经皮雌二醇凝胶在冻融胚胎移植中的应用

目的探讨经皮17-β雌二醇凝胶在冻融胚胎移植(FET)中的应用。方法回顾性分析人工替代周期行FET的患者138例,其中口服戊酸雌二醇组(A组)68例,经皮17-β雌二醇组(B组)70例。观察两组黄体酮给药当日的子宫内膜厚度、血清雌二醇水平,黄体酮给药前雌二醇用药总量及用药持续时间,FET妊娠结局及药物副作用等。结果黄体酮日两组子宫内膜厚度[A组(10.42±1.16)mm,B组(10.79±1.29)mm]比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组黄体酮日血清雌二醇水平(741.34±585.36)pmol/L明显低于B组的(1 750.22±1 390.56)pmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);雌二醇用药总量A组(70.13±19.21)mg明显低于B组的(99.65±6.04)mg,而用药持续天数(12.60±3.02)d则明显高于B组的(11.13±0.57)d,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组的胚胎着床率和临床妊娠率相比,B组(40.6%和69.1%)均显著高于A组(29.0%和46.8%)(P0.05);两组的周期取消率及生化妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮17-β雌二醇凝胶可以有效应用于FET中的人工替代周期。     

经皮肾镜术后肾包膜下血肿的治疗分析

目的 探讨经皮肾镜术后肾包膜下血肿的治疗方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2014年8月共9例经皮肾镜术后肾包膜下血肿患者的临床资料,将其分为两组,A组5例,行经皮穿刺引流联合尿激酶局部注射清除血肿.B组4例,行经腹腹腔镜手术清除血肿.记录并对比两组患者术后住院时间、术后疼痛评分、住院费用、并发症及复发率等指标.结果 A组比B组住院时间长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后疼痛评分、住院费用,A组均比B组低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者的术后并发症及复发率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经皮穿刺引流联合尿激酶与经腹腹腔镜清除经皮肾镜术后肾包膜下血肿的临床效果无显著差异,但经皮穿刺引流术联合尿激酶局部注射方法简单,住院费用低,创伤小,患者痛苦少,值得临床推广.     

雌激素不同用药方式在冻融胚胎移植中的应用

目的探讨雌激素不同给药方式在冻融胚胎移植中的应用。方法采用激素替代周期行冻融胚胎移植患者244例,随机分为经皮17β-雌二醇组120例(研究组)和口服戊酸雌二醇组124例(对照组)。观察两组患者血雌二醇浓度上升曲线、给予黄体酮日雌二醇用药总量、子宫内膜厚度和类型、周期取消率、胚胎移植结局及药物副作用。结果黄体日两组患者子宫内膜厚度差异无统计学意义(P=0.63);研究组雌二醇各监测点水平均高于对照组(P=0.04)、用药总量显著性较低(P=0.03);研究组周期取消率(0.83%)显著低于照组(6.45%)(P=0.02);研究组生化妊娠率和临床妊娠率高于对照组,自然流产率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.90、0.54和0.16)。结论 17β-雌二醇经皮给药可以有效的应用于激素替代周期冻融胚胎移植患者。     

膀胱软镜联合经皮肾镜治疗复杂性肾结石中的临床疗效及预后分析

目的探讨经皮肾镜联合膀胱软镜治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法 2018年6月～2019年6月我科收治的复杂性结石病人78例,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,联合组36例,经皮肾镜组42例。比较两组病人的手术时间、住院时间,术中出血,经皮肾镜通道数量,术后5天和1个月结石清除率,Ⅱ期碎石发生率及围手术期并发症发生率,评估病人的满意度。结果两组病人均成功完成手术,联合组平均手术时间(136.32±12.54)分钟,平均住院时间(7.02±0.84)天,平均术中出血为(74.29±7.17)ml,Ⅱ期碎石发生率为2.7%(1/36);经皮肾镜组平均手术时间(120.28±14.62)分钟,平均住院时间(7.10±0.96)天,平均术中出血为(75.23±6.18)ml,Ⅱ期碎石发生率为23.80%(10/42)。联合组手术时间常长于经皮肾镜组,Ⅱ期碎石发生率少于经皮肾镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组住院时间、经皮肾镜通道数量和术中出血比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组的术后5天结石清除率为91.7%(33/36),术后1个月结石清除率为97.2%(35/36),经皮肾镜组分别为69.0%(29/42)和76.2%(32/42),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组总并发症为16.66%(6/36),经皮肾镜组为38.09%(16/42),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组病人满意度比经皮肾镜组高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮肾镜联合膀胱软镜治疗复杂性肾结石具有良好的效果和安全性。     

