氯沙坦逆转高血压大鼠心肌重塑的实验研究

目的探讨氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌重塑的影响。方法16周龄雄性SHR20只,随机分为氯沙坦治疗组和SHR对照组。同龄雄性WKY鼠10只作为正常对照组。给予氯沙坦每天30mg/kg溶于饮水灌胃治疗17周。测定动脉收缩压、左心室壁的厚度、左心室重量与体重之比(LVW/BW)。透射电镜评估左心室肥厚(LVH)的程度。用真彩色图像分析系统计算左心室胶原容积分数。结果氯沙坦治疗组血压、LVW/BW、左室壁厚度与SHR对照组相比明显降低,但与WKY相比有所升高。透射电镜下氯沙坦治疗组心肌的超微结构与WKY相似,SHR的结构有异常改变。与SHR对照组相比,氯沙坦治疗组左心室胶原容积分数下降。结论氯沙坦能有效地降低SHR的血压、逆转高血压左室重塑。     

Losartan抗高血压左室肥厚的细胞学机制研究

目的:探讨细胞增殖与细胞凋亡在高血压左室肥厚中的作用及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT₁受体)拮抗剂在体干预对其影响。方法:选用成年12及24周龄SHR和WKY大鼠,干预组SHR自12周龄起每日胃管灌饲losartan(15mg·kg^-1·d^-1)至24周龄止。称重法测量左室肥厚指数,免疫组化法检测PCNA的蛋白表达,TUNEL法原位检测细胞凋亡,半定量RT－PCR法检测fas mRNA表达。结果:SHR左室肥厚指数、心肌细胞凋亡率显著多于同龄WKY(P＜0.01),心肌成纤维细胞凋亡率显著低于同龄WKY(P＜0.05)。12周龄SHR心肌细胞PCNA阳性率显著高于同龄WKY(P＜0.05),心肌成纤维细胞阳性率在两组间无显著差异。24周龄WKY和干预组SHR无PCNA阳性细胞检出,24周龄SHR偶见阳性心肌细胞。干预组左室肥厚指数、心肌细胞凋亡率显著低于同龄SHR组,成纤维细胞凋亡率显著高于同龄SHR组。各组大鼠心肌组织中fasmRNA表达量与细胞凋亡率呈正相关(r=0.52,P＜0.05)。结论:成年SHR左室肥厚的细胞学变化表现为心肌细胞的增殖/凋亡的失衡,以及心肌成纤维细胞凋亡的减少。losartan抗成年SHR左室肥厚的机制可能与改变这种异常的细胞群体变化及调节fas基因的表达有关。     

Three-dimensional observation on sarcoplasmic reticulum and caveolae in myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Three-dimensional observation of intracellular membranous structures in myocardium was carried out in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; a model of hypertrophied myocardium) under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with those of age- and sex-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). There was no apparent difference in the ultrastructures of the myocardium between 5-week-old SHR (before the onset of hypertension but with mild cardiac hypertrophy) and age- and sex-matched control rats. Ten-week-old SHR in an early stage of hypertension with significant cardiac hypertrophy, showed a significant increase in the number of caveolae compared with those of 10-week-old WKY, and numerous abnormal caveolae aggregates connected by filamentous structures. Moreover the density of the network of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was also increased, and some SR had a giant, squamous appearance. Accumulation of mitochondria with dense cristae was also observed in 10-week-old SHR. In 20-week-old SHR with established hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, the caveolae and SR observed in 10-week-old SHR were no longer present, but caveolae were distributed in bands with variable width, parallel to the long axis of the myocardium. A wavy arrangement of mitochondria, fragmentation and stacks of mitochondrial cristae were observed in 20-week-old SHR. The changes of caveolae and giant squamous SR in cardiac hypertrophy observed in the present study have never been reported in previous studies. Our results suggest that the changes in caveolae, SR and mitochondria observed in SHR may be important morphological signs during development of cardiac hypertrophy in SHR.     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚和转化生长因子β_1的影响

