阿伦膦酸钠对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度、细胞因子及骨代谢指标的影响

目的观察阿伦膦酸钠治疗绝经后骨质疏松症（PMO）患者,其骨密度（BMD）、IL-6、TNFα、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）及骨代谢指标的变化。方法选择年龄55—60岁的PMO患者共185例,随机分为：阿伦膦酸钠组69例,替勃龙组66例,钙剂组50例和年龄相匹配的正常妇女20例作为对照组。各组均于用药前和用药后24、48周测定BMD（采用DEXA骨密度仪）、雌二醇（E2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP,放免法）、骨钙素（BGP）、Ⅰ型胶原N末端肽（NTX）、IL-6、TNFα、IGF-Ⅰ（ELISA）。结果阿伦膦酸钠组和替勃龙组BMD较治疗前均有不同程度的提高,腰椎BMD增幅分别为2．53％、3．65％（P〈0．05）,非优势侧股骨近端增幅分别为7．17％、3．01％（P〈0．001）。替勃龙组E2水平明显上升（P〈0．01）,IL-6、TNFα、NTX下降（P〈0．01）;阿伦膦酸钠组E2水平无变化（P〉0．05）,ALP、BGP水平上升（P〈0．05）,NTX水平下降（P〈0．05）,IGF-Ⅰ、IL-6、TNFα水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）;钙剂组和对照组各部位BMD、E2、IGF-Ⅰ、ALP、BGP继续下降（P〈0．05）,而IL-6、TNFα、NTX升高（P〈0．05）。结论阿伦膦酸钠组治疗PMO疗效显著,与替勃龙相仿。单纯服用钙剂不能治疗PMO．且继续骨量丢失。     

Bone mineral density and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bone mineral density and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in ambulatory premenopausal female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: 30 women who fulfilled the ARA criteria for the classification of SLE were studied. Lumbar and femoral bone mineral density was determined by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Various laboratory parameters including serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone specific isoform of alkaline phophatase, propeptide of type 1 procollagen, deoxypyridinoline excretion, telopeptide of type 1 collagen, serum creatinine, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, 25-OH vitamin D, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinotropic hormone were measured. RESULTS: According to the WHO criteria 39% of all patients with SLE studied had normal bone mineral density, 46% had osteopenia and 15% had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine; at the femoral neck 38.5% had normal bone mineral density, 38.5% had osteopenia and 23% suffered from osteoporosis. Significantly lower osteocalcin levels were found in SLE patients. All other bone resorption and formation markers measured were not statistically different, but higher serum albumin corrected calcium and lower phosphorus values were found in the SLE group. Of all sex hormones tested lower testosterone and higher follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were seen in patients with SLE. CONCLUSION: A high incidence was found of osteopenia and osteoporosis in premenopausal patients with SLE. Bone diminution in SLE seems to be attributable, at least in part, to decreased bone formation in SLE patients.     

鲑鱼降钙素对绝经后骨质疏松症的影响

目的观察鲑鱼降钙素对绝经后骨质疏松症的作用。方法鲑鱼降钙素治疗组９２例,隔日肌注５０Ｕ,每日加服元素钙３００ｍｇ,单用钙剂治疗的对照组２３例,每日服元素钙３００ｍｇ。疗程６个月。结果用药组腰２～４椎骨密度分别升高９．３％,１０．６％和８．９％,髋部骨密度无改变,与此同时,血骨钙素明显升高,尿羟脯氨酸／肌酐比值明显降低。对照组用药前后无明显改变。结论鲑鱼降钙素有改善绝经后骨质疏松病人腰椎骨密度作用,其机理与增加骨合成和降低骨吸收有关。     

Osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism estimated by photon absorptiometry.

