孕前体重孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系

目的 分析孕前体重、孕期增重与新生儿出生体重的关系,为降低低出生体重儿及巨大儿发生率提供科学依据。方法 根据孕前体重指数（Ｂｏｄｙ Ｍａｓｓ Ｉｎｄｅｘ,ＢＭＩ）将研究对象分为高体重、理想体重和低体重三组,分别计算平均出生体重和巨大儿、低出生体重儿发生率;进一步分组分析妇女的孕期不同增重与低出生体重儿及巨大儿发生的关系。结果 与理想休重组相比,高体重组巨大儿发生率较高（９．１％）,低体重组的低出生     

不同营养干预方式对妊娠期糖尿病妊娠结局及新生儿出生体重的影响

目的 探讨常规营养健康教育与医学营养跟踪干预对妊娠期糖尿病妊娠结局及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法选取80例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（40例,实施常规营养健康教育）、观察组（40例,实施医学营养跟踪）。比较两组干预前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平,以及干预后不良妊娠结局发生率、新生儿体重与新生儿低血糖发生率。结果 与干预前相比较,干预后两组患者FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c水平均呈现降低趋势,且观察组更低,与对照组相比较,观察组患者不良妊娠结局发生率、新生儿体重及新生儿低血糖发生率均更低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 医学营养跟踪的应用可帮助妊娠期糖尿病患者更好地控制血糖,避免因高血糖引发各种危险事件,同时有助于改善患者的妊娠结局,控制新生儿体重,安全性较高。     

医学营养治疗对糖代谢异常妊娠期患者增重及新生儿出生体重的影响

目的 探讨医学营养治疗（MNT）对糖代谢异常妊娠期患者增重及新生儿出生体重的影响。方法 2005年5月至2005年10月对北京妇产医院诊断为糖代谢异常的单胎孕妇106例在产科营养门诊接受医学营养治疗，在进行总热量控制的基础上，使用等食品交换份结合血糖生成指数的方法，把同期未接受该方法而采用传统营养治疗方法的糖代谢异常孕妇96例作为对照组，比较两组孕妇的体重增长、体重指数（BMI）的增长及新生儿体重增长情况。结果 两组巨大儿的发生率分别为8．49％、13．54％，研究组巨大儿的发生率有所下降；两组比较孕妇妊娠期体重增长、每周体重增长、BMI增加、每周BMI增加差异均有显著性；新生儿体重有所下降，但差异无显著性。结论 对妊娠糖代谢异常患者进行科学、合理的营养治疗，妊娠期体重增加明显减少，新生儿体重在合适范围，对孕妇妊娠期体重增长的管理有提示作用。     

不同体重指数孕妇与妊娠结局的关系探讨

近年来国内外学者日益重视孕期妇女体重的变化与新生儿体重的关系 ,发现孕妇孕期的体重增加与新生儿出生体重有一定的关系 ,重视用母亲孕期体重的改变来预测巨大儿的发生 [1 ] 。本研究主要探讨不同体重指数孕妇的妊娠结局及与新生儿体重的关系。一、资料和方法1.对象 :自 1997     

