三维CT引导卵圆孔定位射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的护理

对20例三叉神经痛患者采用三维CT重建引导卵圆孔精确定位射频热凝治疗.结果 经治疗后,疼痛立即消失19例,疼痛减轻1例,有效率100%.术后电话随访3～12个月.无感染等并发症发生,面部疼痛复发1例,经再次给予射频热凝毁损后疼痛消失.提出术前加强心理护理与健康教育,做好环境、设备准备;术中严格无菌操作,密切配合;术后密切观察患者体征,严格警惕颅内感染发生的征象,做好眼部、口腔、皮肤护理及健康教育,可降低并发症发生率,促进患者早日康复.     

微创脉冲射频治疗原发性舌咽神经痛患者的护理

目的探讨微创脉冲射频治疗原发性舌咽神经痛的护理方法。方法对6例原发性舌咽神经痛患者行微创脉冲射频治疗,给予精心的围术期护理。结果6例患者经1次射频治疗,3例疼痛完全消失,3例疼痛缓解,随访6个月1例复发经再次射频治疗疼痛缓解。结论对患者进行心理护理和健康教育,加强术中监测和术后护理,防止迷走神经反应是保证患者康复的必要措施。     

微创脉冲射频治疗原发性舌咽神经痛患者的护理

目的探讨微创脉冲射频治疗原发性舌咽神经痛的护理方法。方法对6例原发性舌咽神经病患者行微创脉冲射频治疗,给予精心的围术期护理。结果6例患者经1次射频治疗,3例疼痛完全消失,3例疼痛缓解,随访6个月1例复发经再次射频治疗疼痛缓解。结论对患者进行心理护理和健康教育,加强术中监测和术后护理,防止迷走神经反应是保证患者康复的必要措施。     

意外分娩产妇院前急救的感染控制

对60例胃底静脉曲张出血患者在内镜下行胃曲张静脉组织粘合剂注射治疗，19例患者术后发生并发症，其中发热7例、胸骨后疼痛6例、再出血4例、术中出血1例、胃溃疡1例，对症处理后症状消失。提出熟练掌握栓塞技术，迅速准确地进行静脉注射、避免过量注射；对现存及潜在并发症应予以充分的临床评估，做好预防性护理、饮食指导、健康教育及术后随访，可减轻和预防并发症发生，提高止血效果。     

膀胱癌局部灌注化疗加射频热疗患者的护理

对10例膀胱癌患者进行局部灌注化疗加射频热疗。结果肿瘤缩小6例，消失3例，无变化1例。提出做好心理护理，正确执行治疗，及时处理疼痛、出血和化疗并发症，可使患者获得满意疗效。     

内镜下组织粘合剂注射术后并发症的护理

对60例胃底静脉曲张出血患者在内镜下行胃曲张静脉组织粘合剂注射治疗,19例患者术后发生并发症,其中发热7例、胸骨后疼痛6例、再出血4例、术中出血1例、胃溃疡1例,对症处理后症状消失。提出熟练掌握栓塞技术,迅速准确地进行静脉注射、避免过量注射;对现存及潜在并发症应予以充分的临床评估,做好预防性护理、饮食指导、健康教育及术后随访,可减轻和预防并发症发生,提高止血效果。     

2例经皮球囊椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者的护理

对2例经皮球囊椎体成形治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者进行护理，术前做好心理护理，疼痛的护理，功能锻炼的指导，完善相关检查；术后做好生命体征的观察，积极预防骨水泥外渗、肺栓塞等并发症的发生，并指导合理饮食，加强功能锻炼。结果2例术后未发生并发症，痊愈出院，治疗效果满意。     

膀胱癌局部灌注化疗加射频热疗患者的护理

对10例膀胱癌患者进行局部灌注化疗加射频热疗。结果肿瘤缩小6例,消失3例,无变化1例。提出做好心理护理,正确执行治疗,及时处理疼痛、出血和化疗并发症,可使患者获得满意疗效。     

