右美托咪定对老年患者术后舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定对老年病人术后舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期拟行腹腔手术的病人40例,年龄>60岁,ASA分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级,随机分为两组(n=20):舒芬太尼(R组)和舒芬太尼+右美托咪啶组(RD组),于手术结束即刻行病人自控静脉镇痛,R组舒芬太尼100 μg,RP组采用舒芬太尼100μg+右美托眯定200μg,均用生理盐水稀释至150 ml,负荷剂量6 ml,背景输注速率2 ml/h,单次给药剂量3 ml,锁定时间15 min,维持VAS评分≤4分,Ramsay评分2～3分.记录术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量、PCIA总按压次数;记录术后镇痛期间恶心、呕吐、心动过缓、低血压、镇静过度和呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况,术后24 h时行Ramsay镇静评分.结果 与R组比较,RD组术后24 h内舒芬太尼用量降低、PCIA总按压次数减少、Ramsay镇静评分升高,术后恶心和呕吐的发生率降低(P<0.05).两组均未发生过度镇静和呼吸抑制.结论 右美托咪定不仅可减少老年病人术后舒芬太尼PCIA的用量,且不良反应少.     

硬膜外自控镇痛在胸科手术术后镇痛中的临床应用

目的观察比较硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)与静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)2种镇痛方法在胸科手术后的镇痛效果和不良反应。方法纳入2015年1月至2016年6月内蒙古医科大学附属医院麻醉科择期行开胸手术患者60例,随机分为PCEA组与PCIA组。2组术后镇痛方法如下。PCEA组:舒芬太尼30μg+罗哌卡因300 mg+0.9%生理盐水至250 ml,单次量2 ml,持续输注量5 ml/h,锁定时间15 min;PCIA组:舒芬太尼200μg+0.9%生理盐水至250 ml,单次量2 ml,持续输注量5 ml/h,锁定时间15 min。术后4、24、48 h采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估静息痛和运动痛。观察比较2组术后4、24、48 h的Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应(低血压、呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、咳嗽无力、谵妄躁动)。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用方差分析或χ~2检验。结果 PCEA组患者术后4、24、48 h的静息痛、运动痛VAS值明显低于PCIA组(P0.05)。在术后4 h和24 h,PCEA组Ramsay镇静评分优于PCIA组(P0.05),术后48 h组间比较差异无统计学意义。PCEA组低血压、呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、咳嗽无力及谵妄躁动的发生率低于PCIA组,但差异无统计学意义。结论对于胸科手术术后镇痛,0.12%罗哌卡因复合30μg舒芬太尼的PCEA组镇痛效果优于单用舒芬太尼的PCIA组,且不良反应可能更少。     

舒芬太尼复合氯诺昔康用于老年开胸患者术后镇痛的效果观察

目的观察不同剂量的舒芬太尼复合氯诺昔康在老年患者开胸术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果和不良反应。方法 60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行开胸手术的老年患者随机分为两组,A组舒芬太尼1.0μg/kg,B组舒芬太尼1.5μg/kg,两组均复合氯诺昔康0.4 mg/kg稀释至100 ml行PCIA。分别记录两组术后4、8、12、24、48 h时间点的镇痛VAS评分、镇静RSS评分,并于48 h后记录不良反应和镇痛总体满意度。结果 B组镇静RSS评分4、12、24h点低于A组（P均〈0.05）,恶心呕吐和嗜睡的发生率高于A组。两组对镇痛治疗的总体满意度比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论舒芬太尼1.0μg/kg与1.5μg/kg两种剂量均可取得满意的镇痛效果,但前者不良反应少,过度镇静风险小。     

