Effects of Daniellia oliveri bark on isolated rat bladder.

The stem bark of Daniellia oliveri was screened phytochemically and a methanol extract prepared.-Condensed tannins, saponins, cyanogenetic and cardiac glycosides were identified in the crude drug. The cardiac glycoside components in the methanol extract were precipitated with acetone to yield a reddish-brown residue. The n-butanol soluble fraction of an aqueous solution of this residue tested positive for cardiac glycosides and was shown by TLC to contain steroidal compounds. This fraction was subjected to pharmacological studies on isolated rat bladder smooth muscle. It had no effect on purinergic neurotransmission but was a noncompetitive antagonist for muscarinic receptors.     

胆木化学成分对HUVEC细胞活性氧和通透性的影响

目的:研究胆木化学成分对HUVEC细胞通透性、ROS生成水平的影响,探讨胆木对HUVEC的保护作用。方法:设有对照组和观察组,通过FITC标记的右旋糖酐(Dextran)试剂盒检测胆木成分对AngⅡ诱导HUVEC单层通透性的影响;以DCFH-DA试剂盒检测胆木化学成分对ROS的抑制作用,采用LPS诱导HUVEC细胞的ROS。结果:胆木生物碱及酚酸类成分对LPS引起的ROS水平增加有抑制趋势,10μg/mL的喜果苷促进作用有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胆木成分具有促进HUVEC细胞通透性增加的作用,其中异常春花苷内酰胺、喜果苷和原儿茶酸对HUVEC细胞通透性有明显的促进作用。结论:胆木抗炎作用可能与其促进活性氧生成及通透性增加有关。     

In vitro antiplasmodial activity of stem and root extracts of Nauclea latifolia S.M. (Rubiaceae)

Aqueous extracts from Nauclea latifolia S.M. (Rubiaceae), a plant commonly used in Ivory Coast by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria, were tested on two strains of Plasmodium falciparum: FcB1-Colombia (chloroquine-resistant) and a Nigerian strain (chloroquine-sensitive). The extracts were obtained from stems and roots of the plant in two forms, infusion and decoction, both methods used by most traditional healers. The in vitro activity of N. latifolia extracts on P. falciparum was assessed both visually and by a radioactive method. The visual analysis allowed determination of the time of extract action on the erythrocytic cycle, as well as the parasitic stage of most inhibitory effect. Similar results were obtained applying fresh, frozen or lyophilized extracts. The IC₅₀ values determined were within the range already reported for other antimalarial plants such as Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) or Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae). Aqueous extracts of N. latifolia inhibited P. falciparum (FcB1 strain) mainly at the end of the erythrocytic cycle (32nd to 48th hour).     

黎药胆木不同提取部位急性毒性实验研究

目的 观察胆木不同提取部位的急性毒性.方法 以最大浓度及最大给药体积的药液灌胃给药, 3次/d.连续观察7 d,记录小鼠毒副反应情况.结果 观察7 d后,全部动物健存,小鼠体重平均增长28.14%和21.46%,均未见任何毒性反应.胆木水提物最大给药量为400 g/kg体重,相当于成人日用量的200倍;胆木总生物碱给药量为24 g/kg.结论 胆木不同提取部位毒性均较小.     

Neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia root bark in rats and mice

The present study evaluated the neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous extract of Nauclea latifolia root bark in rodents. Effects on the spontaneous motor activity (SMA), exploratory behaviour, pentobarbital sleeping time, apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviour and motor coordination (rota-rod performance) were investigated. The extract (50-200 mg/kg p.o.) significantly (P<0.05) decreased the SMA and exploratory behaviour in mice and prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time in rats dose-dependently. The extract also remarkably attenuated the intensity of apomorphine-induced stereotypy dose-dependently in mice, but had no effect on motor coordination as determined by the performance on rota-rod. These results indicate the presence of psychoactive substances in the aqueous extract of the root bark of Nauclea latifolia.     

