丁型肝炎抗原诊断试剂的制备研究

采用从丁型肝炎患者血清中提取高效价的丁型肝炎抗体及辣根过氧化物酶标法，制备丁型肝炎抗原诊断试剂，并对２２２例慢性乙型肝炎患者血清进行了检测。结果；本试剂与爱尔兰抗原试剂特异性比较无显著差异；抗体事和抑制率抗－ＨＤ为６９％－８５％，抗ＨＢｃ为２４％－３３％，重复１０次检测其ＯＤ值的变异无显著性差异。     

聚合酶链反应检测血清丁型肝炎病毒核酸

目的为建立一种特异性强、敏感性高的检测丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）感染的方法，提高丁型肝炎的诊断水平。方法根据ＨＤＶＲＮＡ保守区（６５４～９６３位核苷酸）设计合成两对引物，采用逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－“ｎｅｓｔｅｄ”ＰＣＲ）对３５例肝炎患者血清进行检测。结果二次ＰＣＲ扩增的特异性和敏感性均较一次ＰＣＲ高。１９例丁型肝炎抗原阳性者ＨＤＶＲＮＡ均为阳性，９例丁型肝炎抗体阳性者中有６例阳性，７例单纯ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性者均未检出ＨＤＶＲＮＡ。结论这一检测方法特异性强、敏感性高，可广泛用于临床检测。     

丁型肝炎的分布状况与分析

我们用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了６５５例不同类型乙肝病人，２９５例无症状ＨＢｓＳＡｇ携带者和３１７例献血员血清丁型肝炎病毒抗原（ＨＤＡｇ）和丁型肝炎病毒抗体（抗ＨＤ）。结果表明，９１例丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）标志物阳性病人中，以慢活肝占比数最大，无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者和献血员的感染率分别为５．４％和１．２６％，证实乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）和ＨＤＶ同时或重叠感染与肝炎慢性化有密切关系。应注意对无症状ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者或献血员进行ＨＤＶ标志物的检测。     

HBVe抗原抗体系统与丁型肝炎病毒感染的关系研究

探讨ＨＢＶｅ抗原抗体系统与丁型肝炎病毒感染的关系。方法将６６７例乙肼表面抗原阳性患者分成ｅ抗原阳性、抗－ＨＢｅ阳性和两者均阴性等三级进行丁型肝炎病毒标志物的检测和分析。结果６６７例乙肝患者ＨＤＶ感染４３例（６．４％）,其中ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性组为５．３％（１１／２０６）。抗－ＨＢｅ阳性组为１０．９％（２６／２３７）,ｅ抗原抗体 性组ＨＤＶ为２．３％（６／２２５）。抗ＨＢｅ性组ＨＤＶ感染明显升高（Ｐ〈０．     

431例乙肝患者血清中丁肝病毒标志物的检测

对４３１例各类型乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清进行了丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）标志物的检测及分析，结果显示：乙型肝炎患者中丁型肝炎病毒的感染率为４．６％（２０／４３１）。２０例丁型肝炎患者其血清标志物ＨＤ－Ａｇ，抗－ＨＤ－ＩｇＭ及抗－ＨＤ的检出率分别为６０．０％，７０．０％，及１５．０％，乙肝与丁型肝炎病毒双重感染者其乙肝复制指标的检出率均显著低于单一乙肝感染者（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

丁型肝炎IgM抗体检测方法的建立和应用

本文根据ＥＬＩＳＡ抗体捕获法的原理，采用抗人ＩｇＭ单克隆抗体和丁型肝炎抗原等，建立了特异性强、灵敏度高的ＩｇＭ抗－ＨＤ检测方法。对１４２例病人血清检测，ＩｇＭ抗－ＨＤ阳性率为４．９％。为丁型肝炎的早期诊断和流行病学研究提供了实验手段。     