The degree of osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism before and during treatment with carbimazole was studied by photon absorption technique of the right forearm and calcaneus. In addition serum total calcium, serum ionized calcium, serum phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase were determined. A group of 96 patients suffering from untreated hyperthyroidism (85 women and 11 men) was studied (79 of these patients were also followed during treatment) and compared to a control group of 157 persons (107 women and 50 men). The women were divided into two groups: less than or equal to 45 years old and more than 45 years old. In all groups untreated hyperthyroid patients showed lower bone densities compared to the control group, but this was only significant in women. During treatment all groups showed a significant increase in density. After 3-6 months of treatment bone density in the calcaneus increased 12% and in the forearm 1.5%; after 6 months - 3 years 33% and 31%, respectively. At that time bone density was normalized. There was no correlation between bone density in hyperthyroid patients and duration and severity of the disease. The biochemical changes were characterised by increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (26%), serum total calcium (16%) and serum ionized calcium concentration (17%) in cases of untreated hyperthyroidism. Serum phosphorus concentration did not change. A correlation was found between elevation of the alkaline phosphatase and decreased bone density.     

绝经后妇女白介素1受体拮抗物基因多态性与骨密度的关系

目的 研究绝经后妇女白介素1（IL-1）受体拮抗物基因（IL-1RN）多态性与骨密度，骨生化指标之间的相互关系。方法 采用PCR和电泳检测IL-1RN多态性，双能X线骨密度仪（DEXA）测定腰椎和股骨颈骨密度。结果 在166例绝经后妇女中发现了A1A1，A1A2和A1A4三种IL-1RN基因型，91%的绝经后妇女属于A1A1型，杂合子A1A2/A4型的腰椎骨密度低于纯合子A1A1型，但这种差异受到体重的影响。两组的骨生化指标差异无显著性。结论 IL-1RN多态性与体重有关，但与骨密度无直接关系。     

Serum interleukin-6 levels and bone mineral density at the femoral neck in post-menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Although osteopenia is often reported in Type 1 diabetes mellitus, the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Oestrogen deficiency also leads to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Enhanced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production among Type 1 diabetic patients could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic bone loss since it is a potent bone resorbing cytokine. AIMS: To evaluate the relationship between serum bioactive IL-6 levels and BMD at the femoral neck of post-menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We studied BMD, urine excretion of deoxypirydynoline crosslinks, serum bioactive IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in 20 post-menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and compared these results with 20 matched healthy post-menopausal controls. RESULTS: Post-menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes had significantly lower BMD at the femoral neck and increased serum bioactive IL-6 levels compared with the control group, but no relationship was observed between these variables in a multiple regression analysis. Using BMD at the femoral neck of diabetic women as the dependent variable in the multiple step regression analysis model, we found that independent variables that were strongly associated with bone mass at the femoral neck in this group were: time since menopause and duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study had a small sample size, we found that post-menopausal women with Type 1 diabetes mellitus present lower bone mass and higher serum bioactive IL-6 levels than matched healthy controls, but we were unable to find a correlation between these two parameters.     

Serum interleukin 6 is a major predictor of bone loss in women specific to the first decade past menopause

The role of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a predictor of bone loss was examined in a population-based, longitudinal study of 137 postmenopausal German women, 52-80 yr old at baseline. Serum IL-6 and other biochemical parameters were measured in baseline blood or urine specimens. Repeat standardized measures of bone mineral density (BMD) at the femur (total hip) and the lumbar spine (L2-L4) were taken by dual x-ray absorptiometry an average of 3.3 yr apart. Medical history and anthropometric measures were obtained from standardized interview and examination. Crude and age-adjusted mean serum IL-6 levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with than without hormone replacement therapy at baseline. Among nonusers of hormone replacement therapy, serum IL-6 concentrations were highly predictive of femoral bone loss, independently of potential confounders and plasma sex hormones. Statistical interaction between serum IL-6 and menopausal age or menopausal age group (>10 vs. < or =10 yr) indicated that the effect of IL-6 on bone loss weakened with increasing distance from menopause and was no longer significant in women more than 10 yr after menopause. Among women up to 10 yr past menopause (n = 39), serum IL-6 was the single most important predictor of femoral bone loss, accounting for up to 34% of the total variability of change in BMD. The unadjusted linear model predicted an annual 1.34% (95% confidence interval, 0.67-2.01) decrease in total hip BMD per log unit increase in serum IL-6. A similar, although nonsignificant, effect of serum IL-6 on vertebral bone loss was restricted to women within the first 6 yr after menopause (n = 18). These epidemiological data show that serum IL-6 is a predictor of postmenopausal bone loss, and that the effect appears to be most relevant through the first postmenopausal decade. Whether these findings reflect pathogenetic differences between early and postmenopausal bone loss, and whether serum IL-6 also predicts fracture risk need further elucidation.     

