补中益气汤治疗脾气虚证大鼠分子生物学机制实验研究

目的:通过观察脾气虚证模型大鼠回肠组织中线粒体呼吸链酶复合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ活性与Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性的变化,并与治疗组进行对比,探讨补中益气汤治疗脾气虚证的作用机理。方法:选取SPF级健康大鼠42只,造模采用经典的复合因素造模方法,用随机分组法分为健康组、模型组及治疗组,每组14只大鼠。用比色法检测各组大鼠回肠组织中线粒体呼吸链酶复合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ活性与Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性。结果:(1)模型组与健康组相比,线粒体呼吸链酶复合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ活性与Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性明显降低(P0.05)。(2)治疗组与模型组相比,线粒体呼吸链酶复合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ活性与Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性明显增高(P0.05)。结论:脾气虚证的大鼠线粒体呼吸链酶复合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ与Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性明显降低,补中益气汤能够改善以上指标的异常状态,提示补中益气汤治疗脾气虚证的作用机制为修复能量代谢障碍。     

葛根素对糖尿病大鼠胰腺线粒体氧化应激及ATP酶的影响

目的探讨葛根素对糖尿病大鼠胰腺线粒体氧化应激及ATP酶的影响。方法将30只Wistar大鼠分为正常对照组、糖尿病组（DM组）和糖尿病治疗组（Pue组,采用葛根素注射液治疗）,前两组注射等体积的0.9%氯化钠溶液。8周后,测3组大鼠血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰腺线粒体丙二醛（MDA）水平及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、Na^＋-K^＋-ATP酶（Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase）和Ca^2＋-ATP酶（Ca^2＋-ATPase）的活性。结果（1）DM组大鼠血糖和MDA含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.001）,而血清胰岛素水平、SOD、Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性显著降低（P〈0.05）。（2）Pue组大鼠血糖及MDA含量较DM组显著降低（P〈0.05）,血清胰岛素水平、SOD、Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性显著升高（P〈0.05）,差别有统计学意义。结论葛根素可减轻糖尿病大鼠胰腺线粒体氧化应激水平。     

缺血预处理对高血脂大鼠心肌线粒体酶及氧自由基的影响

目的观察缺血预处理对高血脂大鼠心肌线粒体ATP酶及氧自由基的影响. 方法建立高血脂大鼠离体心肌缺血预处理模型,观察预处理对缺血再灌注心肌Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶、胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二酰二醛(MDA)的影响. 结果与单纯缺血再灌注组相比,预处理组心肌线粒体Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶及GSH-Px降低幅度减小(P＜0.05),SOD活性上升,MDA含量下降. 结论高血脂大鼠经心肌缺血预处理后,可减少再次长时间缺血后复灌对心肌的损伤,具心肌保护作用.     

maFGF对慢性衰老大鼠肝组织ATP酶、SOD活力及丙二醛和羟自由基水平的影响

目的探讨改构型酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(maFGF)对衰老大鼠肝组织中ATP酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及丙二醛(MDA)、羟自由基(OH.)水平的影响。方法采用皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老大鼠模型,将其随机分为衰老模型组、生理盐水对照组和maFGF治疗组。另10只不给任何药物,正常饲养,作为正常对照组。测定各组肝组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和SOD活力以及MDA、OH.水平。结果衰老模型组大鼠肝组织Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和SOD活力均显著降低,MDA和OH.基含量均升高(P<0.05);maFGF治疗组大鼠肝组织Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和SOD活力均显著升高,MDA和OH.含量均降低(P<0.05)。结论 maFGF通过降低自由基,提高ATP酶活力和抗氧化能力而对衰老大鼠有保护作用。     

加减地黄饮子对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经元保护作用的实验研究

目的:观察加减地黄饮子对局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经元的保护作用及其可能作用机制。方法:采用栓线法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血损伤模型(MCAO)。120只Wistar大鼠随机分成6组:空白组,假损伤组,模型组,中药高剂量组,中药低剂量组,阿司匹林对照组,每组20只。连续灌胃7d后,进行手术操作。测定大鼠大脑皮层组织Na+-K+-ATP酶活性、Ca2+-ATP酶活性、SOD活性和MDA含量。结果:加减地黄饮子低剂量、高剂量组均能提高脑缺血大鼠大脑皮层组织的Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性及SOD活性,降低MDA含量。结论:加减地黄饮子可对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织神经元起保护作用,其脑保护作用机制可能与其调节Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性、SOD活性和降低MDA含量有关。     

缺血预处理对高血脂大鼠心肌线粒体酶及氧自由基的影响

目的观察缺血预处理对高血脂大鼠心肌线粒体ATP酶及氧自由基的影响。　方法建立高血脂大鼠离体心肌缺血预处理模型 ,观察预处理对缺血再灌注心肌Na+ -K+ -ATP酶、Ca2 + -ATP酶、Ca2 + -Mg2 + -ATP酶、胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)及丙二酰二醛 (MDA)的影响。　结果与单纯缺血再灌注组相比 ,预处理组心肌线粒体Na+ -K+ -ATP酶、Ca2 + -ATP酶、Ca2 + -Mg2 + -ATP酶及GSH -Px降低幅度减小 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SOD活性上升 ,MDA含量下降。　结论高血脂大鼠经心肌缺血预处理后 ,可减少再次长时间缺血后复灌对心肌的损伤 ,具心肌保护作用     

