胰岛素抵抗与冠心病关系的初步探讨

本文测定了２０例冠心病患者和１９例正常人葡萄糖耐量（ＯＧＴＴ）时胰岛素和血糖水平。冠心病组ＯＧＴＴ的１、２、３ｈ血清胰岛素为４９．１±１８．９ｍＩＵ／Ｌ、４６．３±１６．４ｍＩＵ／Ｌ３９．６±１５．９ｍＩＵ／Ｌ胰岛素／血糖（ｍＩＵ／ｍｍｏｌ）比值分别为５．１±１．３、５．８±１．１、７．３±１．４，结果均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明冠心病组病人存在高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）。同时，冠心病组总胆固醇、甘油三酯分别为６．１２±１．８２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．４４±１．０６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１、Ｐ＜０．０５），提示胰岛素抵抗可能导致脂质代谢紊乱，进而引起冠心病。     

膳食纤维对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血糖影响的临床观察

目的 观察控制膳食及膳食纤维对Ⅱ型糖现患者血糖的影响。方法 对确诊为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者３５６例，其饮食中膳食纤维摄入量控制在１６～２５ｇ／ｄ，分别测定治疗前后空腹及餐后２ｈ血糖。结果 经饮食控制后，空腹血糖由（９．８４±３．５１）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ降至（６．８２±２．６５）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，餐后２ｈ血糖由（１３．０８±５．１２）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ降至（１０．５７±４．６４）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ均〈０．０１。结论：适量摄入     

肾病综合征病人抗氧化功能的研究

为研究肾病综合征（ＮＳ）时抗氧化功能状况，我们测定３６例患者血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）及维生素Ｅ，以及尿ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ。结果表明：ＮＳ患者血总ＳＯＤ、Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ及维生素Ｅ水平明显低于正常对照组（分别为７６．２２±２７．４８μＵ／Ｌ比１０４．２０±１８．８０μＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１；２０．４０±２２．６３μＵ／Ｌ比６２．９９±１５．６０μＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１；６．６８±３．５２ｍｇ／Ｌ比１６．３８±１．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１）；尿ＳＯＤ及ＭＤＡ明显高于对照组（分别为：１１４．９８±３１．７３μＵ／Ｌ比８２．３４±２６．５０μＵ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１；３．９９±１．９８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ比２．６４±０．７８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１）．研究提示，ＮＳ时抗氧化功能减退，肾脏易遭受氧自由基损害。     

高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗与血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1的关系

目的：研究高血压病（ｅｓｅｎｔｉａｌｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ,ＥＨ）病人胰岛素抵抗（ｉｎｓｕｌｉｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ＩＳＲ）与纤溶酶原激活物抑制物１（ＰＡＩ１）的关系。方法：ＥＨ病人５９例,正常对照４６例。测定血浆ＰＡＩ１、ｔＰＡ（组织型纤溶酶原激活物）、空腹血糖（ＧＬＵ）、胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）、血尿酸（ＵＡ）、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腹围／臀围比（ＷＨＲ）等指标。结果：ＥＨ病人ＩＳＩ（用空腹血糖与胰岛素乘积的倒数表示）较正常对照组下降（－５．４±０．５ｖｓ－３９±０．８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。血浆ＰＡＩ１较对照组升高［（２９±８）ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ｖｓ（２４±５）ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,Ｐ＜０．０１］。在高血压组中单相关分析表明ＰＡＩ１与ＷＨＲ（ｒ＝０．３６９,Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＧＬＵ（ｒ＝０．５６３,Ｐ＜０．００１）正相关,与ＩＳＩ（ｒ＝－０．３０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＨＤＬＣ（ｒ＝－０．４１７,Ｐ＜０．０１）、ｔＰＡ（ｒ＝－０．４９９,Ｐ＜０．００１）负相关。以ＢＭＩ、ＷＨＲ、ＩＳＩ、ＨＤＬＣ、ＬＤＬ     

小儿感染性疾病血清纤维结合蛋白测定的临床价值

本文测定了４５例感染儿和２０例健康儿血清纤维结合蛋白（Ｆｎ）、转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、免疫球蛋白（Ｉｇ）含量。结果：①感染儿Ｆｎ（０．０３８±０．０３５ｇ／Ｌ）明显低于健康儿（０．１８８±０．０３７ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．００１），②４５例感染儿中２５例肺炎与２０例非呼吸道疾病儿Ｆｎ均低于健康组（分别为０．０３３±０．０２９ｇ／Ｌ和０．０４４±０．０３ｇ／Ｌ），Ｐ均＜０．００１）。２５例肺炎儿中１２例重型Ｆｎ（０．０１９０±０．０１５６ｇ／Ｌ）较普通型（０．０３８±０．０３１ｇ／Ｌ）降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）③感染儿Ｔｆ（１．２４７±０．８５４ｇ／Ｌ）明显低于健康儿（１．９９９±０．２５１ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．００１），感染儿ＩｇＧ（９．５９３±３．０４１ｇ／Ｌ）也明显低于健康儿（１３．０１０±０．４７４ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ无显著差异。表明：①Ｆｎ含量可作为揭示感染及判定感染严重程度的客观指标。②Ｔｆ值具有提示感染及评估铁营养状况的双重价值。③本实验在临床上对感染性疾病患儿评价病情及指导治疗均有实用意义     