槐耳清膏体外逆转人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7耐三苯氧胺的研究

目的 探讨槐耳清膏体外逆转人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7耐三苯氧胺(TAM)的作用及其机制.方法 使用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定不同药物处理对耐TAM的乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7/R的抑制率,流式细胞仪检测不同处理后MCF-7/R的凋亡情况和细胞周期变化.Western blot检测MCF-7/R不同处理后各组Phospho-P44/42MAPK(ERK1/2)及P44/42MAPK(ERK1/2)表达的差异.结果 MTT实验结果显示MCF-7/R的联合用药组抑制率(45.99±6.06)%和单药组抑制率(40.20±5.54)%分别与TAM对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);流式细胞检测结果显示与TAM对照组比较,MCF-7/R的联合用药组和单药组G1期峰前出现显著的凋亡峰,且联合用药组的凋亡率(20.03%)与单药组的凋亡率(11.06%)与TAM对照组(2.15%)比较作用显著;Western blot检测蛋白表达经灰度分析显示,药物作用12 h后Phospho-P44/42MAPK(ERK1/2)蛋白在联合用药组的表达(0.3153±0.0179)和单药组的表达(0.5362±0.0030)分别与TAM对照组(0.9752±0.0034)比较均有下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且联合组与单药组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 槐耳清膏具有体外逆转MCF-7/R细胞对TAM的耐药作用,逆转机制可能与下调MAPK通路磷酸化蛋白ERK1/2的表达水平相关,提示槐耳清膏是一种有意义的耐药逆转剂.     

柚皮苷抑制胶原诱导小鼠关节炎症作用机制的实验研究

目的检测柚皮苷干预后胶原诱导(CIA)小鼠关节炎症相关指标的变化。方法选择雄性DBA1/J小鼠35只,随机分为正常组(5只)和实验组(30只)。实验组炎症评分达2分以上再分为骨碎补组(10只)、CIA模型组(10只)、柚皮苷组(10只)。各组均以灌胃方式给药,每天1次,连续20次。给药20 d后处死小鼠,ELISA方法测定小鼠血清中IL-6、TNF-α的水平,HE染色观察滑膜炎症表达情况,免疫组化法检测小鼠膝关节滑膜组织中HIF-1α、CXCR4蛋白的表达情况。结果给药第11天开始,柚皮苷组炎症评分低于CIA模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);给药第15天开始,柚皮苷组与骨碎补组炎症评分均低于CIA模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);给药第19天,骨碎补组与柚皮苷组炎症评分均有降低表现,且柚皮苷组炎症评分较骨碎补组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。柚皮苷、骨碎补组较CIA模型组的IL-6、TNF-α水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。柚皮苷组的IL-6水平较骨碎补组低,TNF-α水平较骨碎补组高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。柚皮苷组HIF-1α、CXCR4的IOD值低于CIA模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);骨碎补组HIF-1α、CXCR4的IOD值与CIA模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);骨碎补组与柚皮苷组2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。柚皮苷、骨碎补组染色阳性区域Area值均低于CIA模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);骨碎补组与柚皮苷组2组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论柚皮苷对HIF-1α上游的炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α及下游的CXCR4都具有一定调控作用,显著的降低了CIA小鼠炎症反应。     

头孢菌素类药物皮试浓度的临床观察

目的 探讨头孢菌素类药物适宜的皮试浓度.方法 按照头孢类药物皮试液浓度不同将患者分为A、B、C、D组各32、29、77、81例,分别使用浓度为250 μg/ml、350 μg/ml、450 μg/ml、550 μg/ml的皮试液进行皮试.观察并记录皮试结果及用药中及用药后不良反应.结果 4组皮试阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);4组间青霉素阳性患者头孢菌素类药物皮试阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);青霉素阳性患者与其他患者头孢菌素类药物皮试阳性率比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 应用头孢菌素类药物前用本品稀释后进行皮试简便可行,基于皮试液配制方法的简便性和可操作性,建议皮试液浓度采用250 μg/ml.     

