股骨近端防旋髓内钉微创治疗糖尿病与非糖尿病患者股骨粗隆间骨折的效果比较分析

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)微创治疗糖尿病与非糖尿病患者股骨粗隆间骨折的效果。方法收集2012-08~2014-08该院骨科收治的股骨粗隆间骨折患者87例,其中非糖尿病患者48例,糖尿病患者39例。采用麻醉及C臂的帮助下牵引床闭合复位满意后,行PFNA内固定治疗。结果非糖尿病组患者术后并发症发生率(8.33%)低于糖尿病组(51.28%)。两组比较髋关节功能Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者PFNA微创治疗股骨粗隆间骨折疗效与非糖尿病患者相当,但其并发症发生率较非糖尿病患者高。     

防旋型股骨近端髓内钉与动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效

目的比较防旋型股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)与动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2012年2月至2013年2月该院收治的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者60例;根据固定方法将患者分为两组,每组30例;其中PFAN组应用PFAN内固定,DHS组应用DHS内固定,术后随访患者1年,采用Harris髋关节评分评价髋关节功能,对比两组手术指标、术后愈合情况及并发症发生率。结果 PFAN组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度均显著小于DHS组(P0.05);两组术后骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1年PFAN组Harris髋关节评分略高于DHS组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PFAN组术后并发症发生率显著低于DHS组(P0.05)。结论 PFNA相比DHS治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折具有较好的临床疗效,有效降低术后并发症的发生。     

老年人A2型股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA和DHS固定疗效比较

目的探讨抗旋转股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)和动力髋螺钉(DHS)固定治疗老年人A2型股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法2013年1月至2014年9月,该院应用PFNA和DHS固定治疗58例65岁以上AO分型为A2型的股骨粗隆间骨折患者,PFNA组33例,DHS组25例,对手术时间,出血量、切口长度,术后引流量,开始负重时间,并发症,骨折愈合时间和关节功能等指标进行统计。髋关节功能评价采用Harris评价标准。结果 PFNA组31例,DHS组24例患者获得随访,随访时间为9.0~15.5个月,骨折临床愈合时间PFNA组(12.5±3.5)w、DHS组(13.5±4.5)w;至末次随访,PFNA组和DHS组髋关节功能评分优良率分别为90.3%和83.3%;股骨近端形态异常发生率PFNA组和DHS组分别为12.9%和33.3%,平均手术时间PFNA组为(40.3±12.7)min,DHS组(85.5±18.6)min;术中出血量PFNA组为(50.2±35.0)ml,DHS组(182.0±76.9)ml;术后引流量PFNA组为(30.5±9.6)ml,DHS组(100.5±10.7)ml;手术切口长度PFNA组(4.3±2.7)cm,DHS组(10.5±5.6)cm;开始负重时间PFNA组(10.3±5.7)d,DHS组(30.5±10.6)d。骨折愈合时间和髋关节Harris评分优良率两组无统计学差异,而两组股骨近端形态异常发生率、平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度、开始负重时间比较差异显著。结论 PFNA和DHS固定治疗老年人A2型股骨粗隆间骨折都能达到理想治疗效果,但PFNA固定较DHS固定方法简便、微创、并发症少,能早期负重活动。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的观察股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术效果。方法选取股骨粗隆间骨折患者85例,随机分为PFNA组43例和外固定组42例,分别采用骨折PFNA内固定术和外固定架固定术治疗。参照Harris评分评价术后髋关节功能恢复情况。结果PFNA组术后（8．9±2．7）周、外固定组（12．4±1．9）周骨折愈合（P〈0．05）。术后随访6～18个月,PFNA组Harris评分为（92．1±3．7）分,髋关节功能优良率为89．7％;外固定组分别为（70．6±4．5）分和51．4％（P均〈0．05）。结论采用PFNA治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折效果好。     

防旋股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的效果及对髋关节功能、生活质量和日常生活能力的影响

目的 探讨防旋股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的效果及对髋关节功能、生活质量和日常生活能力的影响。方法 老年股骨粗隆骨折患者62例,依据手术方法不同分为PFNA组与股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(PFLAP)组。PFNA组采用防旋股骨近端髓内钉治疗,PFLAP组采用股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板治疗。比较两组手术指标,术后并发症和骨折愈合相关指标变化;术前、术后1个月和术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分,生活质量综合评分量表(GQOLI-74)评分和日常生活能力(ADL)评分。结果 PFNA组术中出血量明显少于PFLAP组(P<0.05)。PFNA组术后并发症明显低于PFLAP组(P<0.05)。PFNA组负重时间和骨折愈合时间明显快于PFLAP组(P<0.05)。两组术后、6个月髋关节功能Harris评分、GQOLI-74评分、ADL评分明显高于术前(P<0.05);PFNA组术后1、6个月Harris、GQOLI-74、ADL评分明显高于PFLAP组(P<0.05)。结论 PFNA治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者效果良好,可明显改善患者髋关节功能、生活质量...     

