvex. The results indicated that females were the most affected by morphological changes of the articular disc (p = 0.008/Cramer's V = 0.295). There was no statistical significance when correlating the disc morphology with the sides (right and left). There was a significant correlation between the position and morphology of the articular disc (p < 0.001/Cramer's V = 0.609), and in the normal position of the discs presenting biplanar and biconcave morphologies. In TMJ with anterior displacement of the disc with reduction (ADDR), there was a greater correlation with rounded, hemiconvex and biconvex morphologies. Already in the TMJ with displacement without reduction (ADDWR), there was a higher prevalence of folded discs. It can be concluded that morphological changes in the disc are influenced by the type of displacement, and more serious deformations are associated with ADDWR cases.