Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during early neonatal period using transthoracic echocardiography

To examine the effects of ductal closure on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function during the early neonatal periods, 45 normal term neonates delivered after uncomplicated pregnancies (mean 39 weeks) were studied using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. We measured ductus arteriosus size, arterial blood pressures, ascending aortic size, LV dimensions, and transmitral flow velocity patterns and calculated LV output and rate-corrected fiber shortening fraction (mVcfc) at 2, 12, 24, and 120 hours after birth. The inner diameter of the ductus arteriosus was 4.3 +/- 0.7mm at 2 hours, 2.1 +/- 0.6 mm at 12 hours, and had closed in 42 of 45 neonates at 24 hours. LV output and LV end-diastolic dimension showed the highest level at 2 hours of age. However, the mVcfc did not change from 2 to 120 hours of age. The peak velocity during early diastole (peak E) was significantly greater at 2 hours than at 12 hours. The peak velocity during atrial contraction (peak A) remained unchanged during this period. The normalized peak filling rate at isovolumic relaxation time did not change over 120 hours. The present study demonstrated changes in LV systolic function and LV diastolic filling during the early neonatal period. LV systolic and diastolic function was preserved under the hemodynamic changes associated with the early neonatal period.     

多普勒组织成像鉴别陈旧性心肌梗死患者舒张功能假性正常

目的 探讨应用多普勒组织成像（DTI）检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度可否鉴别陈旧性心肌梗死（OMI）患者舒张功能假性正常。 方法 OMI舒张功能假性正常患者68例，正常对照组50例，应用脉冲多普勒（PWD）分别测量二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速（E）、舒张晚期峰值流速（A）、E／A、E峰减速时间（DT）、左室等容舒张时间（IRT）、肺静脉收缩波（S）、舒张波（D）、S／D及心房收缩波（Ar）；转换DTI速度模式，测量左室侧壁缘二尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰值速度（Ea）、舒张晚期运动峰值速度（Aa）并计算Ea／Aa。 结果 OMI舒张功能假性正常患者与正常人的年龄和血流频谱E、A、E／A、IRT、D、S／D及二尖瓣环Aa测值比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05），DT缩短和S波降低具有显著性差异（P〈0．05），肺静脉血流Ar较正常人升高，而二尖瓣环Ea及Ea／Aa较比正常人明显减低，具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。 结论 DTI检测二尖瓣环Ea及Ea／Aa比值可鉴别OMI患者舒张功能假性正常。     

多普勒组织成像鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常

目的　探讨应用多普勒组织成像 (DTI)二尖瓣环舒张速度鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常。方法　在正常人与肥厚型心肌病患者中应用脉冲多普勒技术分别测量二尖瓣口舒张早期峰值速率 (E)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (A) ,肺静脉收缩波 (S)、舒张波 (D)及心房收缩波 (Ar)。转换DTI速度模式 ,测量二尖瓣环各点舒张早期峰值速率 (Ea)、舒张晚期峰值速率 (Aa)并计算Ea/Aa。结果　肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常患者与正常人二尖瓣E、A、E/A差异无显著性意义 (均 P >0 .0 5 ) ,肺静脉S、S/D、Ar差异有显著性意义 (均 P <0 .0 1) ,二尖瓣环Ea及Ea/Aa差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,Aa差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　多普勒组织成像二尖瓣环Ea及Ea/Aa可鉴别肥厚型心肌病舒张功能假性正常     

冠脉循环对左室舒张功能影响的研究

探讨心肌肥厚患者冠脉血流与左室舒张功能障碍各项指标的相关关系。方法采用经胸和经食管超声心动图技术,测量３０例心肌肥厚患者和１０例正常人冠状窦、二尖瓣及肺静脉血流频谱。结果与正常人相比,收肌肥厚患者冠状窦直径、前向血流和净前向血流流速积分明显增加,并且冠状窦前向血流和ＶＴＩｎｅｔ与左室舒张功能障碍的多项指标存在相关关系。     

Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function from mitral annulus motion,a comparison with pulsed Doppler measurements in patients with heart failure

Summary. Mitral and pulmonary venous flow velocity recordings are often used for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. These curves are, however, also influenced by other factors. To investigate whether mitral annulus motion carries additional information in this context, mitral annulus motion was compared to Doppler registrations of mitral and pulmonary flow velocities in 38 patients with heart failure (NYHA II—III) after myocardial infarction. Patients with an increased atrial contribution to mitral annulus motion (> 57%, n= 12) had a higher mitral late-to-early flow velocity ratio (A/E) and pulmonary systolic to diastolic filling ratio (<0–01). Patients with atrial displacement above average for the group (? 5.1 mm, n= 19) had a higher mitral AVE ratio and pulmonary systolic to diastolic filling ratio than patients with a lower than average atrial component (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between a/T ratio and A/E ratio (r= 0.61, P < 0.001) and between pulmonary flow and transmitral flow (= 0.76, P < 0.001). We conclude that an increased atrial displacement of the mitral annulus is a frequent finding in patients with signs of left ventricular relaxation abnormality. There is a significant correlation between a/T ratio and A/E ratio but the information contained in the two indices are not identical.     