目的 :探讨转化生长因子 β1 (TGFβ1 )在自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚中的作用及氯沙坦对左心室肥厚和TGFβ1 水平的影响。方法 :2 0只SHR随机分成氯沙坦治疗组和未治疗组 ,每组10只 ,用免疫组织化学法检测SHR心肌TGFβ1 的表达及氯沙坦治疗后的改变 ,同时观察心肌肥厚的变化 ,并与正常WKY组对照。结果 :正常组心肌细胞胞浆内TGFβ1 表达呈弱阳性 ,SHR对照组呈强阳性 ,氯沙坦治疗组呈阳性反应。用图像分析仪计算其平均吸光度分别为 17.46± 2 .3 8、15 6.81± 2 1.75、67.19± 7.2 4,并且SHR左心室质量指数 (LVWI)高于WKY组 ,氯沙坦治疗组LVWI低于对照组。结论 :TGFβ1 在自发性高血压大鼠心肌中表达增强 ,而氯沙坦治疗可抑制其表达 ,从而可能延缓SHR左心室肥厚的病理学进展。     

Effects of ageing on cardiac performance and coronary flow in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of ageing on cardiac function and coronary flow in Wistar Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY, 16 and 78 weeks of age) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the same age. Cardiac function was determined on isolated hearts by means of an antegrade heart perfusion technique. Left atrial pressure and peak aortic pressure could be altered independently of each other. Recordings of cardiac output and coronary flow were then obtained at both normotensive and hypertensive levels of peak aortic pressures. Peak stroke volume (SV) was reduced with age in both WKY and SHR. Peak SV determined at normotensive pressure loads became diminished with age in WKY, while it at hypertensive pressure loads showed a small decline with age, since peak SV was low as early as 16 weeks of age. The age-dependent fall in cardiac performance was greater in SHR than in WKY, due to the enhanced peak SV in 16-week-old SHR at hypertensive pressure loads. Peak SV was markedly decreased at normotensive pressure levels in both 16- and 78-week-old SHR v. age-matched WKY. Coronary flow per unit tissue declined with age both in WKY and SHR. Coronary flow was also lower in SHR compared to age-matched WKY. With ageing this elevated performance was reduced down to the same level as in 78-week-old WKY. The age-related coronary flow reduction and the consistently reduced flow in SHR indicate a structural narrowing of the coronary vascular bed, particularly in SHR.     

苯那普利对高血压大鼠细胞外信号调节激酶和B型钠尿肽的影响

目的：研究苯那普利对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）和B型钠尿肽（BNP）的影响。方法：选择Wistar Kyoto（WKY）大鼠作对照，将21只14周龄雄性SHR随机分成3组：未治疗组、肼苯哒嗪组和苯那普利组，每组7只。药物溶于载体（0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠）以灌胃法给予，肼苯哒嗪10 mg·kg-1·d-1，苯那普利10 mg·kg-1·d-1，SHR未治疗组及WKY组灌喂载体，共10周。以左心室重量与体重的比值反映心肌肥厚的程度；用袖带式尾动脉测压法测量大鼠尾动脉血压；分别用Western blotting方法和RT-PCR法半定量测定大鼠心肌中磷酸化ERK（p-ERK）的蛋白表达以及BNP mRNA的含量；酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠血浆BNP水平。结果：（1） 治疗后SHR苯那普利组和SHR肼苯哒嗪组血压相似，均显著低于SHR未治疗组（P<0.01）。（2） SHR苯那普利组心肌肥厚指数显著低于SHR肼苯哒嗪组和SHR未治疗组(P<0.01) ，与WKY组无显著差异(P>0.05)；SHR肼苯哒嗪组和SHR未治疗组心肌肥厚指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。（3）SHR苯那普利组大鼠心肌p-ERK表达显著低于SHR肼苯哒嗪组和SHR未治疗组(P<0.05) ，与WKY组无显著差异(P>0.05)。SHR肼苯哒嗪组和SHR未治疗组大鼠心肌p-ERK表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。（4） SHR苯那普利组大鼠心肌BNP mRNA和血浆BNP水平显著低于SHR肼苯哒嗪组和SHR未治疗组(P<0.05)，与WKY组无显著差异(P>0.05)；SHR肼苯哒嗪组和SHR未治疗组大鼠心肌BNP mRNA和血浆BNP水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：苯那普利能通过抑制ERK活性逆转心肌肥厚，伴随BNP水平下降；而降压效果相似的肼苯哒嗪不能抑制心肌肥厚，对p-ERK和BNP水平没有影响，提示BNP水平可以反映逆转心肌肥厚药物疗效。     