妊娠期糖尿病患者羊水葡萄糖水平与羊水量及新生儿出生体重的关系

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇羊水葡萄糖水平变化与羊水量及新生儿出生体重的关系。方法对255例足月、单胎孕妇,于孕24~28周行50g葡萄糖筛查试验(50gGCT),口服葡萄糖后1h血糖≥7·8mmol/L,且<10·6mmol/L者为葡萄糖筛查阳性,阳性者进一步行75g葡萄糖耐量试验(75gOGTT)。根据两项试验结果分为GDM组、妊娠期糖耐量低减(GIGT)组和正常妊娠组,每组85例。分别测定3组孕妇的羊水葡萄糖水平、羊水指数、新生儿出生体重、孕妇空腹血糖、脐静脉血糖,并进行各指标间相关与回归的统计学分析。结果(1)GDM组羊水葡萄糖水平为(1·30±0·71)mmol/L,明显高于GIGT组的(1·02±0·57)mmol/L和正常妊娠组的(0·90±0·58)mmol/L,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0·01)。(2)GDM组羊水指数为(16·1±4·6)cm,稍高于GIGT组的(14·8±4·3)cm,差异无统计学意义(P>0·05);明显高于正常妊娠组的(12·7±3·2)cm,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01)。(3)GDM组新生儿出生体重为(3612±510)g,低于GIGT组的(3694±490)g,高于正常妊娠组的(3487±458)g,但分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0·05)。(4)GDM组羊水葡萄糖水平分别与羊水指数(r=0·330,P=0·002)、新生儿出生体重(r=0·347,P=0·001)、孕妇空腹血糖(r=0·589,P<0·01)、脐静脉血糖(r=0·218,P=0·045)呈正相关关系。GIGT组和正常妊娠组羊水葡萄糖水平仅与羊水指数呈正相关关系。(5)GDM组中血糖控制理想孕妇的羊水葡萄糖水平、羊水指数及新生儿出生体重分别为(1·02±0·50)mmol/L、(13·9±4·2)cm及(3497±475)g,血糖控制不理想孕妇分别为(1·92±0·76)mmol/L、(16·4±4·4)cm及(3869±481)g,两者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0·01、P<0·05、P<0·01)。GDM组中血糖控制理想孕妇的以上3项指标接近正常妊娠组(P>0·05)。结论GDM患者的羊水葡萄糖水平与羊水量、新生儿出生体重有密切关系。血糖控制理想与否对GDM合并羊水过多、巨大儿等并发症起决定因素,而积极管理可极大地改善GDM患者的母儿预后。     

孕前体重指数和孕期增重对妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨孕前体重指数(body mass index,BMI)和孕期增重对妊娠结局的影响,为制定孕期体重分级管理方案提供依据. 方法 研究对象为2009年1月至2010年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院产科定期产前检查的健康单胎妊娠孕妇2409例.根据孕前BMI分为孕前体重过低(BMI＜ 18.5)、体重正常(BMI 18.5～)、超重和肥胖(BMI≥24.0)3组.孕期增重计算方法为分娩前最高体重减去孕前体重.将孕前体重过低和体重正常的孕产妇,分别按孕期增重＜10 kg、10 kg～、≥15 kg分为3个亚组;孕前超重和肥胖的孕产妇,按孕期增重＜5 kg、5 kg～、10 kg～、≥15 kg分为4个亚组.记录分娩孕周、分娩方式、新生儿出生体重和Apgar评分,以及妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、巨大儿、胎儿生长受限及早产的发生率.统计学分析采用t检验、方差分析、Student-Newman-Keuls检验、x2检验或Fisher精确概率法. 结果 (1)2409例孕妇中,孕前体重过低、体重正常、超重和肥胖组的构成比分别为18.5％(445例)、69.9％(1685例)和11.6％(279例).孕前超重和肥胖组HDP、GDM和巨大儿发生率、剖宫产率分别为12.9％(36例)、17.9％(50例)、13.6％(38例)和52.3％(146例),均高于孕前体重过低组[3.4％(15例)、4.3％(19例)、3.8％(17例)和25.8％(115例),x2分别为23.8、37.1、23.5和50.2,P＜0.05]和体重正常组[5.5％(92例)、7.8％(132例)、7.8％(132例)和31.6％(532例),x2分别为21.8、29.0、10.1和3.4,P＜0.05].(2)孕前体重正常者,孕期增重＜10 kg亚组FGR发生率和早产率分别为3.5％(4/115)和8.7％(10/115),高于增重10 kg～亚组[0.7％(4/548)和3.3％(18/548),x2分别为6.0和6.9,P＜0.05]和≥15 kg亚组[0.8％(8/1022)和3.6％(37/1022),x2分别为7.2和6.7,P＜0.05].增重≥15 kg亚组巨大儿发生率和剖宫产率分别为10.7％(109/1022)和34.5％(353/1022),高于增重＜10 kg亚组[3.5％(4/115)和32.2％(37/115),x2分别为6.0和63.0,P＜0.05]和10 kg～亚组[3.5％(19/548)和25.9％(142/548),x2分别为24.7和31.0,P＜0.05].(3)孕前超重和肥胖者,孕期增重不同的4个亚组妊娠并发症和妊娠结局比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 孕前超重或肥胖者妊娠并发症和剖宫产的风险增加.孕前体重正常者如果孕期增重过高或过低,也可能增加妊娠并发症风险,孕期增重控制在10～15 kg较为适宜.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠晚期血脂水平变化与新生儿出生体重的关系