Diagnosis of left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure

AIM: To specify effectiveness of different methods for assessment of diastolic function in patients with pre-dialysis chronic renal failure (CRF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty non-diabetic pre-dialysis CRF patients (20 males and 20 females, mean age 51 +/- 11 years) were studied. Serum creatinine was 209.3 +/- 117.4 mcmol/l. 19 patients had chronic heart failure (CHF) of NYHA class I-III. M-mode echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography were performed. Transmitral and pulmonary venous flows were assessed by Doppler echocardiography and the flow propagation velocity (Vp) was estimated by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography. The ratio of peak E-wave velocity of transmitral flow to Vp (E/Vp) was calculated. All the patients had preserved systolic function (ejection fraction > 45%). RESULTS: Interpretation of transmitral flow was difficult in 16 (40.0%) patients. During Valsalva's manoeuvre the E-wave peak velocities, the A-wave velocities and the ratio E/A were decreasing. However, we did not reveal any correlation between E/A and NYHA class of heart failure (r = 0.18; p = 0.32). Interpretation of pulmonary venous flow was possible only in 24 (60.0%) patients. Vp estimation by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography improved evaluation of diastolic function in 15 of 16 patients with problems of transmitral flow assessment. A negative correlation was revealed between NYHA class and Vp (r = -0.39; p = 0.013) and a positive correlation was between NYHA class and E/Vp (r = 0.45; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Vp assessed by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography improves the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. This method has an advantage over pulmonary venous flow investigation. The Valsalva's manoeuvre is low-effective for differential diagnosis of transmitral flow types.     

Left atrial function in congestive heart failure: assessment by transmitral and pulmonary vein Doppler

The relation of transmitral flow patterns and pulmonary venous velocities was analyzed from 50 heart failure patients (28 men, 22 women; mean [±SD] age 61 ± 9 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%. Doppler echocardiography was performed in all patients. Transmitral flow measurements included early (E) and atrial (A) velocities and deceleration time of E wave (DT). Patients were assigned to two groups according to E/A ratio, DT, or both: 20 patients in the restrictive group, and 30 patients in the nonrestrictive group. Pulmonary venous flow was obtained by the transthoracic approach. Systolic (S), diastolic (D) and atrial reversal (Ar) velocities were measured. Of the study population, 13 patients had simultaneously determined pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).The results showed a lower S (28 ± 11 vs. 51 ± 10 cm/sec, p < 0.01), a higher D (66 ± 13 vs. 44 ± 10 cm/sec, p < 0.01) and a smaller Ar (12 ± 10 vs. 24 ± 9 cm/sec, p < 0.01) in the restrictive group compared with those in nonrestrictive group. In the subgroup of patients undergoing invasive hemodynamic studies, there was no relationship between PCWP and atrial reversal velocity. However, a significant correlation was observed for pulmonary systolic (r = -0.70, p < 0.01) and diastolic (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) velocities to PCWP. These findings suggest a reduction in left atrial compliance and atrial systolic function and both play important roles in heart failure patients with the restrictive transmitral flow pattern.     

Coronary artery blood flow velocities in various fetal conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine fetal coronary artery peak blood flow velocities in normal and high-risk pregnancies. METHODS: Coronary artery peak systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities were measured by pulsed-wave Doppler velocimetry after identification of the coronary arteries by color Doppler imaging. Peak blood velocities obtained from normal pregnancies were related to gestational age using linear regression analysis. Blood flow velocities in normal fetuses were compared to measurements obtained in various fetal conditions. RESULTS: In normal fetuses coronary artery blood flow was visualized at a median gestational age of 33 + 6 weeks; median systolic and diastolic peak blood flow velocities were 0.21 and 0.43 m/s, respectively, and showed no significant change with gestational age. In growth-restricted fetuses coronary artery blood flow was visualized significantly earlier in gestation (median 28 + 2 weeks); systolic and diastolic peak blood flow velocities were higher at 0.25 and 0.48 m/s, respectively (P < 0.05). The highest coronary blood flow velocities were observed with fetal anemia. Coronary artery blood flow was also measured in fetuses with ductus arteriosus constriction due to indomethacin. Velocities did not differ from normal fetuses. Both in fetal anemia and ductus arteriosus constriction coronary artery blood flow could no longer be visualized with resolution of the underlying condition. CONCLUSION: Examination of coronary artery blood flow dynamics in the human fetus demonstrates acute increases in diastolic velocities in severe anemia and ductus arteriosus constriction based on the severity of the condition. In fetuses with growth restriction increased coronary blood flow velocities can be appreciated throughout the cardiac cycle. Clinical correlation in the interpretation of coronary blood flow dynamics in the human fetus is essential.     

