流行性出血热疫区健康教育干预效果评价

流行性出血热的流行严重威胁着疫区人民健康。浙江省金华县疾病控制中心在开展疫区人群免疫接种与科学灭鼠等控制工作中实施健康教育干预 ,并取得了较好的预期效果 ,疫区传染病得到了有效控制。现将疫区健康教育干预前后结果评价报告如下。材料与方法1 调查对象　在历年均有流行性出血热发病的疫区 (金华县周村乡高儒等 5个自然村 ,)进行健康教育干预对照与实验。干预对象为 5个村所有人群。2 调查方法与内容　以调查员 (经过培训的乡村医生和村干部 )深入到疫区分别在干预前后进行本底调查和评估调查。干预前、后问卷采用内容相同 ,不记…     

绥德县1996～2002年布病监测结果

绥德县是陕西省布鲁氏菌病 (以下简称布病 )老疫区。1996年布病在我县爆发 ,当即开展了流行病学调查工作 ,为了掌握布病爆发后的疫情动态 ,分析指导布病防治工作 ,1997年确定我县为省级布病监测点 ,2 0 0 0年又确定为市级布病监测点 ,现将 1996年～ 2 0 0 2年布病监测结果分析如下。1　对象和方法1.1　调查对象　以与羊及羊产品有密切接触的人群 110 0 7人为调查对象 ,1996年在全县范围内开展了调查 ,1997年～1999年选择薛家河、义合、白家硷流行较严重的 3乡做为省级监测点。 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年选择张家砭、崔家湾、田庄 3乡为市级布病监…     

健康教育与社区居民高血压防治知识变化关系的研究

高血压与社会生活方式和行为密切相关 ,开展健康教育与健康促进 ,是预防和控制高血压的重要措施。为预防高血压的发生 ,减少并发症 ,绍兴市越城区疾病预防控制中心在市心血管病监测区开展健康教育 ,评价社区居民对高血压防治的知识 ,态度 ,行为 (KAP)。现将 1 998年和 2 0 0 3年对社区居民高血压防治知识抽样调查的资料进行比较 ,以观察居民高血压防治知识的变化状况。对象与方法1 对象　两次调查对象均为市区 2 5～ 74周岁自然人群。基线调查共抽查 1 77人 (男 80人 ,女97人 ) ,经 5年强化健康教育后 ,抽查了 2 0 5人(男 93人 ,女 1 1 2…     

流行性出血热疫区健康教育干预效果评价

流行性出血热的流行严重威胁着疫区人民健康。为开展疫区人群免疫接种与科学灭鼠工作,我们在传染病控制工作中实施健康教育干预并取得了较好的预期效果,疫区传染病得到了有效控制。现将疫区健康教育干预前后结果评价分析如下:1 材料与方法1·1 调查对象 选择历年均有发病的流行性出血热疫区进行健康教育干预对照实验。疫区为金华县原周村乡高儒村等5个村,干预对象为5个村所有人群。1·2 调查方法 培训调查员深入到疫区分别在干预前后进行本底调查和评估调查。干预前、后问卷采用相同内容,不记名以询问方式调查记录,并进行复核验收。问卷设题10道,     

常德市鼎城区200户农民卫生知识及行为现状调查

为执行湖南健康教育基本状况调查计划 ,为卫生行政部门制定健康教育工作规划提供依据 ,湖南省常德市鼎城区健康教育所于 2 0 0 1年 1 0月对 2 0 0户(人 )农民的卫生知识知晓率和卫生行为形成率进行了调查 ,现报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　调查对象共计 2 0 0户 (人 ) ,年龄男性79人 ,女性 1 2 1人 ,最小年龄 1 6岁 ,最大年龄 71岁。2 方法　根据鼎城区以沅江为界分为前后两部分的地理特征 ,前河、后河各抽取两个乡 (镇 ) ,其中山区乡 (镇 ) 1个 ,湖区乡 (镇 ) 1个 ,经济发达乡(镇 ) 1个 ,经济发展相对落后乡 (镇 ) 1个 ,每个乡(镇 )随机抽…     

