心力衰竭患儿血浆脑钠肽变化及临床意义

目的 探讨心力衰竭患儿血浆脑钠肽(BNP)变化及其与心功能的关系.方法 研究对象为2005年4月至2007年1月在宜宾市第二人民医院住院的心力衰竭患儿43例,应用ELISA方法测定患儿血浆BNP浓度,M型超声心动图测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、短轴缩短率(FS),并比较BNP与LVEF、FS的相关性.结果与正常对照组比较,心力衰竭患儿血浆BNP水平明显升高,心功能参数LVEF、FS显著降低(t值分别为8.092、3.780、3.864.P值分别<0.001、<0.01、<0.01).心衰程度越重.血浆BNP水平升高越明显(F=4.26,P<0.01).心功能Ⅰ级组患儿血浆BNP水平已明显升高(t=4.708,P<0.01),心功能参数LVEF、FS降低不明显.不同原发病心力衰竭患儿血浆BNP无差别.血浆BNP水平与LVEF和FS存在负相关关系(r分别为-0.568,-0.325,P值分别<0.05,<0.001).结论 心衰惠儿血浆BNP水平显著升高,随着患儿心衰程度加重,血浆BNP水平增高越显著.血浆BNP水平是心衰患儿心脏功能更敏感的生化指标.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿血和痰中白三烯测定及临床意义

目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支炎)患儿血、痰中白三烯C4(leukotriene C4,LTC4)水平的变化及临床意义.方法轻-中度毛支炎组22例,重度毛支炎组11例,另选择无喘息非RSV感染性肺炎患儿12例作为对照(肺炎组).采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清和痰中LTC4水平,并进行对比分析.结果急性期轻-中度毛支炎组、重度毛支炎组、肺炎组血清LTC4水平分别为(76.96±28.19)pg/ml、(103.53±16.85)pg/ml、(18.14±7.49)pg/ml;痰中LTC4水平分别为(31.83±19.14)pg/ml、(67.11±15.11)pg/ml、(6.81±2.90)pg/ml;恢复期血清LTC4水平分别为(36.04±16.38)pg/ml、(52.27±17.03)pg/ml、(18.14±7.49)pg/ml,3组间差异有统计学意义(F=48.09,P＜0.001;F=15.50,P＜0.001;F=44.43,P＜0.001).治疗后轻-中度和重度毛支炎组血清LTC4水平明显降低,但仍高于肺炎组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论RSV毛支炎患儿血和痰中LTC4水平明显增高,并与病情的轻重相关.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿炎症递质的变化

目的研究气道炎症递质鼻咽分泌物嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(NPS-ECP)和尿白三烯E4(LTE4)在呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿体内的变化。方法 120例RSV检测阳性毛细支气管炎住院患儿,分为特应性组和非特应性组;同时选取30名健康体检儿童作为对照组。以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测尿LTE4浓度,UniCAP100变态反应检测仪检测患儿鼻咽分泌物中ECP浓度,比较各组间的差异。结果特应性组尿LTE4水平为(172.21±67.29)pg/ml,高于非特应性组的(78.21±28.78)pg/ml和正常对照组的(44.22±16.14)pg/ml,三组间差异有统计学意义(F=97.33,P0.01);两两比较差异也均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。RSV毛细支气管炎患儿尿LTE4与血浆IgE、鼻咽分泌物ECP水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.57、0.49,P均0.01)。结论尿LTE4和鼻咽分泌物ECP可为RSV毛细支气管患儿的治疗和预后提供参考。     