无积水或微积水肾结石经皮肾穿刺41例分析

目的探讨可视经皮肾穿刺在无积水或微量积水肾结石中的应用价值。方法收集2019年12月至2021年12月无锡市第五人民医院与江苏省淮安市淮阴医院收治的41例无积水或微量积水肾结石患者的临床资料, 其中采用传统经皮肾穿刺20例(传统经皮肾穿刺组), 采用可视经皮肾穿刺21例(可视经皮肾穿刺组)。比较分析两组的单次穿刺成功率、单次建立皮肾通道成功率、导丝置入肾盂例数、穿刺并建立皮肾通道时间、形成假道例数等指标。结果传统经皮肾穿刺组行单通道取石16例, 双通道取石4例;可视经皮肾穿刺组行单通道取石16例, 双通道取石5例。两组通道数量比较, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);可视经皮肾穿刺组的单次穿刺成功率、单次建立皮肾通道成功率、导丝置入肾盂例数、穿刺并建立皮肾通道时间优于传统经皮肾穿刺组, 但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。传统经皮肾穿刺组形成假道的例数多于可视经皮肾穿刺组, 但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论可视经皮肾穿刺可以提高穿刺及建立皮肾通道的成功率, 增加手术安全性, 缩短术者的学习曲线。     

折弯连接棒联合伤椎置钉杠杆复位经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效观察

目的比较折弯连接棒联合伤椎置钉杠杆复位经皮内固定和传统椎弓根钉撑开复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-08—2018-06诊治的60例单节段胸腰椎骨折,30例采用折弯连接棒联合伤椎置钉杠杆复位经皮内固定治疗(经皮组),30例采用传统开放椎弓根钉撑开复位内固定治疗(开放组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、伤椎前缘高度比值、矢状面Cobb角、疼痛VAS评分及末次随访时ODI指数。结果经皮组随访时间平均11.6(6～24)个月,开放组随访时间平均12.3(6～23)个月。经皮组与开放组术后3 d伤椎前缘高度比值、矢状面Cobb角差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但末次随访时经皮组伤椎前缘高度比值较开放组高,矢状面Cobb角较开放组低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。经皮组术后3 d、末次随访时疼痛VAS评分及末次随访时ODI指数较开放组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经皮组末次随访时伤椎前缘高度比值、矢状面Cobb角与术后3 d比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。开放组末次随访时伤椎前缘高度比值、矢状面Cobb角存在丢失,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论折弯连接棒联合伤椎置钉杠杆复位经皮椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折创伤小,具有术后恢复快、能有效恢复并维持伤椎高度、矫正脊柱后凸畸形及矫正丢失少的优点。     

经皮邻椎单平面螺钉联合伤椎万向钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效评价

目的对比经皮邻椎单平面螺钉固定与后路开放及经皮万向钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析胸腰椎骨折患者84例,其中30例采用经皮邻椎单平面螺钉固定(A组); 26例采用经皮万向钉固定(B组); 28例采用后路开放术式(C组)。记录三组患者VAS评分,手术疗效及相关并发症。结果 A、B组手术时间、术中出血量、术后VAS评分均明显少于C组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);而A、B组的组间差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。组内比较,三组术后3 d及末次随访时伤椎前缘高度百分比、后凸Cobb角等与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);组间比较,A组术后3 d及末次随访时的以上指标均优于B组(P0. 05);而A、C组差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)结论经皮单平面螺钉联合伤椎万向钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,在术后即刻及末次随椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角及矢状面指数方面均明显优于单纯经皮万向钉,与传统开放组复位效果相当。     