农村肠道传染病预防控制应急健康教育效果评价

肠道传染病是危害广大农村居民群众的重点疾病。2002年3—8月，杭州临安市多个乡镇发生伤寒流行。临安市政府、卫生局、市疾控中心等有关部门采取各种措施，全力扑灭疫情。6月份，全市开展了以防制肠道传染病为主要内容的“夏令卫生宣传月”活动，采用电视、广播、报纸(专刊)、画板巡展、宣传栏(黑板报)、讲座、健教资料发放等进行多种形式的健康教育，防止伤寒等肠道传染病蔓延。8月上旬，我们组织人员对“夏令卫生宣传月”应急健康教育效果进行回顾调查，结果如下。     

青海省疾病现状调查

为掌握青海省居民疾病谱现状,制定疾病防治策略、措施和为健康教育提供科学依据。青海省疾病预防控制中心于2 0 0 1年9～1 0月对部分市县进行流行病学调查。结果报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　西宁市、民和县、互助县、兴海县、泽库县城乡居民2 63 5 7人。2 方法　城市随机抽取一个街道办事处的1～2个居委会:农牧区随机抽取一个乡,1～2个村为调查点,不足5 0 0 0人可向邻近居委会或村扩大。用统一制定的青海省居民疾病调查表对各层抽到的居民进行入户调查。原始数据录入计算机,剔除不合格表格。用Epiinfo软件对资料进行分析。结　　果青海…     

北京市东城区公众预防非典型肺炎知、信、行问卷调查

自 2 0 0 3年 3月下旬北京市发现非典型肺炎以来 ,北京市东城区疾病预防控制中心健康教育所向辖区广大公众做了大量预防非典型肺炎相关知识、信念、行为教育活动 ,截至 4月下旬收到了明显效果。为评价 1个月以来预防非典型肺炎宣传教育工作效果 ,东城区疾病预防控制中心健康教育所于 2 0 0 3年 4月 2 2、2 3日 ,对街道、学校 (含高中、初中、小学 )、医院、商场、机关及社会团体共 2 5 1人 ,进行了“非典型肺炎知识、信念、行为问卷调查” ,现报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　北京市东城区街道、学校 (含高中、初中、小学 )医院、商场、机关及…     

山西省侯马市公众艾滋病知信行调查分析

艾滋病是严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病 ,也是当今全球面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。根据Anderson等提出的性病流行动力学理论 ,通过对公众健康教育 ,降低艾滋病病毒的传播率 ,是控制艾滋病传播感染的重要措施。侯马市是世行贷款卫Ⅸ项目市 ,近年来本市已发现艾滋病病毒感染者 8例 ,为了解本市公众艾滋病知识水平 ,为卫Ⅸ项目的实施提供有利的依据 ,实现《中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划( 1 998～ 2 0 1 0 )》和《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划 ( 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 5)》的目标 ,山西省侯马市疾病预防控制中心于 2 0 0 3年 7～ 8月对本市3个乡…     

芜湖市血吸虫病流行区居民血防健康教育基线调查

为了解安徽省芜湖市血吸虫病流行区居民血防健康教育基本情况,制定切实可行的健康教育实施方案,芜湖市地方病防治站于2 0 0 2年1 0～1 1月抽取2个流行村开展血防健康教育基线调查,现将结果报告如下。对象与方法1 对象　在芜湖市选择大桥镇东梁村(一类村,人群粪检血吸虫感染率≥5% )和上闸村(三类村,人群粪检血吸虫感染率<1 % )。共1 87户,597人,其中男性3 1 2人,女性2 85人。职业:务农2 75人,占46 1 % ;渔(船)民58人,占9 7% ;工人48人,占8 0 % ;教师2人,占0 3 % ;学生1 4 4人,占2 4 1 % ;学龄前儿童1 1人,占1 8% ;家庭主妇3 7人,占…     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.