瑞替普酶溶栓治疗老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效观察

目的观察瑞替普酶治疗老年(60岁)ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的溶栓效果及安全性。方法选取2013年1月至2016年12月在我院治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者73例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法随机分为瑞替普酶组(38例)和尿激酶组(35例),分别采用瑞替普酶和尿激酶进行静脉溶栓治疗。比较两组患者梗死相关血管的血管再通率、出血并发症发生率以及住院病死率。结果瑞替普酶组患者溶栓治疗后30 min、60 min、90 min、120 min的血管再通比例,即临床再灌注成功率均显著高于尿激酶组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在溶栓后1~2周行冠脉造影检查,瑞替普酶组患者冠脉血管再通率,即冠脉造影再灌注成功率,无论是TIMI 2级还是TIMI 3级均显著高于尿激酶组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。瑞替普酶组患者出血并发症发生率(10.5%)显著低于尿激酶组(34.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞替普酶治疗老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的溶栓效果优于尿激酶,安全性高于尿激酶。     

常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶对急性STEMI的疗效

目的:探讨常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的溶栓效果与安全性。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年3月我院收治的经冠状动脉造影确诊为急性STEMI的患者112例。患者被随机均分为瑞替普酶组(仅接受常规剂量瑞替普酶治疗)和联合治疗组(接受常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶治疗)。观察比较两组患者溶栓治疗30min、60min和120 min后的梗死血管再通率和出血并发症发生率。结果:与瑞替普酶组比较,溶栓治疗30min、60min和120 min后,联合治疗组梗死血管再通率(30min:7.1%比25.0%,60min:26.8%比51.8%,120min:60.7%比82.1%)显著升高,P0.05或0.01。联合治疗组和瑞替普酶组均未出现颅内出血和泌尿道出血病例,且消化道出血(8.9%比7.1%)、牙龈出血(12.5%比8.9%)以及出血总发生率(21.4%比16.1%)均无显著差异,P均0.05。结论:与常规剂量瑞替普酶治疗比较,常规剂量替罗非班联合半剂量瑞替普酶治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的溶栓效果更显著,且安全性等同瑞替普酶。     

瑞替普酶与尿激酶在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死溶栓治疗中的疗效比较

目的 研究瑞替普酶和尿激酶在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗中的疗效及安全性.方法 选用符合溶栓标准的急性心肌梗死患者65例.随机分为观察组(瑞替普酶)33例与对照组(尿激酶)32例.观察两组血管再通率、肌钙蛋白达峰时间、出血率、病死率.结果 观察组再通率82.1%明显,优于对照组的62.5%(P＜0.05)、出血发生率6.1%、肌钙蛋白达峰时间13.4 h±2.3 h,明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组病死率无统计学意义.结论 瑞替普酶在急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗中再通率安全性优于尿激酶.     

国产瑞替普酶和进口阿替普酶对ST段抬高型心肌梗死的溶栓疗效比较

目的 比较国产瑞替普酶和进口阿替普酶对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）的溶栓效果.方法 回顾性分析100例STEMI患者,根据溶栓药物不同分为国产瑞替普酶治疗组52例,进口阿替普酶治疗组48例,比较两组患者再通率、心功能、出院存活率、住院天数、出血率、低血压、休克、恶性心律失常发生率、心脏骤停、心衰发生率的差别.结果 两组在再通率、心功能恢复、出院存活率、住院天数、出血率、低血压、休克、恶性心律失常发生率、心脏骤停发生率、心衰发生率方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 国产瑞替普酶和进口阿替普酶治疗STEMI均有良好的疗效,但国产瑞替普酶使用简便、易操作,更适合在临床使用.     

瑞替普酶溶栓后转运PCI治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床观察

目的探讨瑞替普酶静脉溶栓后早期经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的疗效及出血风险。方法选择54例急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,瑞替普酶组为我院2016年1月至2016年12月收治的由其他海岛医院经瑞替普酶溶栓后转运的急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI的28例患者,与2015年1月至2015年12月未溶栓转运行急诊PCI的26例患者进行比较,观察两组的梗死相关血管再通率和术后出血发生率,术后1月通过心脏彩超检测各组患者左心室射血分数值(LVEF)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。结果瑞替普酶组梗死相关血管再通率(82.14%)显著高于对照组(11.54%,),瑞替普酶组的LVEF值高于对照组,而LVEDD值小于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);瑞替普酶组(21.43%)的术后出血发生率与对照组(19.23%)无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论瑞替普酶溶栓治疗后早期PCI能有效开通血管,减少转运途中时间延误造成心肌损伤及心梗后并发症,且出血风险小,适用于交通不便地区及首次医疗接触(FMC)至PCI治疗时间大于120分钟的医院。     

