血清PSA结合病理分级预测前列腺癌骨转移

探讨血清PSA结合前列腺癌病理分级预测前列腺癌骨转移价值.对202例新诊断的前列腺癌患者, 以同位素全身骨扫描为金标准分为骨转移和非骨转移组, 分析血清PSA水平、病理分级和同位素骨扫描结果的关系.PSA RIA检测结果: 血清PSA＜10μg/L和PSA＜20μg/L病理分级中、高度分化者骨转移的发生率为7%和6%, 两者无统计学差异; PSA＜20μg/L病理分级低度分化者和血清20μg/L＜PSA＜100μg/L者,骨转移的发生率为33%和39%, 两组无统计学差异; PSA＞100μg/L者骨转移发生率为80%.建议排除对没有骨痛、血清PSA＜10μg/L和PSA＜20μg/L病理分级中、高度分化者和PSA＞100μg/L者行同位素骨扫描.     

PSA、cPSA检测和骨显像对前列腺癌早期骨转移的诊断价值

目的:分析前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、复合前列腺特异性抗原(cPSA)联检和核素全身骨显像对前列腺癌早期骨转移的诊断价值.方法:选择152例患者(其中74例为临床确诊的前列腺癌患者,78例为良性前列腺疾病患者),全部进行血清PSA、cPSA检测,并同时对74例临床确诊的前列腺癌患者进行核素全身骨显像.另选择正常健康查体男性90例检测血清PSA、cPSA结果作为对照组.并计算cPSA/PSA比值.结果:前列腺癌患者血清PSA、cPSA检测结果及cPSA/PSA比值显著高于良性前列腺疾病患者及正常健康男性.其中,骨转移阳性显像组血清PSA、cPSA水平及cPSA/PSA比值显著高于非骨转移显像组,检测存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:当PSA＞20μg/L、cPSA＞10μg/L、cPSA/PSA＞0.80时,发生前列腺癌骨转移的可能性较大,应常规做核素全身骨显像,可早期、全面地发现前列腺癌骨转移.     

血清PSA、FPSA测定在前列腺癌骨转移诊断中的价值

目的 探讨检测前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、游离PSA(FPSA)对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值.方法 对68例经临床确诊的前列腺癌患者的PSA和FPSA检测结果及全身骨显像进行回顾分析.结果 前列腺癌骨转移组和非骨转移组PSA和FPSA的均值差异均有显著性(P<0.01);PSA<10ug/L的7例患者中,发生骨转移者1例,诊断阳性率为14.3%;PSA在10ug/L～50ug/L的患者共18例.发生骨转移者7例,诊断阳性率为38.9%;PSA>50ug/L的患者43例,发生骨转移39例,诊断阳性率为90.7%.结论 PSA<10ug/L的前列腺癌患者发生骨转移的可能性小;PSA>50ug/L的患者发生骨转移的可能性大.     

SPECT全身骨显像、血清tPSA及fPSA/tPSA比值及病理分级与前列腺癌骨转移的关系探讨

目的：探讨SPECT全身骨显像、血清tPSA水平、fPSA/tPSA比值及前列腺癌病理分级与前列腺癌骨转移的关系,并研究其发生骨转移的规律和特点。方法：以核医学SPECT全身骨显像为金标准,回顾性分析了体外放免法测定的107例前列腺癌患者的血清PSA（前列腺特异抗原）水平、血清fPSA/tPSA比值及全身骨显像和病理分级。结果：107例前列腺癌患者：49例发生骨转移,占45.8%（49/107）,其中不同病理分组之间骨转移发生率比较差异有统计学意义,分化程度越低,骨转移发生率越高;随着tPSA水平的升高,骨转移的发生率明显增加;血清tPSA（4～40）ng/ml时,采用fPSA/tPSA比值,可明显提高前列腺癌诊断特异性。结论：前列腺癌患者骨转移发生率与前列腺癌的分化程度、血清PSA水平及fPSA/tPSA比值有一定的关系。分化程度越低,骨转移发生率越高。     

肿瘤标志物fPSA的临床应用及其初步评估

为对游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)/总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)比值在临床应用中的价值进行评估, 本文应用电化学发光免疫测定法, 检测了38例Pca、68例BPH患者以及43名无前列腺疾病的正常男子血清tPSA和fPSA含量, 并计算fPSA/tPA的比值.结果表明单独以血清tPSA大于4.0μg/L作为诊断Pca的标准,其灵敏度和特异性分别为84.2%、75.0%.若以血清fPSA/tPSA小于0.13作为诊断Pca的限定值,当血清tPSA小于2.0μg/L时,fPSA/tPSA比值的灵敏度和特异性分别为100.0%、57.0%;当血清tPSA大于20.0μg/L时,fPSA/tPSA比值的灵敏度和特异性分别为62.1%、66.7%, 而当血清tPSA水平在2-20μg/L时, fPSA/tPSA比值的灵敏度和特异性分别为93.6%、89.9%.结果提示fPSA/tPSA比值对tPSA水平在2-20μg/L这组人群前列腺癌诊断的准确率可以大大提高,而对此以外的人群并无太大价值.     