养阴活血方药对糖尿病大鼠肝脏线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶和三磷酸腺苷酶的影响

目的 探讨养阴活血方药对糖尿病大鼠肝脏线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和三磷酸腺苷酶（ATP酶）活性的影响.方法 选取SD大鼠24只,随机分为三组：正常对照组,糖尿病模型组,中药干预组.除正常对照组外,其他两组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）造糖尿病模型.正常对照组和糖尿病模型组自由饮水,中药干预组按人与动物间体表面积折算的等效剂量比值灌喂给药.造模成功后10周,股动脉放血,并取肝脏,提取大鼠肝脏线粒体,并测定SDH和ATP酶活性的变化,观察肝细胞线粒体超微结构.结果 与正常对照组[（3.91 ±0.43） U/mgprot]比较,糖尿病模型组大鼠肝脏线粒体SDH[（2.31 ±0.27） U/mgprot]活性显著降低（P＜0.01）,Na＋-K＋-ATP酶[（0.57±0.18） U/mgprot]活性显著低于对照组[（2.39±0.28）U/mgprot] （P＜ 0.01）,Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP酶[（0.95±0.19） U/mgprot]活性显著低于对照组[（2.18±0.09）U/mgprot]（P＜ 0.01）,肝组织透射电镜观察：肝细胞线粒体空泡化,线粒体嵴、膜大部分融合、消失,粗面内质网脱颗粒现象明显.与糖尿病模型组相比,中药干预组SDH[（3.39±0.29） U/mgprot]、Na＋-K＋-ATP酶[（1.70±0.22） U/mgprot]和Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP[（1.75±0.09） U/mgprot]酶活性均有显著升高（P＜0.01）,肝组织透射电镜观察：细胞线粒体无空泡,损伤程度轻.结论 养阴活血方药可有效提高大鼠肝脏线粒体SDH活性、Na＋-K＋-ATP酶和Ca2＋-Mg2＋-ATP酶活性,这可能是养阴活血方药对糖尿病大鼠肝脏线粒体保护作用机制之一.     

参附注射液对肝缺血再灌注大鼠血浆前列环素和血栓素A2及肝组织ATP酶的影响

目的:探讨参附注射液对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:24只Wistar大鼠随机分为模型组和参附注射液(Shenfu Injection,SF)治疗组。SF治疗组大鼠腹腔注射参附注射液10ml/kg。模型组大鼠给予相同剂量的生理盐水。两组均采用Pringle's法阻断肝门缺血15min再灌注1h和3h,测定血浆血栓素B2(thromboxane B2,TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-prosta-glandin F1α,6-keto-PGF1α)以及肝组织匀浆Na -K -ATP酶、Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶的变化,并观察肝组织形态学改变。结果:再灌注3h SF治疗组血浆TXB2低于模型组,6-keto-PGF1α高于模型组,两者比值TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α低于模型组;再灌注1h、3h SF治疗组Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶活性高于模型组。SF治疗组肝实质细胞和线粒体损伤明显减轻。结论:参附注射液对肝缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制与降低TXA2/PGI2比值,提高Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶活性有关。     

促红细胞生成素对大鼠脑外伤脑组织线粒体ATP酶活性的影响

目的 观察体外注射重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)对大鼠脑外伤脑组织线粒体ATP酶活性的影响,探讨rhEPO对脑外伤后神经保护作用的机制.方法 建立大鼠自由落体脑挫裂伤模型,伤后立即腹腔注射rhEPO,采用改良Lowry氏法分别测定治疗后4、12、24和48 h及各自对照组大鼠脑组织线粒体Na+-K+ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶及Mg2+-ATP酶活性.结果 脑外伤后大鼠脑组织线粒体Na+-K+ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶及Mg2+-ATP酶活性均显著下降(P《0.05).rhEPO治疗后12、24和48 h脑组织线粒体ATP酶活性均显著高于各自时间点对照组(P《0.05).结论 外源性rhEPO可通过影响线粒体功能而减轻脑外伤后的继发性脑损害,从而改善预后.     

葛根素对急慢性乙醇中毒大鼠心脏的保护性调控作用

目的探讨葛根素对急、慢性乙醇中毒大鼠心脏的保护作用。方法雄性健康SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、乙醇中毒组、葛根素干预组,每组8只。实验分急性和慢性两个阶段。急性实验阶段葛根素干预组分高、低两个剂量。酶法检测心肌组织和血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK),比色法测定心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase,观察心肌组织微细结构的改变。结果与乙醇中毒组相比:葛根素干预组心肌MDA、AST、CPK和血清AST、CPK明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),SOD含量增多(P<0.05,P<0.01),Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性增强(P<0.05,P<0.01),仅急性实验低剂量葛根素干预组Na+-K+-ATPase与乙醇中毒组无明显差异(P>0.05)。心肌组织HE染色显示,乙醇中毒组大鼠心肌细胞肿胀、细胞界限模糊不清,慢性组尤为明显,葛根素干预组大鼠心肌微细结构较清晰、规则。结论葛根素对急、慢性乙醇中毒导致的大鼠心脏损伤有保护性调控作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.