高血压大鼠血管外周脂肪组织对血管调节功能的改变及他汀类药物治疗的影响

目的：观察自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR) 血管外周脂肪组织释放血管舒张因子功能的改变及他汀类药物干预的影响。方法:SHR 10周龄后，分别给予阿托伐他汀钙50 mg/kg·d,血脂康 2 400 mg/kg·d干预16周。观察阿托伐他汀钙干预组（SHR-A）、血脂康干预组（SHR-X）、对照SHR组和WKY组的血压（SBP）变化；于26周龄，把各组大鼠的相邻的两段胸主动脉环分为血管外周脂肪亚组和裸血管亚组，予10-6 mmol/L苯肾上腺素(PHE)刺激,比较两亚组血管收缩力的差异;用液体转移的方法,观察孵育血管外周脂肪组织的培养液对裸血管张力的影响。结果:① WKY组、SHR-A组、SHR-X组SBP实验前后无显著变化，SHR组的SBP实验结束时显著高于实验开始时；② WKY组、SHR-A组、SHR-X组血管外脂肪亚组的收缩力低于裸血管亚组的收缩力,而SHR两血管亚组的收缩力无差别;③ 把WKY组，SHR-A组，SHR-X组孵育的血管外脂肪的培养液转移到裸血管均诱发其快速舒张，而SHR组则无显著血管舒张反应。结论：WKY的血管外周脂肪组织释放一种可转移性血管舒张因子，降低血管对苯肾上腺素的反应性,调节血管功能而SHR的血管外周脂肪组织这种血管调节作用减弱;血管外周脂肪组织这种功能异常可能是高血压血管功能异常的病理基础之一他汀类药物治疗在修复SHR血管外周脂肪组织这种功能异常的同时,还能减缓SHR血压上升。     

不同年龄高血压大鼠血管平滑肌中ERK和MKP-1的表达

目的：研究不同年龄的自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）和Wistar Kyoto大鼠（WKY）主动脉平滑肌中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）及其磷酸酶（MKP-1）的表达及其与高血压的关系。 方法： 用tail-cuff测量大鼠尾动脉血压；分别用Western blotting法和RT-PCR法半定量测定血管平滑肌中磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（p-ERK）和MKP-1的蛋白表达以及MKP-1 mRNA的含量。 结果： （1）SHR的血压自8周龄起明显高于WKY（P<0.01），且随年龄增长而升高（P<0.05）至14周以后趋于稳定；（2）SHR主动脉平滑肌中的p-ERK表达明显高于同年龄的WKY（P<0.01），随年龄增长而递增（P<0.05），与血压呈正相关；（3）SHR主动脉平滑肌中MKP-1蛋白明显高于同龄WKY，而mRNA的表达在5周龄时明显高于WKY，之后均随年龄的增长而递减（P<0.05），与血压和ERK呈负相关，而WKY下降不明显。 结论： MKP-1在高血压的发生和发展过程中起重要作用，其表达逐渐下降可能是导致ERK激活增加，从而导致血管平滑肌细胞增殖、血压升高的重要原因。     

Sensitivity of pressor responses to central hypertonic saline is greatly enhanced even in pre-hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats

It has been suggested that intracerebroventricular injection of hypertonic saline mimics the effects of a high salt diet in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a genetic model of hypertension. Intracerebroventricular injection of hypertonic saline produces an increase in blood pressure and the pressor response to hypertonic saline is enhanced in adult hypertensive SHR. In this study, we examined whether the intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline-induced pressor response is enhanced even in pre-hypertensive SHR. The basal mean blood pressure was almost the same in 4-week-old SHR and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), whereas it was greater in 15-16-week-old SHR than in age-matched WKY. Intracerebroventricular injection of hypertonic saline (10 microl of 230 mM NaCl) produced an increase in blood pressure in both 4-week-old and 15-16-week-old SHR, whereas it did not affect blood pressure in both age-matched WKY. Intracerebroventricular injection of hypertonic saline (10 microl of 260 mM NaCl) produced an increase in blood pressure in all rats but the pressor response was greater in both 4-week-old and 15-16-week-old SHR than in respective age-matched WKY. Intracerebroventricular injection of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide (FMRF), an FMRF-inducible sodium channel activator, produced an increase in blood pressure in all rats but the pressor response was greater in SHR than in WKY at both ages. These findings indicate that the sensitivities of pressor responses to intracerebroventricular hypertonic saline and FMRF are enhanced not only in hypertensive but also in pre-hypertensive SHR.     