Doppler in non-immune hydrops fetalis.

Fetal ultrasound studies were performed on 24 fetuses with non-immune hydrops to evaluate echocardiographic and cardiovascular Doppler parameters that may be useful in assessing hemodynamics and in predicting outcome. Of all cardiovascular parameters analyzed, only the presence of abnormal pulsations in the umbilical vein (p < 0.001) was found to be significantly different between the 11 survivors and 13 non-survivors. In a smaller subset of 12 fetuses, in whom inferior vena caval waveforms were recorded, survivors (n = 6) had a significantly lower percentage of retrograde flow in the inferior vena cava (p < 0.001) and higher inferior vena caval E/V velocity ratio (p < 0.001) than non-survivors (n = 6). Sixteen of the 24 cases examined had abnormal umbilical venous pulsations; 12 of the 16 (75%) died including all fetuses with hydrops due to twin-to-twin transfusion or congenital heart disease. When fetuses with pulsatile flow in the umbilical vein were compared with fetuses with normal umbilical venous flow, the following significant differences were found: lower right and left ventricular output velocities, larger inferior vena caval diameter, decreased shortening fractions of the right and left ventricles, and lower peak velocities at the aortic and pulmonary valves and in the ductus arteriosus.     

二维和多普勒超声心动图对动脉导管未闭肺循环量、肺动脉压及肺阻力的定量研究

本文联合应用二维、脉冲式和连续式多普勒技术测定了15例动脉导管未闭患儿的主动脉体积血流、动脉导管两侧收缩期最大压力阶差、舒张末期压力阶差和平均压力阶差,并同时用袖带法测量肱动脉压,由此分别计算肺循环量、肺动脉收缩压、舒张压和平均压及肺总阻力,与心导管术测值比较相关性良好(相关系数r=0.87～0.94)。提出并证实了应用二维/多普勒超声心动图可对动脉导管未闭的肺循环血流动力学改变作出系统的定量诊断。     

Umbilical artery and ductal blood flow velocities in patients treated with aspirin and prednisone for presence of anticardiolipin antibody

Fifteen patients with previous pregnancy losses and positive plasma anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) were treated with prednisone (15 mg/day) and aspirin (80 mg/day). We measured Doppler velocimetries of umbilical artery and ductus arteriosus at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks starting from 20 weeks of gestation until delivery. Umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratios (S/D) and maximum systolic velocities of ductus arteriosus did not differ from normal values. There were no poor outcomes in the treated group. ACA positive patients with previous poor pregnancy outcome when treated with prednisone and aspirin have umbilical artery and ductal flow velocities similar to those of the normal population.     

Reference ranges for fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow parameters.

This cross-sectional study establishes reference ranges with gestation for Doppler parameters of fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow. Color flow Doppler was used to examine 143 normal singleton pregnancies at 20-40 weeks' gestation. Flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the ductus venosus, right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. The waveforms are triphasic, reflecting ventricular systole, early diastole and atrial contraction. Peak velocities for these parameters were measured with pulsed Doppler and a new index, the peak velocity index for veins (PVIV), was calculated. Similarly, time-averaged maximum velocities for the whole cardiac cycle were measured and the pulsatility index for veins (PIV) was calculated. Flow velocity waveforms were also recorded at the level of the atrioventricular valves and the ratios of peak velocities at early diastolic filling (E) and atrial contraction (A) were calculated. Regression analysis was used to define the association of each measured and calculated Doppler parameter with gestational age. Blood flow velocities in the fetal veins and velocities and E/A ratios across the atrioventricular valves increased significantly with gestation, whereas PVIV and PIV decreased. Blood flow velocities were highest in the ductus venosus and lowest in the right hepatic vein, and PVIV and PIV were highest in the hepatic vein and lowest in the ductus venosus. In the ductus venosus, there was always forward flow throughout the heart cycle, whereas in the inferior vena cava and hepatic vein during atrial contraction, flow was away from or towards the heart or there was no flow. Pulsatility of flow velocity waveforms in the venous system is the consequence of changes in pressure difference between the venous system and the heart during the heart cycle. The finding that PVIV and PIV decrease with gestation is consistent with decreasing cardiac afterload and maturation of diastolic ventricular function.     