乌檀属植物的吲哚类生物碱成分研究进展

对乌檀属植物吲哚类生物碱的植物资源、骨架结构、波谱学特征及生物活性进行了阐述，对其吲哚生物碱的植物资源进行了归纳，为其开发提供了方向。     

桑叶提取物对MSG肥胖大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

[目的]研究桑叶提取物改善L-谷氨酸钠诱导的MSG大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。[方法]选取桑叶中总多糖、总黄酮和总生物碱提取物作为受试药物。复制MSG大鼠模型,随机分为模型对照组、罗格列酮组、非诺贝特组、桑叶总多糖高、低剂量组,桑叶总黄酮高、低剂量组,桑叶总生物碱高、低剂量组;另选健康SD大鼠作为正常对照组。连续给药8周,实验期间进行蔗糖耐量和胰岛素耐量实验。给药8周后腹主动脉取血,检测空腹葡萄糖和血清胰岛素含量,并计算胰岛素敏感指数。[结果]桑叶提取物各给药组对MSG大鼠空腹血糖和血清胰岛素有明显的抑制作用,并具有一定的改善糖耐量和胰岛素耐量,升高胰岛素敏感指数的作用。[结论]桑叶总多糖、总黄酮和总生物碱能够明显改善MSG大鼠胰岛素抵抗,为桑叶改善糖尿病前期糖脂代谢异常的药效基础提供实验依据。     

大孔树脂法分离纯化胆木中短小蛇根草苷

目的:考察不同型号大孔树脂分离纯化胆木提取液中短小蛇根草苷(Pum iloside,PML)的工艺条件及参数。方法:采用水煎法提取,HPLC法测定含量;以静态饱和吸附量、洗脱量、洗脱率为指标比较5种大孔树脂,并对AB-8树脂的吸附容量、洗脱溶剂、洗脱体积进行筛选;采用甲醇重结晶法纯化PML,并用波谱方法鉴定其化学结构。结果:5种树脂中,AB-8型树脂具有较好的吸附及洗脱参数,对PML的吸附容量为2.44 mg/g干树脂。适宜的工艺条件为:6倍柱体积蒸馏水洗脱后,再用4倍柱体积的30%乙醇以2 BV/h的流速洗脱,减压回收溶剂后过滤,沉淀甲醇重结晶。PML得率为75.1%,纯度>99.5%。结论:AB-8树脂附性能良好,适合胆木中PML的分离纯化。     

Effects of stembark and leaf extracts of Bridelia ferruginea on skeletal muscle

The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and stembark of Bridelia ferruginea were separately investigated for their effects on skeletal muscle using the phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm muscle preparation from rats. The bark extract inhibited twitch tension induced by direct electrical stimulation (muscle) (MS) but not indirect electrical stimulation (nerve) (NS) of the diaphragm. It inhibited tetanus tension to both nerve (TNS) and muscle stimulation (TMS), had no effect on K⁺-induced contracture and reduced the minimal fusion frequency (MFF). The leaf extract had no effect on twitch tension to NS and MS or K⁺-induced contracture but increased tetanus tension to TNS or TMS as well as MFF. These findings suggest that the bark extract does not affect influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ but inhibits the intracellular mobilization of Ca²⁺. The leaf extract also had no effect on influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ but most likely facilitated the intracellular mobilization of Ca²⁺. Thus, the intracellular action of the bark extract is opposite to that of the leaf extract.     

Studies on anti-complementary activity of extracts and isolated flavones from Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia leaves (Oleaceae)

Polar fractions and flavones isolated from methanolic extracts of the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare and Phillyrea latifolia (Oleaceae), whose popular use as an anti-inflammatory is well-known in Mediterranean historical medicine and ethnobotany, showed significant in vitro complement inhibiting effect on the classical pathway of the complement system. Among the isolated flavonoidic structures, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, luteolin-4′-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and ligustroflavone presented remarkable activity.     