地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于甲状腺癌术后自控静脉镇痛效果对比

目的 观察比较地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于甲状腺癌术后自控静脉镇痛效果.方法 将60例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行甲状腺癌手术患者,随机分为地佐辛组(D组)和舒芬太尼组(S组),各30例,术后行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),D组:地佐辛20 mg、昂丹司琼16 mg用0.9％氯化钠稀释至100 ml;S组:舒芬太尼100μg、昂丹司琼16mg用0.9％氯化钠稀释至100 ml.观察记录两组术后4、8、12、24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分(Ramsay)及24 h内不良反应情况和有效PCA按压次数.结果 两组VAS评分、有效PCA按压次数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);D组8、12、24 hRamsay镇静评分及术后不良反应明显优于S组(P＜0.05).结论 地佐辛用于甲状腺癌手术PCIA的镇痛效果确切可靠且不良反应少.     

不同剂量布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼镇痛对老年全子宫切除病人术后翻身痛及不良反应的影响

目的比较舒芬太尼联合不同剂量的布托啡诺用于老年全子宫切除病人的术后自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)效果,旨在为老年病人选择一种更安全、有效的术后镇痛方案。方法随机选取于我院全麻下行择期开腹全子宫切除术的病人120例,随机分为A、B、C 3组,A组病人术后镇痛泵配方为:舒芬太尼50μg+布托啡诺6 mg+托烷司琼5 mg,B组病人为:舒芬太尼50μg+布托啡诺10 mg+托烷司琼5 mg,C组病人为:舒芬太尼50μg+布托啡诺15 mg+托烷司琼5 mg,对3组病人的镇痛效果和不良反应的发生情况进行比较。结果 B组和C组病人在术后4 h、12 h、24 h和48 h等时间点的静息痛和翻身痛的视觉模拟评分(VAS)均显著低于A组(P0.05);B组和C组病人术后各时间点的静息痛和翻身痛的VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组病人在术后4 h、12 h、24 h和48 h等时间点的Ramsay评分均显著低于C组(P0.05);C组病人不良反应的总发生率明显高于A组和B组(P0.05)。结论舒芬太尼50μg+布托啡诺10 mg+托烷司琼5 mg的镇痛方案用于老年全子宫切除病人的镇痛效果好,不良反应少,值得推广。     

氟比洛芬脂复合不同剂量舒芬太尼用于骨科术后静脉镇痛效果比较

目的 观察氟比洛芬脂复合不同剂量舒芬太尼在骨科术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）效果。方法选择100例骨科手术患者,随机分为四组,A组用舒芬太尼150 μa．g＋NS至100ml（舒芬太尼1．5 μm1）;B、C、D组均用氟比洛芬脂100mg分别加不同剂量舒芬太尼,其中B组加舒芬太尼100 μg＋Ns至100ml（舒芬太尼1 μg／ml＋氟比洛芬脂1 mg／m1）,C组加舒芬太尼150 μg＋NS至100ml（舒芬太尼1．5μg／ml＋氟比洛芬脂1 μg,／m1）;D组加舒芬太尼50 μg＋Ns至100ml（舒芬太尼0．5μg／ml＋氟比洛芬脂1μg／m1）。观察并记录术后2、4、12、24h患者镇痛、镇静效果和不良反应。结果B、c组在4、12、24h疼痛评分和24h内的PCIA泵按压次数明显少于A、D组（P〈0．05）,A、C组恶心的发生率明显高于B、D组（P〈0．05）。结论 舒芬太尼1 μg／ml复合氟比洛芬脂1 μs／mi可为骨科术后提供良好的镇痛效果,不良反应少。     