Effects of prophylactic ibuprofen on cerebral and renal hemodynamics in very preterm neonates

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on cerebral and renal blood flow velocities of ibuprofen when used as prophylaxis for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates (gestational age <30 weeks). METHODS: Blood flow velocities in the anterior cerebral artery and the renal artery were measured with Doppler ultrasonography in 17 neonates before, during, and 10, 30, and 60 minutes after administration of 10 mg/kg ibuprofen lysine. RESULTS: In four (23.6%) neonates without echocardiographic patency of the ductus, no significant modifications in blood flow velocities and Doppler indexes were found either in the anterior cerebral artery or in the renal artery. In 13 (76.4%) neonates, cardiac echocardiographic Doppler showed patency of the ductus and left-to-right shunt. In these neonates diastolic and mean blood velocities rapidly increased both in the anterior cerebral artery and the renal artery (P < .0001). Resistance and pulsatility index decreased during the study period (P < .0001 and P < .001, respectively, in the anterior cerebral artery; P < .0001 in the renal artery). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that ibuprofen does not determine any direct effect on cerebral and renal blood flow velocities; hemodynamic modifications observed in neonates with patency of ductus can be related to closure of the ductus induced by the drug.     

健康人左室质量与舒张功能的关系

目的：探讨健康人左室质量与左室舒张功能的关系。方法：随机选取健康教师320名，行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查，结果：相关分析显示：伴随左室质量的增加E波的峰值速度下降，A波的峰值增加，二者比值下降，等容松驰时间延长，肺静脉收缩波峰值与舒峰值之比增加，但多元回归显示年龄增长、心率加快、体重指数大、血压高和男性是舒张功能减退的独立因素，左室质量指数进入多元回归方程，结论：决定健康人左室舒张功能的因素是年龄、心率、体重指数，血压和性别而不是左室质量。     

Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in the intensive care unit

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Doppler transmitral and pulmonary venous flow pattern is related to left ventricular filling pressures in critically ill patients. DESIGN: Prospective clinical investigation. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-four mechanically ventilated patients (age, 63 +/- 16 yrs) were investigated via transthoracic echocardiography and Doppler. Main diagnoses were pneumonia (31%), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24%), congestive heart failure (11%), and poisoning (11%). INTERVENTIONS: Doppler examinations were performed simultaneously with measurements of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure via a right heart catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure correlated with transmitral peak E-wave velocity (r =.46) and E/A ratio (r =.55). Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure inversely correlated with deceleration time of the transmitral E-wave (r = -.52), pulmonary venous peak S-wave velocity (r = -.37), and systolic fraction of the pulmonary forward flow (r = -.56). An E/A ratio >2 predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >18 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 100%. A duration of pulmonary venous A-wave reversal flow exceeding the duration of the transmitral A-wave forward flow predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >15 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 83%. A systolic fraction of the pulmonary venous forward flow <0.4 predicted a pulmonary artery occlusion pressure >12 mm Hg with a positive predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSION: Transmitral and pulmonary venous flow patterns measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography can be used to estimate the left ventricular filling pressure in critically ill patients.     

Quantification of Left to Right Shunt in Patent Ductus Arteriosus by Color Doppler

Ultrasound is a reliable tool to diagnose patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants but no reliable noninvasive method exists to quantify ductal flow. The aim of this study was to quantify the size of the shunt via persistent ductus arteriosus from pixel counts in color Doppler flow images. A cotton band was placed around the ductus arteriosus of newborn lambs to adjust the magnitude of flow. For flow measurements, ultrasonic transit time flow probes were applied around the ascending aorta and ductus arteriosus. Twenty-four different flow states were attained in four newborn lambs. An Acuson Sequoia scanner equipped with a 7 MHz transducer was used to register Doppler data and images with maximal color distribution during diastole in the pulmonary artery longitudinal sections (PALS). Each image-pixel was matched with the color velocity bar and the pixels were assigned to the corresponding flow velocity. The total area showing color relative to the area of the PALS correlated well with the amount of ductal flow (r = 0.87, r² = 0.75, p < 0.001). When Qp/Qs was >1.4:1, more than 40% of the area in PALS in diastole exhibited color information. Similarly, the color pixel velocities squared correlated with the size of the shunt. Quantification of the percentage of pixels in a color Doppler registration via a computer-based analysis shows a high correlation with the size of ductal shunting. (E-mail: solweig.harling@med.lu.se)     