宽叶大戟全草化学成分研究

目的:对宽叶大戟全草的化学成分作进一步的分离和鉴定。方法:采用色谱分离技术进行分离纯化,通过波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从宽叶大戟全草中分离得到10个化合物,分别为:没食子酸(Ⅰ)、苯甲酸(Ⅱ)、丁香苷(Ⅲ)、正丁基-β-吡喃果糖苷(Ⅳ)、乙基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(Ⅴ)、(6S,9R)-6-羟基-3-酮-α-紫罗兰醇-9-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)、尿嘧啶(Ⅶ)、腺嘌呤(Ⅷ)、棕榈酸单甘油酸(Ⅸ)、棕榈酸(Ⅹ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ~Ⅹ均为首次从宽叶大戟全草中分离得到。     

胆木叶提取部位群的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:观察胆木叶提取部位群(ELN)的镇痛和抗炎作用。方法:取ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药物[三七伤药(0.39 g.kg-1)/阿司匹林(0.26 g.kg-1)]组、胆木浸膏片1.56 g.kg-1组、ELN(0.390,0.195,0.098 g.kg-1)组。每天1次,连续ig给药3 d。末次给药后1 h选用热板法、扭体法、二甲苯致耳肿胀、醋酸致腹腔炎症方法观察镇痛及抗炎作用;取SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、胆木浸膏片(0.78 g.kg-1)组、ELN(0.195,0.098,0.049 g.kg-1)组。每天1次,连续ig给药3 d。末次给药后1 h选用角叉菜胶诱导足肿胀方法观察抗炎作用。结果:ELN(主要指标性成分异长春花苷内酰胺含量16%左右)能显著延长小鼠的疼痛反应时间,明显减少小鼠的扭体次数;抑制醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高,减轻小鼠耳肿胀和大鼠足跖肿胀反应;能明显减少大鼠角叉菜胶性炎症渗出液中前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量。结论:ELN具有显著的镇痛和抗炎作用,其机制可能与抑制PGE2产生与释放有关。     

胆木叶和茎挥发性成分对比分析及其抗MRS活性的研究

目的 对比分析胆木叶和茎中的挥发性成分和抗菌活性.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取胆木叶和茎中的挥发性成分,用GC-MS技术进行成分对比分析,用滤纸片琼脂扩散法检测挥发性成分的抗菌活性.结果 鉴定了胆木叶中的14个化学成分和茎中的10个化学成分;挥发性成分具有抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRS)、大肠杆菌、普通金黄色葡萄球菌、普通变形杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的活性.结论 胆木叶和茎中的挥发性成分主要分别为烷酸46.30%和烯酸48.94%;在抗菌活性中,抗MRS的活性最强.     

草乌叶抗炎作用的研究

[目的]探讨草乌叶的抗炎作用.[方法]草乌叶用乙醇制成浸膏后分别用氯仿和正丁醇萃取,然后采用小鼠耳壳肿胀实验和棉球肉芽肿实验观察两种萃取物的抗炎作用.[结果]草乌叶正丁醇和氯仿萃取物分别以50、100、150/(kg·d)剂量灌胃,能明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀(P<0.01),抑制棉球所致小鼠肉芽肿形成(P<0.01或P<0.05).[结论]草乌叶正丁醇和氯仿萃取物均具有抗炎作用.     

丹参红花提取物对鼠心脏成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响

目的:探讨丹参红花提取物(DCE)对血管升压素(AVP)诱导的新生SD大鼠心脏成纤维细胞(CF)胶原合成作用的影响,为应用中成药防治高血压心肌纤维化提供理论依据.方法:运用3H-脯氨酸掺入法分别观察不同浓度和不同时间DCE对AVP诱导CF胶原合成的影响.结果:CF的3H-脯氨酸掺入率随着DCE干预浓度的增加而降低,其中100mg/L和200mg/L DCE组的3H-脯氨酸掺入率明显低于空白对照组,并具有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着DCE作用时间的延长,CF的3H-脯氨酸掺入率呈递减趋势,CF胶原合成功能与DCE作用时间呈明显的负相关.结论:DCE能够呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制AVP诱导的CF胶原合成功能,防治高血压心肌纤维化.     