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠晚期血脂水平变化与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法采用酶法测定40例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇(妊娠期糖尿病组)、30例1型糖尿病孕妇(1型糖尿病组)、30例2型糖尿病孕妇(2型糖尿病组)及30例正常孕妇(正常妊娠组)妊娠晚期血脂水平。同时测定4组孕妇所分娩的新生儿出生体重。结果(1)妊娠期糖尿病组、1型糖尿病组、2型糖尿病组及正常妊娠组血清甘油三酯水平分别为(40±14)mmol/L、(29±08)mmol/L、(41±25)mmol/L及(27±09)mmol/L;总胆固醇水平分别为(65±30)mmol/L、(62±28)mmol/L、(64±32)mmol/L及(60±31)mmol/L;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平分别为(33±13)mmol/L、(32±13)mmol/L、(33±11)mmol/L及(32±10)mmol/L;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平分别为(16±05)mmol/L、(14±05)mmol/L、(15±04)mmol/L及(16±04)mmol/L。妊娠期糖尿病组及2型糖尿病组甘油三酯水平明显高于正常妊娠组及1型糖尿病组(P<001)。(2)妊娠期糖尿病组、1型糖尿病组、2型糖尿病组及正常妊娠组的新生儿出生体重分别为(4108±544)g、(3323±457)g、(4111±263)g及(3463±516)g。(3)妊娠期糖尿病组、1型糖尿病组、2型糖尿病组新生儿出生体重,与血清甘油三酯水平呈明显的正相关(r=039,P<001)。结论妊娠期糖尿病及2型糖尿病孕妇     

有妊娠期糖尿病史女性再次妊娠时的孕期增重及围产结局

目的:探讨有妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM）史女性再次妊娠时孕期总增重、不同时期增重及其与不良妊娠结局的关系。方法:本研究为回顾性队列研究,选择2017年1月至2018年12月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院分娩的441例有GDM史的单胎经孕妇作为GDM史组,从同时期在...     

肥胖孕妇孕期增重及其与不良妊娠结局的关系

目的:探讨肥胖孕妇孕期增重情况及其对不良妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性纳入2014年1月至2016年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院产科的肥胖（孕前体重指数≥30 kg/m 2）、单胎妊娠孕妇513例。根据孕期增重分为增重不足组（增重<5 kg, n=83）、增重适宜组（增重5~9 kg,...     

Association between maternal weight gain and birth weight

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between maternal weight gain and birth weight less than 3,000 g and greater than or equal to 4,000 g in underweight (body mass index [BMI] less than 19.8 kg/m(2)), normal weight (BMI 19.8-26.0 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 26.1-29.0 kg/m(2)), and obese (BMI greater than 29.0 kg/m(2)) women, with emphasis on the use of the American Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations in Denmark. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2,248 women with singleton, term pregnancies. The relationship between weight gain and risk of birth weight less than 3,000 g and greater than or equal to 4,000 g was examined in the four BMI groups, and use of IOM recommendations was tested by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: We found an inverse relationship between maternal weight gain and the proportion of infants with a birth weight less than 3,000 g. Birth weight greater than or equal to 4,000 g increased with an increasing weight gain in underweight and normal-weight women, but the association was less apparent in overweight and obese women. Underweight women seemed to benefit from gaining more weight than recommended by the IOM, because the odds ratio (OR) of birth weight less than 3,000 g was 0.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.9) and the OR was 1.7 for birthweight greater than or equal to 4,000 g (95% CI 0.8-3.6). The normal-weight women had an increased risk of birth weight less than 3,000 g (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-3.7) if weight gain was below the recommended range, and the OR of birth weight greater than or equal to 4,000 g was 1.9 (95% CI 1.5-2.5) when the women gained more than recommended. CONCLUSION: The IOM recommendations may provide a basis for Danish recommendations to pregnant women, although the upper recommended limit for underweight women may have to be increased.     