经皮射频消融术与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发性小肝癌的疗效及预后比较

目的:比较经皮射频消融术与腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发性小肝癌的疗效及预后。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2014年12月间收治的140例原发性小肝癌患者资料,其中80例行射频消融术(消融组),60例行腹腔镜肝切除术(腔镜组)。比较两组患者术后血清肝功能指标与肿瘤标志物水平的变化、并发症发生率、根治率、复发率及生存率。结果:术前两组的基线资料、肝功能指标及肿瘤标志物水平均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。术后消融组肝功能指标先升后降,腔镜组则呈持续降低,消融组术后短期内丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平均明显高于腔镜组(均P0.05);两组术后肿瘤标志物水平均逐渐降低,两组间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。消融组术后并发症发生率明显低于腔镜组(3.75%vs. 20.00%,P=0.002)。两组根治率、复发率以及1、2、3年总生存率和无瘤生存率均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:两种手术方式对原发性小肝癌的疗效及预后无统计学差异,射频消融术后并发症较少,但对短期肝功能存在一定损害。     

Co-administration of nitrous oxide reduces the pressor response against oro-tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia with propofol infusion at a low rate

This study investigated the effect of co-administration of nitrous oxide on the cardiovascular changes during induction of anesthesia with propofol infusion at a low rate. Sixty patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups, and received the inhalation of 100% oxygen (group 1) or 60% nitrous oxide and oxygen (group 2) via face mask for 3 minutes before administration of propofol at 15 mg.kg-1.hr-1. After beginning of propofol infusion, patients inhaled each gas continuously and the loss of response to simple commands by the anesthesiologist was considered as hypnosis. The dose and time for achieving hypnosis were determined, and non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded during induction of anesthesia. Cardiovascular changes during induction were not different between the two groups except mean and diastolic blood pressure immediately after oro-tracheal intubation [126 +/- 21 vs. 113 +/- 21 mmHg and 108 +/- 21 vs. 95 +/- 19 mmHg, respectively (mean +/- SD)]. The dose of propofol and the time for achieving hypnosis showed no significant difference (73 +/- 20 vs. 68 +/- 19 mg and 4.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.4 +/- 1.0 min, respectively). Almost all patients were sedated with inhalation of nitrous oxide before infusion of propofol, but no additive effect was observed with nitrous oxide and propofol. Co-administration of nitrous oxide during propofol infusion at a low rate was an effective method to avoid undesirable pressor responses against oro-tracheal intubation without causing adverse cardiovascular depression.     

The effect of a combination of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride and 2% 2‐phenoxyethanol (octenisept®) on wound healing in pigs in vivo and its in vitro percutaneous permeation through intact and barrier disrupted porcine skin

A combination of 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride and 2% 2‐phenoxyethanol (octenisept^®) is a commonly used disinfectant in human medicine. As porcine skin represents an adequate model for human skin, the effect of octenidine dihydrochloride and phenoxyethanol on wound healing is studied in pigs. Furthermore, the in vitro percutaneous permeation of the test substances is studied. The impact of the test formulations on wound healing is examined (A) under non occlusive conditions and (B) in comparison to another disinfectant based on povidone‐iodine under occlusive conditions, while wounds are treated daily with the test substances. The percutaneous permeation of octenidine dihydrochloride and phenoxyethanol is studied in Franz‐type diffusion cells with intact skin as well as barrier disrupted after tape stripping. Compared with povidone‐iodine or vehicle treatment as well as untreated control wounds the treatment of wounds with the test formulation has no influence on the healing rate in pigs and does not induce retardation of wound healing. The in vitro diffusion experiment reveals that octenidine dihydrochloride is only detectable in the acceptor chamber of three‐barrier disrupted skin samples. Phenoxyethanol permeates through intact porcine skin in amounts of 11.3% and through barrier disrupted skin in amounts of 43.9%     

Effect of concomitant administration of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