支气管肺炎患儿血清脑钠肽水平与心功能的相关性

目的 探讨支气管肺炎患儿心功能状态与血清脑钠肽(BNP)水平的相关性.方法选取支气管肺炎患儿52例.其中并心力衰竭(心衰)患儿20例.男9例,女11例;年龄4个月～4岁.未并心衰患儿32例.男17例,女15例;年龄6个月～5岁.健康对照组婴幼儿30例.男16例,女14例;年龄6个月～5岁.3组儿童均抽取静脉血离心后留取血清,采用ELISA法测定其血清BNP水平,采用全自动生化分析仪测定其CK-MB水平,同时应用心脏超声诊断仪测定及计算心功能指标.结果支气管肺炎并心衰患儿血清BNP水平[(182.45±57.32) ng/L]、CK-MB水平[(48.19±16.08) IU/L],均高于健康对照组[(35.12±13.84) ng/L、(11.48±4.29) IU/L] (Pa＜0.01),支气管肺炎未并心衰患儿血清BNP及CK-MB水平分别为(43.69±19.55) ng/L、(13.06±5.64) IU/L,与健康对照组比较,均无显著性差异(Pa＞0.05).支气管肺炎并心衰患儿左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室小轴缩短率(FS)、主动脉峰值流速(PFVA)及肺动脉峰值流速(PFVP)均较健康对照组明显降低(Pa＜0.01),支气管肺炎未并心衰患儿与健康对照组比较,均无显著性差异(Pa＞0.05).血清BNP水平与CK-MB水平呈正相关(r=0.28P＜0.05),与LVEF 、FS、PFVA、PFVP均呈负相关(r=-0.65,-0.58,-0.32Pa<0.01;r=-0.39P<0.05).血清CK-MB与LVEF、FS均呈负相关(r=-0.30,-0.26Pa＜0.05),与PFVA、PFVP均无相关性(Pa＞0.05).结论血清BNP水平可作为支气管肺炎患儿并心衰的实验室指标.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎42例白三烯致病作用研究

目的研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿在急性期和恢复期鼻咽分泌物中白三烯的水平,探讨白三烯在RSV毛细支气管炎发病中的作用。方法选取2003年11月至2004年3月在北京儿童医院呼吸病房住院的42例RSV毛细支气管炎患儿作为RSV毛细支气管炎组;选取同期不伴喘息的呼吸道感染患儿21例作为对照组,对照组患儿RSV抗原检测均为阴性。收集患儿的临床资料并进行临床评分,于入院第1～7天取患儿的鼻咽分泌物(nasopharyngeal secretion,NPS),用ELISA方法做白三烯C4(leukotriene C4,LTC4)的检测,同时测定NPS的蛋白质含量,用LTC4与蛋白的比值进行校正。应用SPSS11.5统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果RSV毛细支气管炎组NPS中LTC4的质量质量浓度为14.89pg/μg,蛋白(0.21～149.18),而同期对照组为2.10pg/μg,蛋白(0.33～13.06),RSV毛细支气管炎组明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006);对毛细支气管炎组患儿入院第1天和第7天的白三烯质量浓度进行比较,NPS中的LTC4(P=0.561)稍有下降,但差异无统计学意义。根据临床评分,轻度组和中度组白三烯的质量浓度差异无统计学意义。结论RSV感染毛细支气管炎患儿NPS中LTC4的质量浓度明显高于对照组。入院第7天于临床症状明显好转时再次检测LTC4的质量浓度,无显著性改变,仍是增高的。根据临床评分轻度组和中度组白三烯的质量浓度差异无统计学意义。     

急性毛细支气管炎患儿血清白细胞介素13、γ-干扰素表达的意义

目的 探讨急性毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL-13、IFN-γ表达及其临床意义.方法 用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测42例急性期毛细支气管炎患儿(其中轻症组22例,重症组20例)和20名健康婴儿血清IL-13、IFN-γ水平.采用方差分析和成组t检验,检测各组间差异.结果 1.急性毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL-13[(6.88±2.12 )ng/L]明显高于对照组[(5.48±1.28 )ng/L](P＜0.05).2.急性期毛细支气管炎患儿IFN-γ[(10.71±2.44 )ng/L]明显高于对照组[(9.20±1.54)ng/L](P＜0.05);轻症组明显高于重症和对照组(P＜0.05),而重症与对照组则无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 1.IL-13参与毛细支气管炎的发病过程,但其水平不能反映病情严重程度;2.IFN-γ水平在轻症毛细支气管炎组明显增高,而重症组不增高,可能与急性重症毛细支气管炎患儿IFN-γ产生受抑制有关.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿尿白三烯E4测定的意义

