筋膜蒂皮瓣和腹部带蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的对比分析

目的 分析对比用筋膜蒂皮瓣与腹部带蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效.方法 选取我院2008年5月至2014年3月期间收治的手指皮肤软组织缺损致肌腱、血管、神经、骨质裸露的180例患者,将其随机分为两组,每组各90例.两组分别采用筋膜蒂皮瓣修复和腹部带蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损.观察两组的临床疗效.结果 术后172例皮瓣成活良好,筋膜蒂皮瓣坏死5例,腹部带蒂皮瓣坏死3例,成活的皮瓣伤口愈合佳.全部患者术后3～12个月随访,筋膜蒂皮瓣术后患指耐寒程度、整体外观、屈伸功能、耐磨性及感觉恢复情况都较腹部带蒂皮瓣好（P＜0.05）,8例坏死皮瓣经换药、植皮愈合良好.结论 用筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的综合疗效优于腹部带蒂皮瓣.     

乳腺癌根治术同期单蒂TRAM乳房再造术护理

目的为探讨乳腺癌根治术同期单蒂TRAM皮瓣乳房再造术的护理方法。方法对5例乳腺癌根治术同期单蒂TRAM皮瓣乳房再造术的患者做好术前心理护理、术后护理及患肢功能锻炼。结果 5例患者除1例乳房外形欠佳,其余4例患者再造乳房外形、手感良好,无皮瓣坏死等严重并发症。结论加强围术期的护理是预防术后并发症发生,确保手术成功的关键。     

指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指组织缺损的临床研究

目的探讨手指组织损伤应用指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复的临床效果。方法入选我院2011年8月至2013年11月手指组织缺损94例94指,按治疗方式的不同分入两组,各47例,治疗组予以指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复法治疗,对照组予以皮肤创面常规植皮术,术后随访半年至1年半,观察术后临床效果、并发症及术后随访情况。结果治疗组的临床总有效率显著高于对照组(85.1%vs.57.4%,P<0.05);治疗术后皮瓣全部成活,切口均为I期愈合,未发生显著肿胀及静脉危象情况,全部供区植皮成活,术后随访,伤指皮肤与皮瓣质地、色泽相近,指腹饱满。两点辨别觉9¹2 mm。患者指间关节可正常活动;治疗组的并发症、手指感觉、感染情况、手指外观等显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论手指组织缺损应用指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复术,可有效降低术后发生静脉危象,临床效果确切,值得临床推广。     

Surgical treatment for incisional hernias

BACKGROUND: A great variety of surgical techniques have been proposed to repair large abdominal incisional hernias, but the best results are achieved using synthetic grafts as in the Rives' or Ramirez' procedure. METHODS: During the period September 1993-May 2001, a total of 145 patients, 54 males and 91 females, mean age 52 (range 16-88) with large incisional hernia were observed. Ninety-two hernias were bigger than 10 cm. The average follow-up was 3 years (1-72 months). All successfully underwent surgery using the following techniques: 19 (13.1%) simple fascial sutures, 68 (46.9%) implants of retromuscolar polypropylene grafts (Rives' or Ramirez' technique), 24 (16.5%) subcutaneous meshes, 17 (11.7%) preperitoneal meshes (14 polypropylene, 2 glycolic acid, 1 Goretex), 4 (2.75%) intraperitoneal implants of polypropylene meshes, 13 (9.05%) intraperitoneal glycolic acid grafts plus retromuscular polypropylene graft. RESULTS: One patient died in postoperative for heart failure. Morbidity was 8 subcutaneous hemorrhagic suffusions, 10 seromas which were resolved by repeated percutaneous drainage, 4 suppurating wounds that did not require graft removal, 2 little recurrences treated by a new mesh repair under local anaesthesia, 2 sinus for mesh intollerance and 1 fistula requiring a new intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In this report we discuss the tolerability and reliability of mesh repair, especially in Rives' and Ramirez' technique.     