电化学发光免疫分析F/T PSA比值对前列腺癌早期诊断的观察

目的:观察前列腺特异性抗原游离与总量比值(F/T PSA比值)对前列腺癌(PCa)早期诊断的价值.方法:采用电化学发光免疫分析技术检测136例正常健康男性、98例前列腺增生(BPH)患者和99例前列腺癌(PCa)患者血清的T-PSA和F-PSA,并求出F/T PSA比值,然后进行统计学分析.结果:正常对照组、BPH组PCa组的T-PSA、F-PSA及F/TPSA比值分别为:1.43±1.13、0.44±0.34、0.36±0.15;7.84±6.08、1.88±1.37、0.26±0.08;23.95±21.12、3.52±3.41、0.16±0.08,上述各组三项指标两两之间比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.001).PCa组根据T-PSA检测值＜4.0μg/L、4.0～10.0μg/L、＞10μg/L分为三组,显示T-PSA、F-PSA组间两两比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.001),但F/TPSA比值相比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).正常对照组与PCa组T-PSA＜4μg/L三项检测指标比较示T-PSA和F/TPSA比值均有显著性差异(P＜0.001),而F-PSA之间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).将F/T PSA比值分为＜0.10、0.11～0.15、0.16～0.2、0.21～0.25、0.26～0.30以及＞0.31以上六个截点,显示在0.20截点以内PCa患者占有率为74.51%.结论:F/T PSA比值的检测对血清T-PSA＜4μg/L、4～10μg/L以及＞10μg/L的患者在诊断PCa中均有良好的临床价值,特别当T-PSA处于较低水平状态下做到早期诊断PCa显得尤为重要.     

前列腺增生及前列腺癌患者f-PSA/T-PSA的变化

目的:探讨诊断灰区内血清游离态前列腺特异性抗原与总前列腺特异性抗原的比值,在前列腺增生与前列腺癌的鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:选择血清总前列腺特异性抗原(4.0～10.0)μg/L的39例前列腺癌患者和36例前列腺增生患者,检测血清中总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)和游离态前列腺特异性抗原(f-PSA),计算f/T比值.结果:T-PSA在(4.0～10.0)μg/L,组间T-PSA浓度无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而(f/T)PSA比值有显著性差异(P＜0.05),前列腺癌患者f/T比值明显低于前列腺增生患者(P＜0.01).结论:应用f/T比值＜0.16为鉴别点,提高了对前列腺癌诊断灵敏性和特异性,尤其T-PSA在(4.0～10.0)μg/L更有意义.     

动态观察PSA和F PSA/PSA对诊断前列腺癌的临床价值

为了评价游离前列腺抗原(F PSA)/前列腺抗原(PSA)比值和PSA动态变化(年变化率)在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值.本文应用ELISA追踪检测PSA在4～10μg/L范围患者在不同时段内PSA水平,并与正常人进行对照,利用ROC曲线,评价F PSA/PSA比值和PSA年变化率两项指标在前列腺癌诊断时的预示价值.结果表明:前列腺癌患者的F PSA/PSA比值和PSA年变化率与非前列腺癌组之间具有显著性差异(P＜0.001),当F PSA/PSA比值的临床判断值为0.21时,诊断灵敏度为93.5%,特异性为91.4%;当PSA年变化率的临床判断值为0.85%.诊断灵敏度为82.6%,诊断特异性为97.9%.前列腺增生患者F PSA/PSA比值与正常人之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而PSA年变化率与正常人比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.001).提示F PSA/PSA比值和PSA年变化率有助于PSA在4～10μg/L范围的患者前列腺癌的诊断.     

血清PSA和BALP测定在前列腺癌骨显像诊断中的应用

目的：探讨血PSA和BALP的测定在前列腺癌骨显像诊断中的应用。方法：对96例前列腺癌患者的核素骨显像结果、血清PSA和BALP结果进行回顾性研究。结果：①血清PSA和BALP的值随着骨转移分期的增高而逐步升高,且差异显著（P〈0.01）;②血清PSA和BALP与骨转移的数目呈正相关,相关系数（r）分别为0.582（P〈0.01）和0.768（P〈0.01）;③血清PSA〉20ng/ml时,骨转移的阳性率为65.4%,血清PSA〈20ng/ml时,骨转移的阴性预测值为92.6%;血清BALP〉20u/L时,骨转移的阳性率为58.9%时,骨转移的阴性预测值为76.5%;当血清PSA〈20ng/ml同时BALP〈20u/L时,骨转移的阴性预测值为100%。结论：血清PSA和BALP测定在前列腺癌骨显像诊断中具有重要的应用价值。     

PSA、SPECT骨显像在前列腺癌诊断和治疗中的临床价值

目的:探讨PSA、SPECT骨显像在前列腺癌诊断及治疗中的临床应用.方法:对72例经临床确诊的前列腺癌患者全部行血清PSA测定及全身骨显像,并对部分患者治疗后进行了随访.结果:前列腺癌组PSA明显高于正常对照组、良性前列腺疾病组;前列腺癌骨转移组PSA明显高于非骨转移组;72例前列腺癌初诊患者骨显像发现24例骨转移瘤,阳性率33.3%.结论:血清PSA与骨显像联检对前列腺癌临床诊断、疗效观察及预后判定具有重要的指导意义.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.