目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿尿白三烯E4(LTE4)测定的临床意义.方法 收集30例毛细支气管炎患儿鼻咽分泌物,用直接免疫荧光法进行RSV检测.选取其中证实为RSV阳性的24例作为病例组;选取同期入院的非感染性外科疾病手术前患儿19例为对照组.二组患儿年龄分布和性别构成均无显著性差异.收集二组患儿尿液和血液,采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验技术检测尿LIE4水平,同时行外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数,并进行比较;对病例组患儿尿LIE4与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数进行相关性分析.结果 病例组患儿尿中LTE4水平[181.0(145.8～224.7)μg/mol Cr]明显高于对照组[73.6(52.0～104.3)μg/mol Cr](t=4.77 P<0.01);病例组外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数[(0.25±0.22)×109L-1]略低于对照组[(0.34±0.16)×109L-1],差异无统计学意义(t=1.53 P0.05).病例组患儿尿LTE4水平与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞之间无相关性(r=0.127 9 P0.05).结论 白三烯在RSV毛细支气管炎的发病机制中有不可忽视的作用,白三烯受体拮抗剂在RSV毛细支气管炎治疗上可能有一定的作用.     

毛细支气管炎患儿血清肺表面活性蛋白A测定及其意义

目的 测定毛细支气管炎患儿血清肺表面活性蛋白A (surfactant protein A,SP-A)浓度,探讨毛细支气管炎患儿SP-A在病情严重程度判断方面的临床意义.方法 2011年9月至12月于新乡市中心医院儿科住院治疗的毛细支气管炎患儿62例,根据病情严重程度分为3个亚组,并以15例健康体检儿童为对照组,采用ELISA方法测定其血清SP-A浓度,应用SPSS 14.0统计软件包进行分析.结果 毛细支气管炎患儿血清SP-A浓度[(38.52±10.19) ng/ml]显著高于对照组[(27.66±2.52) ng/ml],差异有统计学意义(t=18.292,P＜0.05).轻度、中度、重度毛细支气管炎患儿血清SP-A浓度分别为(31.35±6.44) ng/ml、(36.43±9.20) ng/ml、(45.27±12.21) ng/ml,各组间差异有统计学意义(F=9.899,P＜0.05).结论 SP-A参与了毛细支气管炎发生与发展过程,对其严重程度有提示作用,有利于指导临床治疗.     

婴儿毛细支气管炎鼻病毒感染的临床特征

目的 了解婴儿毛细支气管炎的病原分布,鼻病毒(RV)感染状况及RV感染所致婴儿毛细支气管炎的临床特征.方法 选择毛细支气管炎患儿187例.采用半巢式PCR法检测患儿鼻咽分泌物RV RNA;采用免疫荧光方法测定流感病毒A、流感病毒B、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒,及副流感病毒1、2、3型感染情况.结果 187例毛细支气管炎患儿中,RV感染占31.55%,RSV感染占22.46%.RV感染患儿与RSV感染患儿性别、月龄、起病天数和Lowell评分比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05),缓解天数比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.050),RV感染患儿较RSV感染患儿临床症状缓解快.结论 RV是引起婴儿毛细支气管炎的最常见病原体,RV感染患儿较RSV感染患儿缓解迅速.半巢式PCR方法检测患儿鼻咽分泌物鼻病毒RNA具有很高的敏感性、特异性.     

毛细支气管炎患儿孟鲁司特治疗前后血清和尿白三烯水平的变化

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎患儿孟鲁司特治疗前后血及尿白三烯的变化.方法 选择我院小儿内科2009年11月至2011年3月住院治疗的毛细支气管炎患儿40例作为研究对象,分为2组:(1)研究组;接受常规治疗及孟鲁司特治疗.(2)对照组:只接受常规治疗.分别于治疗前后留取患儿的血清及尿标本,检测白三烯水平.另取同期体检健康儿童20例作为正常组.结果 (1)研究组毛细支气管炎患儿急性期血清白三烯浓度(83.31±16.82) μg/L,对照组(85.62±17.91)μg/L,均显著高于正常组[(31.35±9.22) μg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组毛细支气管炎患儿应用孟鲁司特治疗后(缓解期)的血清白三烯水平为(58.69±17.95) μg/L,低于对照组(69.72±18.47)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)研究组毛细支气管炎患儿急性期尿白三烯浓度(353.48±121.77) μg/(L·cr),对照组(321.42±118.31) μg/(L·cr),显著高于正常组[(58.85±9.14)μg/(L·cr)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).毛细支气管炎患儿应用孟鲁司特治疗后(缓解期)研究组的尿白三烯水平( 192.10±33.52) μg/(L·cr),低于对照组[(281.53±50.65) μg/(L·cr)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)毛细支气管炎患儿血清白三烯与尿白三烯呈正相关.结论 毛细支气管炎急性期血清及尿白三烯水平升高.孟鲁司特能降低毛细支气管炎患儿白三烯水平.     