孕期不同阶段增重与新生儿出生体重的相关性

目的:探讨正常足月孕妇孕期不同阶段增重与新生儿出生体重的关系。方法:回顾分析2014年1月至2014年12月在嵊州人民医院定期产前检查并且正常足月单胎孕妇2634例的临床资料。根据孕前体重指数(BMI)分为3组:低体重组(18.5kg/m2),正常体重组(18.5~23.9kg/m2),超重组(24~27.9kg/m2)。收集孕妇早、中、晚孕期的体重增加值,分析孕期不同阶段增重与新生儿出生体重的关系。结果:低体重组、正常体重组和超重组孕期增重分别为15.0kg(12.7,17.7kg)、14.5kg(12.0,17.5kg)和13.0kg(9.0,16.0kg);新生儿出生体重分别为3230g(3000,3470g)、3330g(3090,3600g)和3437g(3140,3722g),3组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。低体重组、正常体重组和超重组早孕期增重分别为1.4kg(0.6,2.3kg)、1.1kg(0.6,2.1kg)和1.1kg(0.4,1.9kg);中孕期增重分别为7.8kg(6.5,9.4)kg、7.5kg(6.0,9.0kg)和6.5kg(4.8,8.1kg);晚孕期增重分别为5.8kg(4.2,7.5kg)、5.7kg(4.2,7.4kg)和5.1kg(3.5,7.0kg);同孕期3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。回归结果表明,除低体重组晚孕期和超重组早孕期以外,其余各孕期体重增加对新生儿出生体重均有促进作用。其中低体重组早孕期增重对新生儿体重增加影响最大(标准化回归系数0.21,P0.05);正常体重组和超重组中孕期增重对新生儿体重增加影响最大(标准化回归系数分别为0.18,0.10,P均0.05)。含哑变量的回归结果示,对整个研究群体而言,中孕期增重对出生体重的影响最大(标准化回归系数0.18,P0.05);相对于正常体重组早孕期增重对新生儿出生体重增加的影响而言,低体重组孕早期增重影响更大(标准化回归系数差为0.05,P0.05),而超重组最小(标准化回归系数差为-0.06,P0.05)。结论:孕前BMI和孕期不同阶段增重与新生儿出生体重有关;低体重组早孕期增重对新生儿出生体重增加影响最明显,而正常体重组和超重组则中孕期增重对新生儿体重增加最明显。因此,根据孕前BMI制定孕期不同阶段合理增重对于控制新生儿体重具有指导意义。     

The effect of maternal weight gain in pregnancy on birth weight

The association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and the infant's birth weight was studied in 14,121 term singleton births. The parturients were stratified into four body-mass categories, three age groups, four parity groups, and three levels of educational attainment. A separate multiple regression analysis was performed for each category to control for the confounding effect of gestational age, maternal social class, ethnicity, cigarette consumption, marital status, age, parity, education, and weight for height. A significant positive influence of prenatal weight gain on birth weight was found for all subgroups. The effect varied depending on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass, age, parity, and the level of formal education.     

Psychosocial thriving during late pregnancy: relationship to ethnicity,gestational weight gain,and birth weight