树鼩感染丁型肝炎病毒的实验研究

作者以树为对象、建立丁型肝炎病毒（ＨＤＶ）／乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）实验感染动物模型，为丁型肝炎发病机理和药物筛选提供研究基础。对人工饲养的２０只健康成年树　接种ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性血清后ＨＢｓＡｇ的转阳率为７５％（１５只）；分别以同时感染（１３只）和重叠感染（９只）两种方式接种ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＤＶＲＮＡ阳性血清后，各有８只和６只树　的血清乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）、丁肝抗原（ＨＤＡｇ）和丁肝抗体（抗ＨＤ）相继转阳，部分血清或肝内检出ＨＤＶＲＮＡ，以ＨＤＶ／ＨＢＶ阳性树　血清在树　间进行传代感染，可见第二代４只中３只、第三代５只中４只树　的血清ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＤＡｇ和抗ＨＤＶ相继转阳，２只第三代感染树　血清中检出ＨＤＶＲＮＡ，肝内检出ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＤＡｇ阳性；连续观察１６～１９个月，经重叠感染成功的４只树　血清ＨＢｓＡｇ持续阳性，２只ＨＤＡｇ和抗ＨＤ交替出现，１只抗ＨＤ持续阳性，提示可发展成慢性ＨＤＶ感染；感染ＨＤＶ的树　血清ＡＴＬ升高，肝组织有类似肝炎样病理变化，与ＨＤＶ在黑猩猩体内感染结果类似，提示树　可作为ＨＤＶ感染的动物模型。     

122例肝病患者肝内HDV,HBV感染的研究

本文对１２２例各型肝病患者用ＡＢＣ法同时检测肝内ＨＤＶ及ＨＢＶ抗原。结果显示，ＨＢｓＡｇ和／或ＨＢｃＡｇ检出率为２７．８７％（３４例），其中ＨＢｃＡｇ为１３．２２％（１６例），ＨＢｓＡｇ为１８．１８％（２２例），两者无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．ＨＤＡｇ检出率为４．９２％（６例），这６例丁型肝炎血中均检出ＨＢｓＡｇ和抗一ＨＢｃ，为慢性肝炎．在重肝、肝硬化和肝癌患者的肝内未检出ＨＤＡｇ．说明我国肝炎病毒感染仍以ＨＢＶ为主，ＨＤＶ感染率明显低于欧美，ＨＤＶ感染与ＨＢＶ感染关系密切，ＨＢＶ感染合并ＨＤＶ感染时易使病程慢性化。     

病毒性肝炎患者肝病变及临床分析

笔者观察了１０７例经病理证实的各型病毒性肝炎,对其临床与病理诊断符合情况及各型乙肝患者血清乙型肝炎病毒标记物（ＨＢＶ－Ｍ）和ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ的关系进行了分析,现报道如下。１　材料与方法１．１　病例来源　１０７例均为北京佑安医院１９９３～１９９６年住院病人,全部经肝穿刺病理诊断。同时检测血清甲型肝炎抗体（抗ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ）,ＨＢＶ－Ｍ,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ,抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＭ,抗ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ,抗ＨＤＶ－ＩｇＭ,抗ＨＤ及丁型肝炎抗原（ＨＤＡｇ）,抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ。其中男８０例,女２７例,年龄１７～６８岁。病…     

丁型肝炎病毒RNA巢式逆转录PCR检测

为了提高丁型肝炎病毒的实验室诊断水平，建立一个高敏感性和特异性的丁型肝炎病毒的检测方法。根据ＧＥＮＢＡＮＫ中ＨＤＶ的核酸序列设计出巢式引物，采用逆转录巢式ＰＣＲ方法对４０例肝炎患者进行检测。结果：２０例丁型肝炎病毒抗原阳性的ＨＤＶＲＮＡ均为阳性，１０例丁型肝炎病毒抗体阳性中ＨＤＶＲＮＡ阳性６例，１０例单纯ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ和抗ＨＢｃ阳性的均未检出ＨＤＶＲＮＡ。结论：巢式逆转录ＰＣＲ可以作为丁型肝炎病毒临床检测的一种方法     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.