BACKGROUND: Focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS) is now the most common primary glomerulonephritis that leads to end-stage renal disease in both adults and children. Cyclosporine (CsA) is a well-known and effective immunosuppressive agent that has become a cornerstone of immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation and it has been used in the treatment of FSGS for over 15 years. The deliberate use of ketoconazole (keto) to reduce the need for CsA is not new, but it is particularly relevant because of the high cost of CsA. Many studies have documented this benefit in renal and cardiac transplants, but this co-administration has not been reported in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). METHODS: This study included 116 children (below 18 years of age) with primary FSGS who were steroid resistant or dependent and received CsA therapy. Among them, 88 received daily keto therapy (keto group) in a dose of 50 mg with concomitant decrease of CsA dose by one third, while 28 patients received CsA alone (non-keto group). Mean (+/-SD) age was 6.17 +/- 4.68 years and male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The great majority of the study population received the drugs for 1-2 years. The characteristics of both groups were comparable. RESULTS: Co-administration of keto significantly reduced mean doses of CsA by 46% at 1 year with overall net cost savings of 36%. It also significantly improved the response to CsA therapy and decreased the frequency of renal impairment. No significant side effects for keto were observed. CONCLUSION: Co-administration of keto and CsA in idiopathic FSGS children is safe. This combination not only reduces the costs but also may improve the response to CsA and stabilize the renal function.     

在骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折中改良经皮椎体成形术的应用效果探讨

目的：探讨在骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折中改良经皮椎体成形术的应用效果。方法选取骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者97例,26例采取传统经皮椎体成形术为PVP组;39例采取经皮椎体后凸成形术为PKP组;32例采取改良经皮椎体成形术为改良PVP组,记录三组患者的VAS评分、后凸cobb角改善情况及渗漏率。结果三组患者手术后1周时间、手术后6个月时的VAS评分均较手术前有显著的改善（P＜0.05）,组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;PKP组和改良PVP组的cobb角改善情况显著优于PVP组（P＜0.05）;改良PVP组的渗漏率显著低于PVP组和PKP组（P＜0.05）;PVP组和PKP组渗漏率对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论改良PVP能缓减疼痛,同时可降低渗漏率,值得临床推广。     

Co-administration of cyclosporine and ketoconazole in idiopathic childhood nephrosis

The concomitant use of cyclosporine (CsA) and ketoconazole (keto) in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) has never been reported in the literature. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate cost saving, safety, and efficacy of co-administration of keto and CsA in children with NS. The study included 186 nephrotic children receiving CsA therapy. Most were steroid dependent or resistant, and the most common pathology was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (62%). Among our patients, 137 received daily keto therapy (keto group) 50 mg/day in addition to CsA, while 49 received CsA alone (non-keto group). The characteristics of both groups were comparable and the mean (±SD) duration of treatment was 22.9 ± 8.1 months. Co-administration of keto significantly reduced the mean dose of CsA with an overall net cost saving of 37%. It also resulted in a significant improvement of CsA response, more successful steroid withdrawal, and decreased the frequency of renal impairment. Keto was generally well tolerated and safe. We conclude that co-administration of low-dose keto with CsA in children with idiopathic NS is safe, significantly reduces the cost of CsA therapy, and may improve the patient outcome.     

经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉与开放椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效比较

目的比较经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉与开放椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折的中期临床疗效。方法将76例胸腰椎骨折患者按治疗方法分为两组:42例采用经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉联合伤椎置万向钉治疗(经皮单平面组),34例采用传统后路开放式椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗(传统开放组)。比较两组围手术期相关指标、中期随访时影像学指标及腰背部疼痛改善情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间20~44个月。术中出血量、切口长度经皮单平面组均优于传统开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。后凸Cobb角、矢状面指数、伤椎椎体前缘高度两组术后及末次随访与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。疼痛缓解术后3 d经皮单平面组较传统开放组更明显(P0.05),末次随访时两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮单平面椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效与传统开放手术相当,且创伤小。     