三种内固定方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的效果比较

目的探讨老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者采取三种内固定方式[(股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)、股骨近端锁定板(locking paoximal femoral plate,LPFP)、动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)]治疗的临床效果。方法选择该院2012-01~2015-10收治的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者128例作为研究对象,根据治疗方式不同分为三组,其中PFNA组44例采取PFNA治疗,LPFP组42例采取LPFP治疗,DHS组42例采取DHS治疗。观察记录三组术中与术后指标变化,以及随访1年时Harris髋关节功能评定效果,并对比分析。结果与LPFP组和DHS组比较,PFNA组手术时间较短,术中出血量较少,负重时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间较短,并发症发生率较低(P0.05);LPFP组住院时间较DHS组短(P0.05);三组随访1年髋关节功能优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PFNA、LPFP、DHS治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折均有较好效果,但PFNA最佳,LPFP次之,DHS最差,临床应合理选择。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年骨质疏松性粗隆间骨折的疗效观察

目的 探讨应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效.方法 12例股骨粗隆间骨折应用PFNA进行治疗.结果 经6～24个月随访,平均12个月,骨折全部获得愈合.根据Harris髋关节评分为优9例,良2例,差1例,优良率为91.7%.结论 PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有创伤小、固定牢靠、防旋转、防切割等优点,是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折理想的内固定物,值得推广.     

PFNA和LPFP在老年股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的疗效比较

目的比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)和股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(LPFP)在治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析145例股骨粗隆间骨折,其中PFNA内固定治疗65例,LPFP内固定治疗80例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间及术后12个月髋关节功能Harris评分。所有病例术后获得随访,时间12～18个月,平均14.8个月。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折临床愈合时间及术后12个月髋关节功能Harris评分。结果与LPFP组比较,PFNA组手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折临床愈合时间短,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间术后12个月髋关节功能Harris评分优良率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PFNA和LPFP均是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的理想内固定装置,但PFNA属于髓内固定,更符合生物学内固定理念,且其具有创伤小、手术时间短、术中失血量少、骨折愈合快等优点,应优先选择。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉和解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效比较

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)和解剖型锁定钢板(ALP)治疗不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法选择2013年1月至2015年1月该院收治的不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者80例,依据随机数字表法分为PFNA组(40例)和ALP组(40例)。观察不同组别手术时间、术口长度、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间和术后负重站立时间,并采用Harris评分法评估其髋关节功能恢复情况。结果 PFNA组术口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、负重站立时间和骨折愈合时间均显著低于ALP组(均P0.05)。随访9个月时,PFNA组患者优良率为95%,高于ALP组(90%)(χ2=0.721,P0.05)。PFNA组并发症发生率为2.50%,显著低于ALP组(20.00%)(χ2=6.135,P0.05)。结论 PFNA和ALP治疗不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折均取得较好的临床疗效,但PFNA方案创伤更小、固定更好、并发症少、患者术后恢复更快,值得临床推广。     

LISS接骨板、PFNA内固定、髋关节置换治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效

目的对比分析微创股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定、LISS接骨板、髋关节置换治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法选取150例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,依据随机数字表法分为LISS组、PFNA组、置换组,每组50例,分别接受LISS接骨板、PFNA内固定、髋关节置换治疗。比较3组治疗后的疗效、围术期失血量及住院时间,评估髋关节独立功能评分(FIM)、髋关节功能评分(Harris)、肿胀疼痛程度及并发症发生情况。结果治疗后PFNA组手术时间、骨折愈合时间及术中出血量均最低,其次为置换组、LISS组,而置换组住院时间显著短于LISS、PFNA组,LISS组治疗费用显著低于PFNA、置换组(P<0.05)。术后7 d PFNA组肿胀、疼痛程度显著轻于LISS组、置换组(P<0.05)。3组治疗后Harris、FIM均显著增加,其中PFNA组最高,其次为置换组、LISS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PFNA组、置换组并发症发生率显著低于LISS组(P<0.05)。结论LISS接骨板、PFNA内固定、髋关节置换治疗股骨粗隆间骨折各具优点,其中PFNA内固定疗效最佳,而LISS接骨板费用最低,髋关节置术后初期预后最快,因此应根据患者实际需求选择治疗方案。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.