The effects of beta adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol on myocardial cellular and subcellular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats

In this study we investigated the effects of chronic β adrenoreceptor blockade with atenolol on cellular and subcellular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Atenolol was injected subcutaneously (20 mg/kg) twice daily commencing in four-week-old rats. The treated animals (SHR-A) were compared to their nontreated controls and normotensive, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls at the age of 16 weeks. A group of atenolol-treated WKY was also studied. Chronic drug treatment was effective in attenuating the rise in systolic blood pressure characteristic of SHR, but did not normalize the values to those of WKY. Cardiac hypertrophy, characteristic of SHR, was modified by drug treatment as evidenced by left ventricular weights as well as myocardial cell size. The cells from the subendocardium underwent selective hypertrophy in SHR which was attentuated by about 50% after atenolol treatment. Stereological analysis of electron micrographs showed that while relative mitochondrial volume was not affected by treatment, relative myofibrillar volume (%) decreased in both subepicardium (SHR = 63.28 ± 1.25; SHR-A = 56.72 ± 1.37) and subendocardium (SHR = 66.53 ± 1.27; SHR-A = 58.30 ± 1.51). This change raised the mitochondrial/myofibrillar volume ratio, which is characteristically low in SHR compared to WKY. Sarcoplasm, which included all cell constituents except mitochondria, increased with atenolol treatment, but water concentration remained unchanged. The data suggest that attenuation of hypertrophy in SHR after β blockade is associated with selective effects on the myocardial cell involving primarily the myofibrillar cell compartment.     

阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织PPARs表达的影响

目的： 探讨阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织PPARs（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARs）表达的影响及其对心肌肥厚的逆转作用与可能机制。方法: 自发性高血压大鼠分为阿托伐他汀灌胃治疗组（SHR-A，30 mg·kg-1·d-1）及模型组（SHR），治疗8周，同周龄Wistar-Kyoto 鼠为正常血压对照组。治疗前及治疗后2、4、8周测量大鼠尾动脉血压。治疗后测血浆血脂水平，以心脏组织病理分析判断心肌肥厚，Western blotting 检测心肌组织PPARα、PPARγ的表达水平。结果: 经过8周治疗， SHR-A组及SHR组血压及血脂水平无明显差异（P＞0.05）。SHR-A组左室重量指数低于SHR组（P＜0.01）。在SHR-A组，PPARα及PPARγ表达高于SHR组（P＜0.01）。结论: 阿托伐他汀显著改善自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织PPARs表达，有效逆转左室肥厚，可能与其降压及降脂作用无关。     

短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶在大鼠心脏发育中的表达及其与心肌肥厚的关系

 目的：研究大鼠心脏发育过程中短链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, SCAD)的表达变化规律,并探讨其与高血压大鼠心肌肥厚的关系。方法：观察不同时期Wistar大鼠和不同周龄自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织的SCAD蛋白表达及酶活性变化,检测大鼠的血清和心肌游离脂肪酸含量。结果：与胚胎期19 d Wistar大鼠组比较,出生后1 d、2周、6周及16周龄Wistar大鼠组心肌的SCAD蛋白表达及酶活性增加,血清和心肌游离脂肪酸含量明显减少,二者之间呈负相关,其中,从2周龄Wistar大鼠组开始差异有统计学意义。与周龄匹配的WKY大鼠组比较,2周龄自发性高血压大鼠组收缩压尚未升高,6周龄及16周龄自发性高血压大鼠组收缩压显著增高;各时点自发性高血压大鼠组的左室重量指数均明显增高,提示自发性高血压大鼠在血压升高之前,已经发生了明显的心肌肥厚。与周龄匹配的WKY大鼠组比较,2周、6周及16周龄自发性高血压大鼠组心肌的SCAD蛋白表达及酶活性明显下降,血清和心肌游离脂肪酸含量明显增加,呈显著负相关。结论：(1)SCAD蛋白表达随大鼠心脏的生长发育逐渐上调,可能与心脏对脂肪酸的利用增加密切相关。(2)SCAD的蛋白表达及其酶活性显著下降, 可能是导致自发性高血压大鼠肥厚心肌能量代谢“胚胎型再演”的分子基础。     

Role of respiratory viral infection in sids: Detection of viral nucleic acid by in situ hybridization

There is considerable evidence suggesting that respiratory viral infection is involved in the genesis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), with rates of about 20 per cent of SIDS victims compared to about 13 per cent of controls. Since the techniques used previously are prone to under-reporting from autopsy material, non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) has been used to detect viral nucleic acid in lung in SIDS. Forty-five SIDS cases (30 males) were examined (age range 3 weeks–14 months, mean age 3·9 months). Thirty non-SIDS cases (15 males) were also examined (age range 5 weeks–24 months, mean age 9·0 months). Eleven of 45 (24·4 per cent) SIDS cases were positive by NISH compared to 1 of 30 (3·3 per cent) non-SIDS cases (P=0·012). There were eight cases of adenovirus type 5, two cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and one case of parainfluenza virus type 2. The one positive control case was adenovirus type 5. Only lung parenchyma was examined here. Additional examination of the upper respiratory tract may increase the number of positive cases.     