局部转移筋膜瓣在指屈肌腱损伤修复中的临床效果

目的探讨局部转移筋膜瓣应用于指屈肌腱损伤修复的临床效果。方法入选2010年6月至2011年6月我院收治的手指屈肌腱损伤患者86例,根据修复方法不同分为两组各43例,对照组采用改良Kessler法联合津下核心套圈法缝合,观察组采用带蒂筋膜瓣局部转移且包绕肌腱,两组均在术后两周进行功能训练,术后随访12个月,采用手指总屈伸度(TAM)系统评价治疗优良率,并对比修复时间。结果观察组修复优良率88.4%(38/43)显著高于对照组69.8%(30/43),修复时间(28.3±3.5)d显著低于对照组(35.4±6.8)d,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论指屈肌腱损伤采用局部转移筋膜瓣修复可有效缩短修复时间,预防粘连,提高治疗优良率。     

游离皮瓣修复手背软组织缺损及功能重建的临床疗效观察

目的：进一步研究和比较腹部带蒂皮瓣修复方法与游离皮瓣修复方法在手背软组织缺损及功能重建过程中的疗效差异,从而为临床实践提供切实可靠依据。方法：本文从本院2010年12月-2012年12月期间入院治疗手背软组织缺损的患者中选取了84例,进行了回顾性分析。结果：两组患者实施不同皮瓣修复方法治疗后,治疗组患者的住院时间显著短于对照组患者水平,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组患者的手部关节总活动度显著大于对照组患者的水平,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：在临床治疗手背软组织缺损及功能重建的过程中,与腹部带蒂皮瓣修复方法相比较,采用游离皮瓣修复方法的临床效果显著,是临床治疗手背软组织缺损的安全可靠选择。     

近节指背筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床疗效

目的观察应用近节筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的疗效。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年12月苏州高新区人民医院手足外科应用近节指背筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损30例(30指),其中男性24例,女性6例;年龄19 ～ 58岁,平均(36±12)岁。其中指腹缺损伴指骨外露12例,指尖皮肤软组织伴甲床远端及末节指骨远端少量缺损8例,指尖皮肤及甲床缺损5例,甲床大部分缺损伴末节指骨远端少量缺损5例。创面缺损范围为3.0 cm×1.5 cm ～ 2.0 cm×0.5 cm。按照指端缺损面积设计皮瓣大小,皮瓣蒂部为指桡背侧或尺背侧筋膜组织,旋转点最远不超过远指间关节平面,旋转皮瓣及蒂部180°逆行修复指端缺损,供区全厚皮片游离移植修复。术后对皮瓣外形、感觉和手功能恢复等指标进行观察评价。 结果术后30例(30指)皮瓣25指顺利成活,5指术后起张力性水泡,拆线换药后表皮脱痂愈合。术后随访2～12个月,皮瓣修复外观及质地良好,患者对皮瓣及伤指外观满意,患指屈伸功能恢复良好,皮瓣感觉两点辨别率为4～12 mm。 结论近节指背筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣血供明确,切取灵活方便,不牺牲指固有动脉,是修复指端缺损的一种理想方法。     

127例自体颅骨瓣普通冰箱冷冻保存后再回植体会

目的:探讨自体骨瓣普通冰箱冷冻保存后再回植在临床中的应用。方法:总结某医院应用普通冰箱于-20℃冷冻保存洗净后严格无菌包裹颅骨瓣,自体颅骨修补时在常温解冻后颅骨瓣钻细孔数个,再分别用碘伏溶液及庆大霉素盐水浸泡并反复充分冲洗后复位于原骨窗。结果:术后6个月~1年对病人行颅脑CT及X线检查复查:124例患者达到一期愈合,骨瓣解剖复位,颅骨未见异常改变,可见少量骨痂生长,外观未见骨质吸收,外形美观。2例患者术后1年出现溶骨,骨瓣缩小浮动,行二次手术取出骨瓣,同期钛网修补;1例患者因伤口裂开骨瓣外露发生感染,经换药引流无效,行二次手术取出骨瓣并4个月后再行钛网修补术,术后恢复良好;7例患者出现皮下积液行1~3次穿刺抽吸加压包扎后一期愈合;合并脑积水患者积水改善明显。结论:普通冰箱冷冻保存的自体颅骨瓣可以安全、可靠地用于颅骨成形术,而且成形效果理想,不变形,少排异,外观上更接近解剖学特点,病人心理容易接受,尤其价廉,经济适用。     