OBJECTIVE: To test the relationships between psychosocial thriving (depressive symptoms, health-related lifestyle) and gestational weight gain and birth weight. To test the influences of ethnicity on the relationships between psychosocial thriving and gestational weight gain and birth weight. DESIGN: Baseline data taken from the Austin New Mothers Study. SETTING: A community hospital in Texas. PARTICIPANTS: 305 low-risk African American, Hispanic, and White women with full-term pregnancies, singleton births, and Medicaid coverage. MAIN MEASURES: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Self Care Inventory, Food Habits Questionnaire, gestational weight gain, and birth weight. RESULTS: Newborns of African American women had lower birth weights (3,240 g) than newborns of Hispanic (3,422 g) or White women (3,472 g), even though no ethnic differences were found among the mothers on psychosocial variables. Late in pregnancy, women had high levels and prevalence (> 70%) of depressive symptoms regardless of ethnicity, and 50% exceeded recommended gestational weight gains. In full regression models, psychosocial variables were not significant predictors of gestational weight gain or birth weight. Ethnicity also was not a significant moderator of weight outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial thriving late in pregnancy was unrelated to gestational weight gain or birth weight. Ethnicity did not moderate psychosocial-weight relationships. Although ethnic differences were not found on psychosocial variables, high levels of depressive symptoms and greater than recommended gestational weight gains were prevalent. These findings have implications for maternal health during and beyond pregnancy.     

The views of women of above average weight about appropriate weight gain in pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To examine the beliefs of women of above average weight about appropriate levels of weight gain in pregnancy. DESIGN: An in-depth qualitative study of 37 women. SETTING: Women recruited from a city hospital, a rural hospital and by community midwives in the south of England. PARTICIPANTS: Women were identified via hospital notes or by community midwives. Over a one-year period all women identified who attained the weight of 90 kg by the 30th week of pregnancy were eligible to participate. The sample comprised 37 women. The sample was varied in terms of age, social class, household composition and number of children. MEASUREMENT: Two in-depth interviews were carried out with each interviewee: during late pregnancy and six weeks following childbirth. FINDINGS: Interviewees were concerned not to weigh more after pregnancy than before. Their perceived ability to control weight gain during pregnancy was varied. In the perceived absence of specific advice from health professionals, they constructed their own views about appropriate levels of weight gain. These were informed by their desire to minimise weight gain and to provide adequate nourishment for the growth and development of their baby. Comments and advice from health professionals were interpreted within the women's own understandings of appropriate levels of weight gain. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: (1) the desire to return to their pre-pregnancy weight was a strong motivating factor among pregnant women of above average weight, but some women lacked confidence in their ability to control weight gain; (2) the health and well-being of their unborn baby is often a central concern in women's decisions about appropriate weight gain; (3) health professionals need to explore the beliefs of women of above average weight about appropriate weight gain in pregnancy; and (4) written information about weight gain may assist women of above average weight in understanding what might be an appropriate level of weight gain during pregnancy.     

Patterns of weight gain in adolescent pregnancy: effects on birth weight and preterm delivery

Early weight gain adequacy may be a particular problem among adolescent gravidas because of their tendency to poor prepregnant nutritional status, nutritionally poor diets during pregnancy, and body image concerns, but it is not known whether irregular patterns of weight gain during adolescent pregnancy are associated with birth weight and length of gestation. We studied weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in a cohort of 1790 teenage gravidas from Camden, New Jersey. We found that early inadequate weight gain (less than 4.3 kg by 24 weeks' gestation) was associated with a significantly increased risk of having a small for gestational age infant (adjusted odds ratio 1.88; 95% confidence interval 1.08-3.27), even when later gains brought the cumulative total weight gain to within adult standards. Late inadequate gains (less than 400 g/week) were associated significantly with preterm delivery (before 37 completed weeks' gestation), whether or not the total gain was adequate for gestation (adjusted odds ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.55). These results suggest that supplementation, intervention, or prenatal care protocols for adolescents that do not focus on balanced weight gain during adolescent pregnancy may reduce preterm delivery but may not significantly affect the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation.     

孕期体重增加与妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的相关性研究

目的:探讨孕期体重增加与妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的相关性。方法:收集2010年6月至2010年12月在我院进行正规产前检查并分娩的孕妇423例进行研究,分析孕期体重增加与妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的关系。结果:C组妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠期高血压疾病的发病率高于A组和B组,两者比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组剖宫产率及巨大儿的发生率高于A组和B组,C组及B组产后出血的发生率高于A组,两者比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。C组胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息的发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:孕期体重增加过高可导致妊娠并发症及不良妊娠结局的发生,适当控制孕期体重增加可改善母婴妊娠结局,提高产科质量。