Electron microscopic study on regression of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats

In this electron microscopic study of cardiocytes during regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), nifedipine (SHR-N) and lisinopril (SHR-L) were given to 15-week-old SHR (SHR-C₁₅) for 20 weeks. In untreated SHR, cardiocytes were enlarged, lateral branches (LBs) multiplied and intracellular organelles became degenerated between 15 and 35 weeks of age. In SHR-N, despite a slight reduction in blood pressure (BP), LVH regressed and cell width and the number of LBs were preserved at the level found in SHR-C₁₅. In SHR-L, LVH regressed with moderate suppression of BP; cell width, cell length and the number of LBs reverted to those in agematched Wistar Kyoto rats. In both SHR-N and SHR-L, intracellular ultrastructures were nearly normalized. These findings suggest that, in addition to BP reduction, other pharmacological factors play a role in structural repair of hypertrophied cardiocytes.     

氯沙坦逆转高血压大鼠阻力血管重塑的实验研究

目的:探讨氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)阻力血管重塑的影响。方法:将雄性SHR20只随机分为氯沙坦治疗组和SHR对照组。另选同系雄性WKY大鼠10只作为正常对照组。治疗组给予氯沙坦30mg/kg/天,溶于饮水灌胃治疗17周。颈动脉插管,心电血流动力学监护仪测定动脉收缩压,应用计算机图像分析,计算血管壁腔面积比,用光镜和透射电镜观察SHR肠系膜动脉三级分支结构的变化;血浆放免法测肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量。结果:氯沙坦治疗组的血管壁腔面积比与SHR对照组相比有所降低(P<0.05),但与WKY相比有所升高(P<0.05);血浆肾素活性在WKY组和SHR对照组之间无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗组肾素活性高于SHR对照组(P<0.05);治疗组的AngⅡ水平高于SHR对照组(P<0.01)。结论:氯沙坦具有逆转SHR血管重塑的作用。     

p53 OVEREXPRESSION AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER: CORRELATION WITH HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Seventy-nine transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary bladder (25 grade 1, 22 grade 2, and 32 grade 3 tumours) were examined for p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody and for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive immunostaining for p53 was detected in 40·5 per cent of the cases; the percentage of positive cases was significantly lower in low-grade (G1 and G2) TCCs than in high-grade (G3) tumours (10·6 per cent vs. 84·4 per cent; P <0·0001). The overall rate of HPV infection was 32·9 per cent; 20·3 per cent of the cases were positive for HPV 16, 3·8 per cent for HPV 18, and 8·9 per cent for both. Consensus primers as well as type-specific primers for HPV types 6, 11, and 33 failed to detect any additional case with HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 infection was significantly higher in low-grade than in high-grade tumours (44·7 per cent vs. 15·6 per cent; P =0·0061). p53-positive cases were more common among papillary, deeply infiltrating tumours, and HPV-positive cases among papillary, non-infiltrating lesions. According to these data, p53 overexpression and HPV 16/18 infection are common findings in bladder TCC and there appears to be an inverse correlation of p53 overexpression and of HPV infection with tumour aggressiveness. The possibility of different molecular pathways in superficial low-grade and in invasive high-grade tumours is suggested.     