游离前臂皮瓣联合H-ADM修复口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损的研究

目的观察前臂游离皮瓣联合异种脱细胞真皮基质(H-ADM)修复口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损的临床效果。方法 36例口腔肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各18例,对照组采用游离前臂皮瓣修复术后组织缺损,观察组采用游离前臂皮瓣联合H-ADM修复术后组织缺损。比较两组术后皮瓣存活率、语音功能、吞咽功能及术后供区恢复情况。结果观察组皮瓣存活率为100.00%,优于对照组的66.67%;观察组语音功能、吞咽功能以及供区恢复情况均优于对照组,所有差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用游离前臂皮瓣联合H-ADM修复口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损是较为理想的方法,可恢复和改善患者的外形和生理功能,保持口腔和舌的基本功能,有效提高患者的生存质量。     

Early and long-term results of treatment for infected deep sternotomy wounds

A retrospective study and follow-up was undertaken to determine the optimal treatment of poststernotomy wound infections. Between January 1990 and April 2000 mediastinitis developed in 62 patients following 7458 heart operations (0.83%). Median age of 50 males and 12 females was 59.1 +/- 9.1 years (27-77). Mediastinal infections occurred within 14.2 +/- 10.9 days (3-90) following cardiac surgery. Most common symptoms and clinical findings were purulent wound drainage or dehiscence (50%), sternal instability (46.7%) and fever (35.5%). Most commonly isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci which alone or together with other Gram-positive bacteria caused nearly 70% of all infections. Following the exploration and radical debridement, the wounds in two patients were left to heal by open granulation, 26 patients were initially treated by closed mediastinal suction--or irrigation, and 43 patients were treated with muscle and/or omental flap transposition (34 primarily, 9 following the failure of other methods). Recurrence of infections occurred in 16 patients: 10 from the "closed treatment" group (38.5%) and 6 from the "soft tissue flap" group (14%). Nine patients died during the hospital stay. The mortality rate was 15.4% following the closed method (4/26) and 14.7% following the treatment with flap reconstructions (5/34). There were 6 late deaths, non-related to recurrent infection. Healed wounds were obtained in 96.2% of all patients. About one third of patients noted continuous or intermittent chest pain or discomfort in the closed and the soft tissue flap transposition group. 22.6% of patients claimed sternal instability and 9.7% shoulder weakness--each of them underwent muscle and/or omental flap closure. Abdominal hernias or bulges were present in 4 patients (12.9%) following the use of abdominal flap for wound reconstruction. These results suggest that early debridement and closed method would be successful when employed soon after cardiac surgery. When reexploration is delayed for any reason or obvious extensive involvement of bone or cartilage is present, the wound should be reopened, debrided and treated with muscle and/or omental flaps. Patients in whom closed method fails could probably treated with soft tissue flap transposition soon after the reoperation. Long-term results of closed mediastinal drainage or lavage and flap closure are favourable to open granulation technique regarding wound healing and elimination of infection.     

A giant pseudocyst following repair of an incisional hernia by a propylene mesh

A 79-year-old woman presented with a huge, asymptomatic, balloon-like abdomen, which gradually developed after polypropylene mesh repair of an incisional hernia following a median laparotomy. Additional CT showed a huge cyst measuring 20 x 24 cm which seemed to originate from the anterior abdominal wall and lacked communication with the inner abdominal space. Subsequently an explorative laparotomy was performed. The content of the cyst consisted of dark brown serosanguineous material. The inferior portion was firmly affixed to the mesh. The entire cyst, except for the part fixed to the mesh, was excised followed by an abdominoplasty. Histological examination showed aspecific signs of inflammation due to a foreign body, and haemorrhagic material without epithelial lining. The diagnosis 'giant pseudocyst' was established. Etiologically, this condition is probably related to postoperative formation of a seroma, which is a well-known complication after mesh repair, especially when a polypropylene mesh is used. Postoperative formation of a haematoma might be a causative factor as well. Former literature reports 11 cases of such giant cyst formation after mesh repair ofhernias. In one study a prevalence of 0.45% is mentioned. This complication may be an underreported phenomenon.     