Bone density in women with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists

Objectives (1) to evaluate bone density in women with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists and healthy controls, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), (2) to classify the results according to the current International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) criteria, and (3) to correlate bone density with lean and fat masses, biochemical data and clinical aspects of prolactinomas. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed in two University referral centers. Forty-five premenopausal women with prolactinoma were submitted to DXA and blood analysis (prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, C-telopeptides of type 1 collagen, and osteocalcin) by the time of their clinical evaluation. They were compared with 25 control women of similar age and body mass index distribution. Results Women with prolactinoma had lower lumbar spine Z-score than controls. Femoral neck, trochanter, and total proximal femur Z-scores were similar in patients and controls. Twenty-two percent of the patients had Z-scores below the expected age range vs. 4% in the control group. Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total proximal femur Z-scores were mainly correlated with the amenorrhea duration. The trochanter Z-score was associated with the gynoid lean/fat mass ratio. Conclusions Based on the current ISCD criteria, bone density evaluation in women with prolactinoma reveals bone loss, especially of trabecular type. Bone density in these patients was particularly associated with the duration of amenorrhea, which reinforces the importance of the adequate disease control in women with prolactinoma in order to avoid complications of this disease.     

Relationships between bone mineral density, serum vitamin D metabolites and calcium:phosphorus intake in healthy perimenopausal women

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationships between serum vitamin D metabolites, bone mass, and dietary calcium and phosphorus in a cohort of 510 healthy Danish perimenopausal women. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 510 healthy women aged 45-58 years, with amenorrhoea for 3-24 months. None of the women was using hormone replacement therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements of total bone mineral content and regional bone mineral density were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analyses of serum levels of 25-OHD and 1,25-(OH)2D, intact PTH, ionized calcium and phosphate, as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover in blood and urine. Assessment of calcium and phosphorus intake using dietary records. RESULTS: A consistent inverse relationship between serum 1,25-(OH)2D and bone mineral content/ density was found in whole-body mineral content (P = 0.001), spine (P = 0.005) and femoral neck (P<0.05). There was a positive relationship between levels of 1,25-(OH)2D and biochemical bone markers, indicating that high levels of 1,25-(OH)2D are accompanied by increased bone turnover. The dietary calcium:phosphorus ratio was inversely related to serum 1,25-(OH)2D (P = 0.04) and positively related to bone mineral density (P<0.0005). No relationships could be detected between levels of PTH, serum ionized calcium and phosphate, and serum vitamin D metabolites. CONCLUSION: Within normal physiological range, elevated levels of 1,25-(OH)2D were associated with decreased bone mineral density and content, reduced calcium:phosphorus ratio in the diet and increased bone turnover.     

Body weight and/or endogenous estradiol as determinants of cortical bone mass and bone loss in healthy early postmenopausal women.

The objective was to study the independent relationships of body mass index and endogenous estradiol to cortical bone mineral density and the rate of cortical bone loss at the radius in healthy early postmenopausal women. Fifty-one healthy early postmenopausal women (aged 58-66 years) participated. The women were a subset of a population participating in a 10-year longitudinal study to elucidate the influence of dietary calcium on the rate of cortical bone loss. Cortical bone mineral density at the radius, body weight and body height were measured annually (1979-89). Concentrations of sex steroids were measured in serum samples collected during the last year of follow-up (1989). Endogenous estradiol levels, although significantly positively correlated with body mass index, were not independently related to bone mass indices of the radius. Body mass index, on the other hand, was found to be positively related to cortical bone mineral density and negatively to the rate of bone loss, even after adjustments had been made for confounding factors. Our results suggest that the level of total estradiol is not an important determinant of cortical bone mass indices in healthy early postmenopausal women. Other factors of overweight such as mechanical loading may be important.     