香豆素类成分在球花石斛Dendrobium thyrsiflorum叶和根中的分布与动态变化

目的:探讨球花石斛Dendrobium thyrsiflorum不同生长发育时期叶和根中香豆素类(coumarins)成分的分布与动态变化,为充分利用药用石斛资源提供实验依据.方法:采集球花石斛营养生长期和生殖生长期的叶、根,利用激光共聚焦显微技术观察、分析其所含香豆素类成分.结果:球花石斛的叶除叶脉近上、下表皮处的维管束纤维群外,其他部位均有香豆素类成分的存在;球花石斛根的各部位均有香豆素类成分存在,尤其在皮层以内细胞的壁和壁内周.球花石斛叶、根的香豆素类成分的相对含量在生殖生长中的盛花期均高于营养生长期;在生殖生长进入始果期二者均几无香豆素类成分分布.结论:为充分利用药用植物,可从球花石斛的叶、根中提取香豆素类成分.     

Effects of Daniellia oliveri stem bark and leaf extracts on rat skeletal muscle.

The stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri were screened phytochemically and the effects of their respective methanol extracts on the skeletal muscle of rats were investigated using the isolated phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm muscle preparation. Both were found to contain tannins, cardiac and saponin glycosides. In addition, the bark, but not leaves, contained cyanogenetic glycosides. The methanol extracts were found to possess neuromuscular blocking properties. The leaf extract appeared to act primarily by inhibiting the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) principally by inhibiting K(+) channels. The inhibitory action of the bark extract appeared to be mediated by interference with transmitter release and an action on multiple sites.     

海南大叶冬青中2种活性成分的含量研究

目的建立同时测定海南大叶冬青叶中苦丁苷A、D含量的高效液相色谱法。方法色谱柱:Dikma Diamonsil C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:乙腈-水(36:64);流速:1.0mL.min-1;测定波长苦丁苷A为228nm,苦丁苷D为261nm,柱温40℃。结果线性范围苦丁苷A为0.190～5.80μg(r=0.9999);苦丁苷D为0.236～7.100μg(r=0.9999);平均回收率(n=6)分别为99.3%(RSD=1.6%)和99.2%(RSD=1.3%)。结论该法稳定,重现性好,操作简单,是测定大叶冬青中苦丁苷A和D的较理想方法。     

Effects of Ilex latifolia and Camellia sinensis on Cholesterol and Circulating Immune Complexes in Rats Fed with a High‐Cholesterol Diet

Hypercholesterolaemia is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Ilex latifolia or green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the levels of plasma total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and circulating immune complexes in Sprague Dawley rats fed with a high‐cholesterol diet. We demonstrated that daily administration by gavage of I. latifolia or C. sinensis at doses of 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg body weight for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol levels and circulating immune complexes and an increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in rats fed with a high‐cholesterol diet compared with levels in the high‐cholesterol diet control group. C. sinensis was more effective than I. latifolia. I. latifolia and C. sinensis could be used as food supplements to protect against the development of hypercholesterolaemia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of extracts of seed and leaf of Piper guineense on skeletal muscle activity in rat and frog

The pharmacological effects of leaf and seed extracts of Piper guineense were investigated on phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm activity following electrical stimulation in vitro. The Leaf and seed extracts (10 micrograms-1 mg/mL) and (50-800 micrograms/mL) respectively produced biphasic effects consisting of an initial enhancement followed by secondary transient or prolonged depression of twitch tension in response to electrical stimulation of both muscle and nerve. These effects were similar to that of decamethonium (2-800 mg/mL). An increased concentration of extracellular Ca2+ in vitro reversed the twitch contraction inhibited by the leaf and seed extracts in a dose related pattern following electrical stimulation. It is concluded that the leaf and seed extracts of Piper guineense possess among other pharmacological properties, a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking action.