Comparison of patients with Kawasaki disease with retropharyngeal edema and patients with retropharyngeal abscess

Kawasaki disease with retropharyngeal edema (KD with RPE) is a rare complication, and it is diagnosed by neck CT. Most reported cases had a delayed diagnosis because those patients' conditions were misdiagnosed as retropharyngeal abscess (RPA). The purpose of this study was to differentiate KD with RPE from RPA. We performed a retrospective case–control study comparing children with KD with RPE to those with RPA hospitalized at the tertiary pediatric hospital in Tokyo between 2005 and 2011. The 39 patients revealing RPE on neck CT were divided into two groups: group A was classified as KD (n?=?21) and group B was classified as non-KD (n?=?18). Patients in group B were finally evaluated as having RPA clinically and were treated with antibiotic therapy. A significantly higher proportion of patients in group B complained of dysphagia (11 patients vs. 5 patients; p?=?0.0170) and neck pain (17 patients vs. 12 patients; p?=?0.0106). Neck CT revealed a ring enhancement (16 patients vs. no patients; p?<?0.0001) and mass effect in a greater proportion of patients in group B (11 patients vs. 1 patient; p?<?0.0003). Conclusion: Careful attention to manifestations and close analyses of CT imaging may allow clinicians to differentiate KD with RPE from RPA.     

Patients with moyamoya disease presenting with movement disorder

Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by idiopathic bilateral stenosis or occlusion of bilateral internal carotid arteries and the development of characteristic leptomeningeal collateral vessels at the base of the brain. Typical presentations include transient ischemic attacks or stroke, and hemorrhage. Presentation with movement disorders is extremely rare, especially in the pediatric population. The authors describe the cases of 4 children with moyamoya disease who presented with movement disorders. Among 446 patients (118 pediatric) with moyamoya disease surgically treated by the senior author, 4 pediatric patients had presented with movement disorders. The clinical records, imaging studies, surgical details, and postoperative clinical and imaging data were retrospectively reviewed. The initial presenting symptom was movement disorder in all 4 patients: chorea in 2, hemiballismus in 1, and involuntary limb shaking in 1. All the patients had watershed infarcts involving the frontal subcortical region on MR imaging. Additionally, 1 patient had a ganglionic infarct. Single-photon emission computed tomography studies showed frontoparietal cortical and subcortical hypoperfusion in all patients. Three patients had bilateral disease, whereas 1 had unilateral disease. All the patients underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass. Postoperatively, all 4 patients had complete improvement in their symptoms. The SPECT scans revealed normal perfusion in 3 patients and a small residual perfusion deficit in 1. Movement disorders are a rare presenting feature of moyamoya disease. Hypoperfusion of the frontal cortical and subcortical region was seen in all patients, and the symptomatology was attributed to ischemic dysfunction and imbalance in the cortical-subcortical-ganglionic-thalamic-cortical circuitry. Combined revascularization with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass and encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis leads to excellent results.     

Treatment with probucol of children with familial hypercholesterolaemia

Nine children with familial hypercholesterolaemia, age range 2 to 12 years, were treated with a low cholesterol diet and probucol (10 mg/kg/day). The year before, the children received, as only treatment, a low fat-cholesterol diet. During this period their mean plasma total cholesterol level fell from 8.2 +/- 1.45 mmol/l to 7.17 +/- 0.84 mmol/l (12.6%). This level was further reduced to 5.92 +/- 0.63 mmol/l (17.1%) after the addition of probucol. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered in absolute terms but not in relation to total cholesterol. No apparent side effects were observed. However, the use of probucol should be restricted for the moment to severe cases of hypercholesterolaemia as the long-term excretion of the drug in children is not yet known.     

双胞胎同患儿童良性癫癎伴中央颞区棘波

例1,女,6岁6个月,双胎之小,因间断抽搐2年就诊.近2年出现入睡10 min后一侧嘴角及面部抽动,继之四肢抽动,每次持续2～10 min不等,共3次,无发热.1年前在当地医院予妥泰抗癫癎并加量至4 mg/(kg·d),仍控制不满意,再次抽搐入院.