Alcohol Consumption Inhibits Bone Growth and Development in Young Actively Growing Rats

Adolescence is an age of widespread alcohol abuse, but the effect of alcohol consumption on bone formation has not been studied in the young population. This study addresses the effect of alcohol on the early phases of bone growth and development in an animal model. Four-week-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Alcohol-treated animals were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet ad libitum containing 35% ethanol-derived calories, whereas the pair-fed animals (weight-matched to ethanol rats) received an iso-caloric liquid diet in which maltose-dextrin substituted calories supplied by ethanol. Chow animals were fed a standard rat chow ad libitum. Proximal tibiae (primarily cancellous bone) and femora (primarily cortical bone) were removed for analysis after 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks on the diets. Serum was collected for analysis of calcium levels, osteocalcin, corticosterone, growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The most rapid weight gain occurred between 6 and 8 weeks of age, and it was significantly delayed in alcohol and pair-fed animals. Almost all morphological parameters of bone were lower in the alcohol groups. No significant difference in serum calcium levels, osteocalcin, or growth hormone levels were found, and small difference in calciotropic hormone levels was found between groups. The results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption during the age of bone development reduces bone density and peak bone mass in both cortical and cancellous bone. The mechanism whereby this effect occurs is not fully understood, but, our results suggest that the negative impact of alcohol on growing bone is not due to the secondary effects of altered bone mineral regulating hormones.     

Handgrip Strength is an Independent Predictor of Distal Radius Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women

Several cross-sectional studies have reported a positive correlation between muscle strength and local bone mineral density. However, very few studies have evaluated the possible role of confounding variables, which may be substantial as both bone mineral density and muscle strength are multifactorial variables. We studied 140 postmenopausal women who underwent their first osteodensitometry in our hospital. Of these, 102 women affected neither by bone diseases apart from primary osteoporosis nor treated with drugs affecting bone mass were selected. Distal radius bone mineral density of the non-dominant arm was assessed by dual photon absorptiometry. Handgrip strength was measured by a handheld dynamometer. The following factors influencing bone mass were also considered: age, years since menopause, years of cyclic ovarian activity, body weight, body height, body mass index, and both calcium and alcohol dietary intake. Statistical evaluation was performed by stepwise multiple regression analysis. This showed that only two variables were independently related to bone mineral density: handgrip strength (which was the best bone density predictor among the studied independent variables) and years since menopause. R² value was 0.43 (F=38.04, p<0.001). All the other variables studied were not significantly related to bone density when the effects of both strength and years since menopause were considered. In conclusion, the data showed that handgrip strength was a strong independent predictor of distal radius bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Clinical assessment of osteoporosis risk factors, including muscle strength, is recommended: although it is not an adequate substitute for bone densitometry, it can help clinicians to identify the risk groups at which to direct bone density measurement. Received: 1 October 1999 / Accepted: 29 May 2000     

绝经前、后女性骨代谢指标与白介素-1β受体拮抗剂的关系

目的探讨白介素-1β及其受体拈抗剂在绝经后女性骨代谢中的作用。方法选择绝经后女性128名,绝经前女性47名。用酶联免疫法测定受试者血清白介素-1β（IL-1β）、IL-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Ra）、血清骨钙素（BGP）、尿I型胶原C末端肽（CTX）水平。用放射免疫法测定总雌二醇（E2）。结果绝经后女性组受试者L24、股骨颈、大转子的骨密度、E2、IL-1Ra／IL-1β比值和BGP较绝经前女性低,但CTX较高。L24、股骨颈骨密度、BGP与IL-1Ra／IL-1β旱正相关（r=0．709、r=0．801、r=0．729,P=0．023、P=0．021、P=0．005）。L24、股骨颈、大转子骨密度与IL-1β负相关（r=-0．855、r=-0．921、r=-0．725,P=0．002;P=0．005、P=0．024）。CTX与IL-1Ra／IL-1β负相关、与IL-1β正相关（r=-0．774,P=0．037;r=-901,P=0．036）。IL-1Ra与IL-1β正相关（r=0．981,P=0．005）。L24、大转子骨密度、BGP与E2正相关（r=0．664、r=0．700、r=0．621,P=0．012、P=0．003、P=0．009）。IL-1Ra、IL-1Ra／IL-1β与E2正相关（r=0．874,P=0．004;r=0．802,P=0．024）。结论绝经后女性骨代谢处于高分解、低合成的负平衡状态,性激素水平降低影响IL-1Ra与IL-1β的平衡可能起重要作用。     

Circulating estradiol and osteoprotegerin as determinants of bone turnover and bone density in postmenopausal women