两种方法治疗Bennett骨折的病例对照研究

目的：比较石膏固定和骨片钉固定两种方法治疗Bennett骨折的疗效。方法：对2005年5月至2009年6月收治的31例分别接受2种方法治疗的Bennett骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,其中石膏固定组（A组）17例,男12例,女5例;平均年龄（43.9±5.7）岁;骨折按Buechler分型：1区3例,2区11例,3区3例。骨片钉固定组（B组）14例,男8例,女6例;平均年龄（45.6±6.1）岁;骨折按Buechler分型：1区3例,2区9例,3区2例。观察比较两组患者：①住院时间,骨折愈合时间,固定失败情况;②骨折复位质量采用KjaerPetersen等方法进行对比分析;③拇指运动功能采用Cannon等方法进行评判。结果：31例均获随访,时间6～15个月,平均（9.0±3.5）个月,A、B组平均住院时间分别为（7.0±2.5）d和（9.0±3.9）d,A组住院时间短。术后骨折复位质量：A组优4例,良8例,差5例;B组优8例,良6例,差0例,B组复位质量优于A组。A、B组平均骨折愈合时间分别为（6.0±0.5）周和（6.0±1.9）周,两种治疗方法差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后3个月拇指运动功能：A组优6例,良8例,可3例;B组优8例,良5例,可1例,两种治疗方法差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。A组出现骨折再次移位2例,B组无固定失败病例。结论：两种治疗方法均获得满意疗效,石膏固定具有操作简便、无创伤的优点,但稳定性差,容易发生骨折再移位;骨片钉固定具有固定牢固、术后功能恢复好的优点,但手术创伤大,住院时间长。     

四种牙体充填材料牙冠微渗漏的比较

目的：本实验旨在评价4种牙体充填材料在冠部暂时性封闭窝洞能力。方法：选用4℃保存100颗新鲜离体前牙颈部截断并保证牙根长度不小于10mm。糊剂加牙胶尖侧压充填后,根管口处统一制备成2mm×2mm×3mm的洞形。随机分为5组,每组20颗牙,分别为松风玻璃离子组、磷酸锌水门汀组、聚羧酸水门汀组、国产玻璃离子组、空白组,并经温度循环。每组选15颗牙用细菌渗透法观察细菌渗透后无菌培养液的浑浊情况。每组另外5颗,除空白组外用日立S-570型扫描电子显微镜观察根管冠方充填材料与根管壁间的微缝隙。结果：①细菌渗透法：1个月后松风玻璃离子仅发生2例冠部细菌渗漏,其余充填材料均发生大量细菌渗漏,4种材料间均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;②扫描电镜：磷酸锌水门汀和聚羧酸水门汀均颗粒较粗大,有较大微缝隙夹杂有空气泡;国产玻璃离子表面粗糙内部有许多裂隙;松风玻璃离子与牙本质小管完全密合粘结紧密,无微缝隙存在,4种材料间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：①松风玻璃离子在暂时性窝洞充填过程中冠方抗渗透能力优于国产玻璃离子粘固剂,磷酸锌水门汀,聚羧酸锌水门汀;②本实验中细菌渗透法,扫描电镜所检测结果基本相一致。     

含吡硫翁锌、花粉精、醣丁体等成分的毛发洗护品辅助非那雄胺治疗雄激素性秃发效果

目的观察含吡硫翁锌、花粉精、醣丁体等成分的毛发洗护品辅助非那雄胺治疗雄激素性秃发的效果。方法2018年6月至2019年2月,北京友谊医院皮肤科就诊的60例男性雄激素性秃发患者,年龄18~40岁(30.85±4.73)岁。分为试验组和对照组两组,每组30例,均观察180 d。两组均口服非那雄胺每天1 mg,试验组用含吡硫翁锌、花粉精、醣丁体等成分的毛发洗护品,对照组用普通洗护品,评估治疗前后患者头皮、毛发改善情况及患者满意度。结果试验组治疗180 d与对照组比较,试验组患者头皮出油、瘙痒、头皮屑改善程度、总体使用感均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.744、2.574、2.579、2.134,均P<0.05)。试验组治疗180 d毛发密度显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.077,P<0.05)。满意度方面,试验组患者29例对疗效满意,占96.67%;对照组25例,占83.33%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。60例患者均未见不良反应。结论含吡硫翁锌、花粉精、醣丁体等成分的毛发洗护品辅助非那雄胺能较好地改善雄激素性秃发患者的头皮出油、瘙痒、头皮屑情况,可增加雄激素性秃发患者脱发疗效,耐受性较好。