糖尿病运动疗法的临床分析

目的：探讨运动疗法在非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）治疗中的作用;方法：根据病人的不同年龄、体质、药物治疗及血糖控制情况制定不同的运动方案,对４０ 例空腹血糖＜ １１．０ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮＩＤＤＭ 门诊及住院病人辅以运动疗法,同时对未进行运动疗法的同期４０例ＮＩＤＤＭ 病人进行对比研究,两组病人的一般临床资料和血糖水平无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,两组同时采用食疗和药疗;结果：受试后两组空腹血糖分别为７．９±１．１２ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ和９．３±１．０７ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ,餐后２ｈ 血糖分别为９．３±１．０４ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ和１１．８±１．０８ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ,上述指标运动疗法组显著低于非运动疗法组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;结论：运动疗法有助于ＮＩＤＤＭ 患者的血糖改善,临床应推广在糖尿病治疗中加用运动疗法。     

空腹甘油三酯正常者脂肪负荷试验的动态观察

目的：探讨空腹ＴＧ正常的人在脂肪餐后的血脂水平的动态变化。方法：采用６３．９ｇ／ｍ２体表面积的脂肪餐，对５８名ＴＧ　≤１．７０　ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的人进行脂肪代谢的研究，根据年龄分为老年组、中年组和青年组，又依据餐后４ｈ、８ｈＴＧ浓度和ＴＧ－ＡＵＣ分为餐后ＴＧ正常组和异常组。结果：脂肪餐后的ＴＧ水平明显较空腹增高（Ｐ　＜０．００１），餐后各时间点之间的ＴＧ无显著性差异（Ｐ　＞０．０５），平均达峰时间为３．９８ｈ，８ｈ未能完全恢复至空腹水平。青、中、老年组达峰时间和ＴＧ－ＡＵＣ依次递增，仅青年组和老年组达峰时间的差异有显著性意义（Ｐ　＜０．０５）。餐后ＴＧ异常组各时间点的ＴＧ水平均明显高于正常组（Ｐ　＜０．００１）。餐后ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ和ＬＤＬ－Ｃ在２　ｈ时都有一个低谷期，８　ｈ时基本恢复正常。结论：空腹ＴＧ正常者中有一些人，在高脂餐后可出现ＴＧ代谢异常；ＴＧ廓清速率随着年龄的增加而减慢。     

50例糖尿病患者服用舒糖宝后血糖含量的变化

５０例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者服用舒糖宝口服液后，血糖测定结果，甲组服药前、后空腹血糖为９．８６和７．７３，服药前后餐后２ｈ血糖含量分别为１５．０１和１１．５２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，服药前后比较有显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；乙组空腹、服药后１ｈ、４ｈ、第４天空腹血糖分别为１５．６６，１２．４４，８．５８，８．７８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，降低有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

洛伐他汀对ⅡB型高脂血症患者血脂、血糖及胰岛素代谢的影响

作者观察了３０例ⅡＢ型高脂血症患者在给予洛伐他汀口服８周前后血脂、血糖及胰岛素的变化。发现用药８周后ＴＣ及ＬＤＬ－Ｃ明显降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,ＴＧ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＶＬＤＬ－Ｃ变化不大（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。空腹血糖（ＦＰＧ）及服糖后２小时血糖（２ｈＰＧ）较用药前升高（前者Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。空腹胰岛素（ＦＰＩ）及服糖后２ 小时胰岛素（２ｈＰＩ）也较治前增高（后者Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。空腹血糖与空腹胰岛素乘积的倒数〔（１／（ＦＰＧ×ＦＰＩ）〕,差异无统计学意义。而餐后２小时血糖与餐后２ 小时胰岛素乘积的倒数〔１／（２ｈＰＧ×２ｈＰＩ）〕,差异有统计学意义。可认为长期使用该药,对２Ｂ型高脂血症患者有可能导致高胰岛素血症,值得进一步探讨。     

测定肺泡灌洗液心钠素在肺良恶性病变鉴别中的价值

目的：探讨支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）心钠素（ＡＮＰ）水平在肺部良、恶性病变鉴别中的价值。方法：采用放射免疫直接测定法,测定４０例肺部良性病变和３５例肺癌患者ＢＡＬＦ中ＡＮＰ水平分别为（７０±６）ｎｇ／Ｌ、（１５３±３５）ｎｇ／Ｌ,两者有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）;肺良性病变ＢＡＬＦ中ＡＮＰ水平［（７０±６）ｎｇ／Ｌ］明显低于血清ＡＮＰ水平［（１６５±３０）ｎｇ／Ｌ］,差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）;肺良性病变和肺癌ＢＡＬＦ与血清ＡＮＰ水平之比值分别为０．４２、０．９,两者差异有极显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．００１）;其对肺癌的敏感性及特异性分别为８０％和１００％。结论：测定ＢＡＬＦ中ＡＮＰ水平是肺部良、恶性病变鉴别的重要方法之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.