舌瓣及颊脂垫瓣修复在老年颊部缺损患者治疗中的临床应用研究

目的探讨舌瓣及颊脂垫瓣在老年颊部缺损患者中的临床治疗价值。方法选取2005年3月～2010年12月在某院就诊并且进行颊部缺损修复的45例老年患者采取舌瓣(舌瓣组,20例)及颊脂垫瓣(颊脂垫瓣组,25例)修复,术后定期随访观察创面愈合情况及术后并发症。结果术后12个月随访,舌瓣组显效率80.00%,好转率20%,有效率100.00%,颊脂垫瓣组显效率72.00%,好转率20%,有效率92.00%,比较显效率、好转率、有效率差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);舌瓣组并发症发生率15.00%,颊脂垫瓣组并发症发生率16.00%,并发症发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论舌瓣及颊脂垫瓣不同修复体对老年颊部缺损患者进行修复,疗效满意,创伤均较小,并发症少,临床应用均有较高的临床价值。     

ERAS理念对膝关节置换患者围术期护理效果的影响分析

目的:观察ERAS理念对膝关节置换患者围术期护理效果的影响。方法:自2017年5月至2019年5月,选取本院收治的行膝关节置换的患者共74例,将患者随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组为常规围手术期护理,实验组在对照组的基础上应用ERAS理念,对比两组患者的恢复情况,并对比两组患者的护理满意度。结果:实验组的术后住院时间、下床活动时间均低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组的护理技术、护理服务、情感支持、紧急处理各项评分,均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在膝关节置换患者的围术期护理中,采用ERAS理念,可以有效缩短患者的恢复时间,恢复患者的膝关节功能,提升患者的护理满意度,该护理理念值得进行大力推广。     

早期颅骨钛网修补治疗脑外伤合并脑积水的临床效果研究

目的探讨对脑外伤伴有脑积水患者采取早期颅骨钛网修补术治疗后获得的临床效果。方法将本院2016年7月-2019年5月收治的88例脑外伤伴有脑积水患者数字奇偶法分组。治疗组(44例):采用脑室腹腔分流术+早期颅骨钛网修补术展开合并症治疗;对照组(44例):采用脑室腹腔分流术展开合并症治疗;就组间恢复良好率、轻度残疾率以及重度残疾率展开对比。结果治疗组脑外伤伴有脑积水患者恢复良好率(93.18%)高于对照组(61.36%)明显,轻度残疾率(4.55%)以及重度残疾率(2.27%)均低于对照组[(22.73%)、(15.91%)](P<0.05)。结论早期颅骨钛网修补术的有效实施,使得脑外伤伴有脑积水患者病症恢复效果显著提升,可实现脑外伤伴有脑积水患者预后转归效果改善。     

Use of non-absorbable polypropylene mesh for the treatment of spontaneous renal graft rupture

Renal graft rupture (RGR) is a life-threatening complication of kidney transplantation (KT), frequently associated with rejection and acute tubular necrosis. RGR repair with the use of suture, and corsetage with various materials (including synthetic glue, polyglactin absorbable hemostatic mesh, and lyophilized human dura), is indicated in non-severe cases. However, the employment of non-absorbable synthetic mesh had not been previously reported. Here, a case of a KT from cadaveric donor with RGR associated with acute rejection is reported. The graft was salvaged with the employment of a non-absorbable polypropylene mesh. Six months after KT, the patient remains asymptomatic with normal renal function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a non-absorbable polypropylene mesh to repair a RGR. In a setting in which economical restrictions are important, the use of non-absorbable synthetic mesh may represent a good option of treatment.     

不同治疗方法在下颌骨缺损修复中的效果比较

目的分析三种常用的下颌骨缺损修复重建方法对下颌骨缺损修复的效果。方法对因肿瘤行下颌骨缺损修复重建的78例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果78例患者中采用自体游离骨移植55例（70．5％）,采用游离血管化骨肌瓣移植5例（6．4％）,采用替代物植入18例（23．1％）。植入成功率分别为94％、100％、67％。结论对下颌骨缺损患者应根据根据个性化的原则选择不同的修复方法。单纯游离骨移植仍然是目前临床上最常用的下颌骨缺损修复方法之一;血管化骨肌瓣移植虽然成功率高,但由于费用高、创伤大等不利因素的限制,选择该术式的患者比例低;替代物植入因有排异反应,仅可作为补充方法。     