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a recently identified cytokine that acts as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of NF kappa B ligand. OPG has been shown to be an important inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation and activation in rodent models. Estrogen is known to suppress bone resorption, and the action of estrogen on bone may be mediated by OPG. The relationship between endogenous estrogen and circulating OPG levels and bone status in human populations is unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone density and circulating OPG and endogenous estradiol levels in a population-based cohort of postmenopausal women. Subjects were 180 women ages 55-91 yr (mean age, 67 yr). Serum estradiol was measured using an auto-analyzer. Serum concentrations of OPG were determined by ELISA. Markers of bone formation and resorption were measured by standard methods. Bone mineral density at total body, total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. There was a significant inverse relationship between estradiol and all bone turnover markers (r-values from -0.46 to -0.23; P < 0.05). Serum estradiol was positively related to absolute bone density at all sites and to change in bone density at the hip and femoral neck by univariate analysis (r-values from 0.15-0.29; P < 0.05). We observed a weak inverse association between OPG and serum-based bone turnover markers (r-values -0.18 and -0.16; P < 0.05). There was a significant positive relationship between OPG and bone mineral density at total body, total hip, and femoral neck (r-values from 0.17-0.2; P < 0.05) by univariate analysis, which was lost after adjustment for age and body mass index. There was a significant weak positive relationship between circulating OPG and serum estradiol (r = 0.18; P < 0.02). We observed no significant relationships between OPG and bone turnover markers measured in urine. We conclude that the variation in circulating endogenous estradiol levels is an important factor contributing to levels of bone turnover and bone density at the menopause. Our observations also suggest that circulating levels of OPG may reflect OPG activity in bone and are related to circulating endogenous levels of estradiol. We have previously reported high levels of variability in urine markers of bone resorption, and we suggest that this could account for the absence of a significant association between these markers and circulating OPG.     

溃疡性结肠炎患者骨密度变化及其相关因素的研究

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者骨密度（BMD）变化及其与血清中钙、磷、镁、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、白蛋白（ALB）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的相关性。方法用定量CT（QCT）对入选的96例UC患者和100名健康人（对照组）进行BMD测定和相关实验室指标的检测。结果UC组50岁以上者BMD明显低于相应年龄对照组（P〈0.05）；重度UC患者血钙、磷、镁较对照组明显下降（P〈0.05）；BMD与VEGF（r=-0.425，P〈0.05）、TNF-α（r=-0.642，P〈0.05）、IL-6（r=-0.465，P〈0.05）呈负相关。结论UC患者可引起BMD降低而发生骨质疏松，与血钙、磷、镁、白蛋白等营养物质代谢紊乱、年龄、炎性细胞因子等密切有关。     

雌激素对维持性血透妇女患者骨质疏松的影响

探讨雌激素水平在维持性血透(MHD)妇女骨质疏松发生中的作用.选择年龄18～45岁的妇女120例,其中MHD(≥3个月)妇女60例为对照组,MHD(≥3个月)且罹患骨质疏松60例妇女为观察组.两组研究对象均检测血浆雌二醇、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)及血钙水平,同时用定量CT法(QCT)测定骨密度.观察组雌二醇水平低于对照组(P<0.05),TNF-α水平观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),PTH和血钙水平两组间无显著差异(P=0.567和P=0.588);直线相关分析示,观察组雌二醇与骨密度呈正相关(r=0.865,P<0.01);观察组经多元线性回归分析示,雌二醇、血钙浓度与骨密度值呈正相关、TNF-α、PTH与骨密度呈负相关(F=140.32,P<0.01),且雌二醇对骨密度的影响较大(t=5.386,P<0.01).血浆低雌激素水平是MHD妇女骨质疏松发生的一个主要因素,且可以通过调节TNF-α水平而促进骨质疏松的发生.     

代谢手术影响骨代谢的机制研究

代谢手术是目前治疗肥胖症的有效方法,但其引起的骨密度降低,甚至骨质疏松已受到广泛关注,是亟待解决的问题.代谢手术的作用包括改变胃肠道结构,影响钙、维生素D的吸收,导致骨骼中钙盐沉积减少,直接降低骨密度,同时可引起甲状旁腺激素升高,导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症,以及术后骨质疏松发病率的升高;升高肽YY水平,降低ghrelin水平,从而抑制成骨细胞增殖,促进破骨细胞活动及骨吸收,抑制骨形成,降低骨密度;减少脂肪组织,降低瘦素水平,使骨吸收增加,骨形成减少,骨密度降低,增加骨质疏松甚至骨折风险;升高胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)与脂联素水平,促进成骨活动;降低雌二醇水平,升高性激素结合球蛋白、游离睾酮、促性腺激素水平,作用于成骨细胞,影响骨代谢;改变相关骨代谢标志物.外源性补充维生素D、钙剂甚至GLP-1受体激动剂可保护骨密度,从而预防骨质疏松.     

