HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Jiangmen,China

Jiangmen is one of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Areas with frequent commercial intercourse, which is responsible for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) rapid circulation and genetic evolution for recent years. As a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant was previously reported in Jiangmen but the systematic molecular epidemiological investigation was still unknown. A retrospective study on HIV-1 genotypic characteristics and the emergence of transmitted drug resistance in this region was necessary. A total of 224 newly diagnosed HIV-positive cases were randomly selected in Jiangmen City of Guangdong Province between 2018 and 2019. The partial gag (1080 bp), pol (840 bp), and env (460 bp) genes were amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. The phylogenetic and recombination analysis as well as HIV-1 drug resistance were performed to surveillance. Sexual transmission was determined to be the major risk factor in Jiangmen. Phylogenetic analysis detected the genotypic distribution as follows: CRF01_AE (36.65%,70 of 191), CRF07_BC (32.46%, 62 of 191), CRF08_BC (4.71%, 9 of 191), CRF55_01B (5.24%, 10 of 191), CRF59_01B (3.14%, 6 of 191), subtype B (4.71%, 9 of 191), subtype C (1.05%, 2 of 191) as well as unique recombinant forms (12.04%, 23 of 191) consisted of seven recombinant patterns, which originated from multiple regions of China. Low-level prevalence of Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations (2.1%) were predicted but drug-resistant mutations showed at a high level (15.4%) especially mutations in RT gene at position 179 were found to be the most frequent in the therapy-naïve population. Our study highlighted the critical importance of monitoring the emerge of recombinant strains among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals along with drug resistance regularly to prevent multi-channel introduction and breakout of new HIV strains.     

Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Latvia

Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is a concern because it may reduce the efficacy of antiretroviral treatment. Plasma samples of 119 HIV-1-infected patients who were newly diagnosed at the Infectology Center of Latvia in 2005 and 2006 were analyzed by an in-house genotypic resistance assay to determine the prevalence of TDR in Latvia. TDR was identified using the WHO 2009 list of mutations for surveillance of TDR as implemented in the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance tool. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses were used to determine genetic subtype and investigate the relatedness of the sequences. Resistance testing was successful in 117 of 119 patients. The study population represented ～20% of all patients that were diagnosed in Latvia in 2005 and 2006 and was well distributed between gender, transmission routes, and areas of residence. Four patients showed evidence of TDR, which represents a prevalence of TDR of 3.4% (95% CI: 0.9-8.5%). All four patients displayed single, but different resistance mutations (M46I, F53L, M41L, and G190A). All patients, except one, were predicted to respond well to standard first-line therapy in Latvia. The prevalence of TDR in Latvia was low, which partly may be due to the low proportion of HIV-1 patients who receive antiretroviral therapy. The results indicate that routine resistance testing in Latvia currently should be focused on patients who display treatment failure, rather than treatment naive patients.     

Undetectable HIV‐1 RNA load with the Cobas TaqMan v1.0 in a patient diagnosed at the time of primary HIV‐1 infection

Diagnosis of primary HIV‐1 infection is challenging due to the presence of a serological window; thus, HIV‐1‐RNA quantitation and/or measurement of p24 antigenemia are recommended in such cases. A patient was diagnosed at the time of primary HIV‐1 infection, he harbored a CFR02_AG subtype virus; quantitation of plasma HIV‐1‐RNA yielded an undetectable result according to one commercial assay, while HIV‐1‐RNA was detectable when measured with three other assays. J. Med. Virol. 82:1816–1818, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

北京市2016年新确证未治疗HIV感染者传播性耐药突变研究

目的 分析北京市2016年新确证HIV感染者HIV病毒pol基因传播性耐药突变特征.方法 利用一步法逆转录PCR和巢式PCR扩增感染者体内HIV病毒的pol基因,并对扩增产物进行测序.对得到的序列信息进行分析,分别获得病毒的亚型分布、耐药突变类型和构成.结果 2016年北京市新确证HIV感染者传播性耐药突变比例为4.2％.712名感染者中,CRF01_AE亚型为主要流行亚型,占49.3％,CRF07_BC亚型占28.8％,B亚型占10.3％.结论 与往年的研究相比,北京市未治疗的HIV感染者耐药率有所下降,总体上属于低水平的HIV耐药流行.