Temporal characteristics of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

BACKGROUND: The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is frequently used as model of cardiovascular disease, with considerable disparity in reported parameters of hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal changes occurring during the development and progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in SHR, subsequent to pressure overload, compared to changes associated with normal aging using the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat. METHODS: Ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated from rats at 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks, and parameters of hypertrophy (cell dimensions, protein mass, de novo protein synthesis, and gene expression) and function (contraction and hypertrophic responsiveness in vitro) were assessed. RESULTS: Hypertension was evident at > or =7 weeks in SHRs. Heart:body mass ratio, cardiomyocyte protein mass and width were elevated (P<.05) in SHRs at 16-20 weeks compared to WKYs. In SHRs compared to WKYs at 16 weeks, there was a transient increase (P<.05) in protein synthesis, enhanced hypertrophic responsiveness to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, and induced hypertrophic responsiveness to isoprenaline. Skeletal-alpha-actin mRNA was detected in SHR but not WKY cells at all ages. ANP mRNA was lower in SHR than in WKY cells at 8-20, but progressively increased (P<.05) from 12 to 24 weeks within SHRs. Contractile function increased (P<.05) at 20 weeks in SHR compared to WKY rats. CONCLUSION: Structural and functional changes occurring at the cellular level in the myocardium of SHR follow a distinct pattern, such that pressure overload was initially accompanied by expressional changes (8-12 weeks), followed by active hypertrophic growth and enhanced function (16-20 weeks), which subsequently decelerated as stable compensation was attained.     

不同年龄高血压大鼠心肌中MKP-1的表达及对心肌肥厚的影响

目的：研究不同年龄的自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）和Wistar Kyoto大鼠（WKY）心室肌组织中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）及其磷酸酶（MKP-1）的表达以及与心肌肥厚的关系。方法： 用左心室重量与体重的比值作为心肌肥大指数并以此指标反映心肌肥厚；分别用Western blotting方法和RT-PCR法半定量测定心室肌组织中磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（p-ERK）的蛋白表达和MKP-1 mRNA的含量。结果： （1）SHR的血压自8周龄起明显高于WKY（P<0.01），心肌肥大指数明显大于WKY（P<0.05），ERK和MKP-1的表达均比WKY高（P<0.05）；（2）SHR的血压随年龄增长而升高（P<0.05），至14周趋于稳定，心肌肥大指数则在24周时出现激增（P<0.01）；（3）p-ERK随年龄增长呈递增趋势，而MKP-1呈递减趋势，且与心肌肥大指数和ERK的表达呈负相关（P<0.01）。结论： MKP-1在高血压大鼠随年龄和血压增加的心肌肥厚过程中起重要作用，其表达逐渐下降可能是导致ERK激活增加，进而引起心肌细胞肥大的重要原因。     

Effects of exercise training on pathological cardiac hypertrophy related gene expression and apoptosis

This study determined whether exercise training prevents pathological hypertrophy in the left ventricle by modulation of myocardial and apoptosis-associated genes. We used spontaneously hypertensive rats (n=15, non-exercise SHR), exercise-trained SHR (n=15, treadmill exercise for 12 weeks), and sedentary Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (n=15). Exercise-trained SHR expressed adaptive changes such as reduced body weight, heart rate, blood pressures, left ventricle wall thickness, lipid profiles, and homocysteine level. The mRNA expression of angiotensin converting enzyme, endothelin-1, and brain natriuretic peptides in the heart was lower in the exercise-trained SHR and in the WKY than in the non-exercise SHR, whereas mRNA expression of caveolin-3 and eNOS in the heart was higher. Bcl-2 protein was higher in the exercise-trained SHR than in the WKY and the non-exercise SHR. In contrast, Bax protein levels were lower in the exercise-trained SHR and in the WKY than in the non-exercise SHR. Furthermore, the levels of the active forms of caspase-3 (20 kDa) were lower in the exercise-trained SHR and in the WKY than in the non-exercise SHR. These findings suggest that exercise training prevents pathological hypertrophy in the left ventricle by modulation of myocardial genes and that it interferes with a signal transduction pathway of apoptosis secondary to the pathological cardiac hypertrophy.     

Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction and effects of ACE inhibition on hemodynamics and scar formation in SHR.

The effect of ACE inhibition after myocardial infarction (MI) on MI healing and remodeling in the presence of hypertension is not exactly known. Therefore, the effect of quinapril on scar formation, remodeling and hemodynamics was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Nine weeks after moderate and large MI, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and passive pressure-volume relations were similar in 28-week-old hypertensive and normotensive rats. Chronic therapy with quinapril (6 mg/kg/day, started 30 min post-MI) reduced LVEDP and LV to body weight ratio, yet did not affect pressure-volume relations. Quinapril increased MI size and reduced the content and brightness of collagen fibers in the scar examined by polarized light microscopy. In conclusion, ventricular dilatation after MI was not accelerated in SHR, probably due to LV hypertrophy. Quinapril produced beneficial hemodynamic effects similar to that observed in the normotensive rat model. The significance and timing of ACE inhibitor-induced impairment of scar formation need further evaluation.