Bone tissue metabolism in systematic lupus erythematosus patients treated with glucocorticosteroids

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate bone turn-over in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with glucocorticosteroids. Thirty-eight patients with definite SLE has been investigated. The following parameters have been determinated. Some proinflammatory cytokine: interleukin-IL-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-IL-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and some biochemical markers of osteoporosis: osteocalcin (BGP), alkaline phosphatase-bone formation (AP-B), procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP), carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx) deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) and calcium/creatinin ratio have been determined. The forearm densitometry measurement was performed in all patients. We did not notice statistically significant decrease in bone mineral content and bone mineral density in spite of long term glucocorticosteroids treatment. Based on statistically significant correlation between carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx) and calcium/creatinin ratio we observed increased bone resorption in analysed group of patients.     

二膦酸盐治疗对骨质疏松性骨痛、骨密度、骨强度的疗效及安全性评价

目的 观察两种二膦酸盐药物在治疗妇女绝经后骨质疏松性骨痛、骨密度、骨强度及骨折中的作用，评价其疗效及安全性。方法 202例绝经后骨质疏松患者简单随机分成3组，阿仑膦酸钠(福善美)组65例、依替二膦酸盐(依膦)组67例和钙尔奇D(钙剂)组70例，治疗1年。治疗前后采用双能X线骨密度测量仪(DEXA)测量腰椎、髋部骨密度(BMD)及椎骨形态，桡骨、胫骨超声骨密度测定，检测血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、尿I型胶元交联N端肽(NTX)。观察骨痛改善程度、骨量变化、骨强度改变、新骨折发生和不良反应。结果 福善美组和依膦组治疗后骨痛均明显改善，福善美组改善时间7～10天，依膦组约2周左右，钙剂组疼痛变化不明显。福善美组治疗12个月后骨量增加6．9％，依膦组增加3．9％，钙剂组减少0．3％。福善美组桡骨及胫骨超声声速(SOS)值分别增加0．8％和1．2％，依膦组变化不明显，钙剂组则分别下降0．5％和2．9％。福善美组无新骨折发生，依膦组有3例、钙剂组有5例发生新骨折。福善美组和依膦组不良反应主要为上消化道症状，依膦组较明显；钙剂组主要为便秘。结论 福善美能明显缓解骨质疏松性骨痛，显著提高骨密度，增加骨强度，预防骨质疏松性骨折的发生。     

二膦酸盐对2型糖尿病绝经后妇女骨密度及骨生化指标的影响

目的观察二膦酸盐对2型糖尿病绝经后女性患者骨密度以及生化指标的影响。方法2型糖尿病绝经后女性骨密度减低患者55例,随机分为两组,二膦酸盐组和糖尿病对照组,分别给予二膦酸盐10mg/d、维生素B110mg/d;基础用药:钙尔奇D600mg/d,治疗1年。检测治疗前后空腹血糖(FBS)、空腹胰岛素(Ins)、糖基化血红蛋白(HbA1c)。治疗前后采用双能X线骨密度测量仪(DEXA)测量腰椎、髋部骨密度;检测血清骨钙素、尿吡啶酚/尿肌酐(尿PYD/Cr);观察新骨折发生和不良反应。结果二膦酸盐治疗组腰椎骨密度增加1.45%,髋部骨密度增加1.93%;而对照组腰椎、髋部的骨密度分别下降0.7%、2.3%;二膦酸盐治疗组血清骨钙素、尿PYD/Cr分别下降17%、24%。二膦酸盐的不良反应主要为上腹部不适。结论二膦酸盐能提高2型糖尿病绝经后女性患者骨密度;结合补充适量钙剂,是预防和治疗2型糖尿病病人绝经后骨质疏松症的重要手段。