氩氦靶向冷冻治疗肝肿瘤并发症的护理

总结217例肝肿瘤氩氯刀治疗患者术中、术后并发症发生种类及原因并进行护理。结果8例肝出血，除1例出血多年龄大抢救无效死亡外，5例胸腔积液，1例胆瘘经治疗及护理治愈。提出严格掌握肝肿瘤氩氯刀治疗适应症和操作规程，充分做好术前准备，术中、术后密切观察患者病情变化，及时对症处理，可减少并发症的发生。     

CT引导下经皮圆孔穿刺射频温控热凝术治疗三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的疗效及安全性

目的探讨薄层CT引导下经皮穿刺圆孔射频热凝术治疗药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的疗效及安全性。方法对药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的22例患者行CT引导下经皮穿刺圆孔射频热凝术治疗,采用巴罗神经学研究所(BNI)分级评定标准评价患者术后疗效,观察术后并发症情况。结果 22例患者术后即刻疼痛完全缓解率达95.45%(21/22),1例患者术后疼痛有所缓解,但服药后可以控制(BNI分级Ⅲ级)。2例患者术后复发,均再次行射频术,术后即刻疼痛均完全缓解(BNI分级Ⅰ级)。随访3~19个月,平均(7.73±4.69)个月。所有患者均无任何严重并发症发生。结论薄层CT引导下经皮穿刺圆孔射频热凝治疗药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛(第Ⅱ支)的疗效可靠、并发症少,可作为药物无效或复发性三叉神经痛的一种理想微创治疗手段。     

Rules for allocation of livers for transplantation

Previous rules of allocation of livers for transplantation were based mainly on local priorities, with final management left to the local team. This created substantial regional disparities. A prospective survey of waiting list deaths and dropouts due to aggravation of liver disease (2003-2005) validated the MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score on French data. A new allocation score (Liver Score) for liver transplants, based on specific variables for each liver disease, was introduced in March 2007. An initial evaluation, based on the first 5 months of practice, clearly shows that the Liver Score reduces the rates of deaths, dropouts, and futile transplantations; it also accelerates access to transplantation for the sickest patients. Several points remain unresolved: both the MELD and Liver scores may be improved. The variability of the MELD score related to different laboratory assay methods requires harmonization between laboratories.     

Survey of arrangements for anaesthesia for interventional neuroradiology for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

The management of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage following rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is changing. The recent introduction of endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm using detachable coils offers an alternative to craniotomy and clipping of the aneurysm for the prevention of recurrent aneurysmal haemorrhage. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the current provision of peri-operative care for patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. A survey was conducted of the 34 neuroscience centres which provide an adult neurosurgery service in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Most centres reported an increasing role for coiling, and a decreasing role for clipping in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The provision of peri-operative care for patients undergoing interventional neuroradiology procedures varied greatly between centres. Neurovascular services in the UK are being reorganised and adequate staff and facilities should be available for the peri-operative care of patients undergoing interventional neuroradiology procedures.     

Risk factors for osteoporosis for residents of Kiwa

We evaluated 207 individuals (49 men and 158 women) living in a small town in central Japan to identify the risk factors for, and the etiology of, osteoporosis. Female sex, advanced age, short stature, low body weight, and deficiencies in calcium and protein intake were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Nutrition appeared to be strongly related to a decrease in bone mass, because subjects who lived solitary lives were more likely to have decreased bone mass and bone mass was similar between husbands and wives.     

Criteria for selection of patients for bariatric surgery

Because of the high prevalence of co-morbid conditions and poor life expectancy a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 kg/m(2) or more is an indication for surgery in a fully informed, consenting adult in optimal medical condition to tolerate general anaesthesia. Patients with BMI of 35-40 kg/m(2) and the existence of one or more serious obesity-related conditions ameliorated by weight loss, such as hypertension, pulmonary insufficiency, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus etc., are also candidates for surgical treatment. The bariatric surgeon should use these international criteria as guidelines only, not strict rules. Attempts on the part of internists and more frequently insurance carriers to require documented failure of previous non-operative treatment is not meaningful.