帕瑞昔布钠对老年恶性肿瘤患者术后自控静脉镇痛的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠对老年恶性肿瘤患者术后舒芬太尼镇痛效果的影响。方法择期在全麻下行肿瘤根治术的患者40例,随机均分为帕瑞昔布钠组(观察组)和生理盐水组(对照组)。观察组麻醉诱导前静注40 mg帕瑞昔布钠(稀释成4 ml),对照组静注生理盐水4 ml,术毕即连接并启动电子静脉镇痛泵。观察两组患者术后1、4、8、12、24 h的视觉疼痛评分法(VAS)疼痛强度评分、Ramsay镇静评分,术后12、24 h舒芬太尼用量、病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)有效按压次数及不良反应。结果观察组病人术后1、4、8、12 h VAS评分和4、8、12、24 h PCIA有效按压次数小于对照组(P0.05);观察组病人术后12、24 h舒芬太尼用量显著少于对照组(P0.05);两组Ramsay镇静评分、不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg用于老年恶性肿瘤患者术后镇痛既可增强舒芬太尼PCIA的镇痛效应,又可以减少舒芬太尼的用量。     

食管癌根治术后地佐辛与舒芬太尼联合用于自控镇痛效果观察

目的研究对比食管癌根治术后应用不同剂量地佐辛联合舒芬太尼进行自控静脉镇痛的临床效果和安全性。方法拟行食管癌根治术患者90例,随机分为舒芬太尼组（SF组,n=30）、地佐辛1组（D1组,n=30）、地佐辛2组（D2组,n=30）三组。SF组镇痛泵有效配方为舒芬太尼2．0μg／kg,D1组为舒芬太尼1．0μg／kg加地佐辛0．35mg／kg,D2组为舒芬太尼1．0μg／kg加地佐辛0．5mg／kg。观察三组患者术后镇痛期间镇痛效果VAS和镇静程度Ramsay评分及不良反应发生情况。结果三组VAS差异无统计学意义;但D1、D2组Ramsay评分低于SF组,不良发生率低于SF组（P〈0．05）。结论地佐辛0．35mg／kg联合舒芬太尼1．0μg／k用于食管癌根治术后静脉自控镇痛效果确切,不良反应小,同时具有较高的性价比。     

地佐辛与舒芬太尼应用于老年妇科腹腔镜手术术后镇痛的比较

目的探讨地佐辛与舒芬太尼应用于老年妇科腹腔镜手术术后静脉镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法将80例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的老年患者,年龄65~75岁,随机分为地佐辛组、舒芬太尼组,每组40例,术后行PCIA。两组分别给予地佐辛0.8 mg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼5 mg加生理盐水稀释至100 ml;舒芬太尼2.5μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼5 mg加生理盐水稀释至100 ml。观察两组患者术后1、2、4、8、12、24、48 h视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静程度评分(Ramesy)、48 h内患者不良反应情况。结果两组用药均能提供良好的术后镇痛,两组患者总的PCA按压次数差异无统计学意义。地佐辛组患者术后不良反应发生率低于舒芬太尼组(P0.05)。结论地佐辛用于老年患者妇科腹腔镜手术术后的PCIA镇痛效果与舒芬太尼相当,但不良反应较少。     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因在产科硬膜外自控镇痛中的应用

目的探讨舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因在产科硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)中的应用。方法选择90例腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产的产妇,随机分为三组(n=30)。分别应用0.2μg/ml舒芬太尼+0.125%罗哌卡因(A组),0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼+0.125%罗哌卡因(B组),0.6μg/ml舒芬太尼+0.125%罗哌卡因(C组)。术后行PCEA,即负荷剂量(5ml)+持续剂量(3ml/h)+PCA剂量(1ml/次)。比较分析术后0～、3～、6～、12～24h各时段切口痛、宫缩痛的VAS评分;24h内不良反应发生率(恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、运动阻滞、嗜睡、呼吸抑制)。结果术后PCEA,24h内随舒芬术尼浓度增大,切口痛VAS评分和宫缩痛VAS评分降低,其中B组、C组与A组评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B组与C组VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。24h内不良反应中恶心、瘙痒的发生率随舒芬太尼浓度的增大而增多,其中C组与B组、A组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B组与A组两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。三组的呕吐、运动阻滞、嗜睡情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),未发生呼吸抑制。结论剖宫产术后PCEA,0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼复合0.125%罗哌卡因可取得较好的镇痛效果和较少的副作用。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.