瑞替普酶溶栓对急性心肌梗死的治疗效果观察

目的研究急性心肌梗死采用瑞替普酶溶栓方式进行治疗的临床效果。方法根据随机分组法将我院收治的80例急性心肌梗死患者,分为两组(对照组、观察组),每组40例,对照组采用尿激酶溶栓方式进行治疗;治疗组采用瑞替普酶溶栓方式进行治疗。比较两组药物治疗效果。结果治疗组患者溶栓再通率、再通时间与出血率、心功能恢复时间和住院总时间与对照组比较,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死采用瑞替普酶溶栓方式进行治疗,改善患者的心功能效果确切,应用价值确切。     

瑞替普酶治疗急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死疗效观察

目的：观察瑞替普酶（r PA）治疗急性 ST段抬高性心肌梗死的临床疗效及出血不良反应发生情况。方法选取2011年6月—2013年6月我院住院的90例急性 ST段抬高性心肌梗死病人,随机分为瑞替普酶组（47例）和尿激酶组（43例）。观察两组的临床溶栓再通率及出血不良反应。结果瑞替普酶组30 min、60 min、90 min、120 min临床冠状动脉再通率分别为12.76%、61.70%、74.47%、80.85%。尿激酶组临床冠状动脉再通率分别为2.32%、23.25%、51.16%、55.81%。瑞替普酶组各时间段冠脉再通率均高于尿激酶组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。瑞替普酶组早期溶栓与晚期溶栓冠状动脉再通率高于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组出血不良反应比较差异无统计学意义。结论瑞替普酶治疗急性 ST段抬高性心肌梗死疗效显著,是一种高效安全的溶栓药。     

白藜芦醇联合瑞替普酶在基层医院治疗心肌梗死后心绞痛的疗效分析

目的观察白藜芦醇联合瑞替普酶治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)后心绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法将190例STEMI患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组95例。两组一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均给予冠心病二级预防药物治疗及瑞替普酶溶栓治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予口服白藜芦醇20mg每日3次,连用4周,观察两组心肌梗死后心绞痛发生情况、疗效及安全性。结果观察组心绞痛发生率为23.16%,对照组心绞痛发生率为55.79%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用白藜芦醇联合瑞替普酶治疗STEMI患者,可以显著降低心肌梗死后心绞痛的发生率,不良反应少。     

急诊应用瑞替普酶、重组链激酶溶栓治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床分析

目的 比较第三代静注溶栓药物瑞替普酶和重组链激酶对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者进行静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效.方法 静脉溶栓治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者40例,其中瑞替普酶组22例,重组链激酶组18例,观察血管再通率、死亡率、心力衰竭及休克等并发症和出血不良反应.结果 瑞替普酶组和重组链激酶组的临床再通率分别为86.36%和66.66%,其中60 min及90 min再通率瑞替普酶组高于重组链激酶组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).溶栓后30 d内再闭塞率、心力衰竭及梗死后心绞痛发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),死亡率分别为4.55%和5.55%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),出血发生率瑞替普酶组高于重组链激酶组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 瑞替普酶、重组链激酶均适合急诊室内急性心肌梗死惠者的静脉溶栓治疗,瑞替普酶早期再通率高于重组链激酶.     

注射用瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死的有效性及安全性的临床观察

目的分析注射用瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死的有效性及安全性。方法按照随机分层法将急性心肌梗死患者173例分为研究组87例与对照组86例。研究组与对照组患者分别给予注射用瑞替普酶、注射用阿替普酶进行溶栓治疗。比较观察两组患者治疗后血栓再通情况、并发症发生情况、不良反应发生情况。结果研究组溶栓治疗后0.5 h、1 h、2 h的血栓再通率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组冠状动脉再次闭塞、心源性休克、心力衰竭等并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应事件中牙龈出血例数分别为15例(17.2%)、6例(7%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与阿替普酶相比,瑞替普酶用于急性心肌梗死患者,可有效提高血栓再通率,溶栓效果明显,且无影响患者临床治疗的严重不良反应发生,安全性较高,值得临床推广。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.