额部转移皮瓣联合耳软骨移植下睑再造的研究

目的探讨额部转移皮瓣联合耳软骨移植下睑再造的效果。方法将2005年6月至2010年5月我院收治31例患者随机分为实验组16例和对照组15例,实验组采用额部转移皮瓣联合耳软骨移植术,对照组采用异体巩膜移植术。术后随访1～5年。比较两组患者术后眼睑活动度、闭合情况、排斥反应和视力。结果实验组16例眼睑活动自如和闭合完全,未现排斥反应,视力为3.8±0.4;对照组13例眼睑活动自如,12例闭合完全,2例出现排斥反应,视力为3.3±0.6,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论额部转移皮瓣联合耳软骨移植保持了患者眼睑功能和视力,具有良好的效果。     

Breast reconstruction with the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap

The transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has been the most employed technique in autogenous breast reconstruction. It provides a new breast of adequate volume, ptosis and natural appearance, and does not require the implantation of prosthesis; a good symmetry with the contralateral breast is obtained, which lasts over time. The drawback of this technique is the morbidity of the abdominal wall. This flap sacrifices the muscle and the anterior rectus sheath which can result in consequences such as hernias and eventrations. To minimise this problem the microsurgical TRAM flap was developed, which only sacrifices a portion of muscle, significantly reducing the number of sequels. A drawback is the difficulty of the surgical technique, which requires mastery of vascular-nervous microsurgery. In conclusion, a new breast can be returned to the mastectomised woman in a completely autogenous way, with a volume, form and texture similar to the healthy side, which helps in short to recover lost self-esteem.     

X-V皮瓣法治疗成年人尿道下裂术后尿瘘

目的 评价X-V皮瓣法在成年人尿道下裂术后尿瘘修补术中的疗效.方法 选取2007年2月至2010年10月收治的22例成年人尿道下裂术后尿瘘患者作为试验组,修复手术中采用X-V皮瓣法;选取2000年1月至2007年1月收治的35例成年人尿道下裂术后尿瘘患者作为对照组,在修复手术中采用常规尿瘘修补术.比较两组术后的疗效.结果 随访3～49(5.6±12.0)个月,对照组术后7例再次出现尿瘘.尿瘘发生率为20.0%(7/35);试验组术后无一例出现尿瘘;两组尿瘘发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在成年人尿道下裂术后尿瘘修补术中,采用X-V皮瓣法提高了手术成功率,降低了术后尿瘘发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the curative effect of adult urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair with X-V dartos flap technique.Methods In the experimental group,the closed fistulas were wrapped with X-V dartos flap in the 22 cases of adult hypospedias fistulas from February 2007 to October 2010.In the control group,the routine fistulas repairs were preformed in the 35 cases of adult hypospadias fistulas from January 2000 to January 2007.The operative effects were compared between the two groups.Results All cases were followed up for 3-49(5.6±12.0)months,no fistula was found in the experimental group,while 7 fistulas(20.0%,7/35)were found in the control group.The fistulas rate had statistic difference between the two groupe(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of the X-V dartos flap technique can prevent adult urethroeutaneous fistula after failed hypospadias fistulas repair and raise the success rate.     

游离静脉动脉化皮瓣在修复合并双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的手指外伤中的临床疗效

目的 探讨分析运用游离静脉动脉化皮瓣修复合并双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的手指外伤中的临床效果.方法 将某院42例双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损采用游离静脉动脉化皮瓣修复方法治疗的病例作为观察组,另外随机选取30例合并双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的病例采用结扎、单侧吻合的作为对照组.治疗后按照中华医学会手功能评定标准进行评定.结果 从效果看,72例均进行0.3～1.5年的随访显示,对照组优良率36.7％;观察组优良率85.7％.从术后恢复看,对照组治疗1周后6例皮肤坏死,其中2例出现真菌感染,经过抗真菌感染后末端仍坏死,予以截指.有28例出现外形凹陷,色泽较深,8例出现感觉和屈伸功能障碍.观察组治疗1周后未出现皮肤坏死,有1例出现真菌感染,经过抗感染治疗后愈合,有30例色泽稍暗,外形均满意,1例出现感觉障碍.两组以上情况差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 运用游离静脉动脉化皮瓣修复合并双侧指动脉损伤及皮肤缺损的手指外伤能明显提高临床效果,可降低并发症和功能障碍情况,值得临床借鉴推广.