超声心动图对糖尿病孕妇胎儿肺静脉血流频谱的动态研究

目的对糖尿病孕妇胎儿肺静脉血流频谱进行动态观察,并与正常胎儿比较,为糖尿病孕妇胎儿左心室舒张功能评价提供客观依据。方法分别在妊娠20～28周、32～38周,应用胎儿超声心动图观察34例糖尿病孕妇和54例正常孕妇的胎儿心脏结构。探测胎儿肺静脉、二尖瓣血流,测量肺静脉S波(收缩期峰值速度)、D波(舒张期峰值速度)、A谷(心房收缩波速度),二尖瓣E峰速度、A峰速度,并计算肺静脉S/D值及二尖瓣E/A值。结果无论在中孕期或晚孕期,研究组肺静脉血流频谱S/D值、A谷速度与正常对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),而常规采用的二尖瓣血流E/A值两组间差别无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论糖尿病孕妇胎儿左室舒张功能在中孕期及晚孕期均已发生改变;胎儿肺静脉血流频谱S/D值、A谷速度较二尖瓣血流E/A值能更敏感地反映胎儿左室舒张功能的变化。     

Comparison of pulmonary venous flow velocities and left ventricular diastolic and ejection time in patients with moderate mitral and aortic stenosis. Pulmonary venous flow velocities in mitral and aortic stenosis

Background: Doppler pulmonary venous flow velocities (PVFV) pattern are useful parameters in assessing the left ventricular diastolic functions. Both mitral stenosis (MS) and aortic stenosis (AS) lead to diastolic dysfunction. We compared PVFV and left ventricular diastolic and ejection time (ET) in patients with moderate MS and AS. Methods: Forty-three patients with moderate MS (group 1), 65 patients with moderate AS (group 2), and 33 healthy subjects as controls (group 3) were included in this study. After obtaining standard measurements echocardiographically, diastolic period (DP), ET, the ratio of the DP to the ET (DP/ET), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), peak systolic flow velocity (PS), peak antegrade diastolic flow velocity (PD), peak reversal flow velocity at atrial contraction (PRA), the ratio of the peak systolic to the diastolic flow velocity (PS/PD), deceleration time of the antegrade diastolic flow (PDDT), and pressure half time of the peak antegrade diastolic flow velocity (PDPHT) were measured. Mitral valve area (MVA), aortic valve area (AVA), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), peak and mean gradients were calculated with standard formulas. Results: In univariate analysis, MVA was correlated with PDPHT and PDDT (r = –0.41; p < 0.01, r = –0.36; p < 0.05, respectively), also it was correlated with DP/ET (r = –0.57; p < 0.001). Mitral peak and mean diastolic gradient were correlated with PS/PD (r = –0.43; p < 0.01, r = –0.36; p < 0.05, respectively) and DP/ET (r = 0.51; p < 0.01, r = 0.46; p < 0.01, respectively). AVA was only correlated with DP/ET (r = 0.38; p < 0.05). Aortic peak and mean systolic gradient were correlated with PS/PD (r = –0.29; p < 0.05, r = –0.27; p < 0.05, respectively) and DP/ET (r = –0.38; p < 0.01, r = –0.40; p < 0.01, respectively). In the same analysis, PAP in patients in group 1 and 2 was correlated with PS/PD (r = –0.42; p < 0.01 and r = –0.40; p < 0.01, respectively) and also it was correlated with PD (r = 0.37; p < 0.05 and r = 0.27; p < 0.05, respectively) in both groups. Conclusion: Moderate MS and AS similarly affect the PVFV, and PS/PD correlates with hemodynamics similarly both in MS and AS. Nevertheless, PDDT and PDPHT correlate with solely MVA. IRT higher in AS than MS, though DP/ET and ICT higher in MS than AS, and DP/ET relates with the severity of both MS and AS.     

先天性心脏病所致肺动脉高压患者肝中静脉血流频谱变化特征

目的分析先天性心脏病所致肺动脉高压（PH）患者肝中静脉多普勒血流频谱变化规律,寻找超声无创评价肺动脉高压的新指标。 方法收集第四军医大学唐都医院及沈阳军区总医院2012年1月至2013年6月来院诊治的房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭等拟行封堵术的先天性心脏病患者80例,经右心导管测量肺动脉压力,按照不同肺动脉压力分为健康对照组、轻度PH组、中度PH组、重度PH组,采用超声检测肝中静脉血流频谱,测量心房收缩期离心波峰值血流速度（AR）、收缩期回心波峰值血流速度（S）、舒张期回心波峰值血流速度（D）和速度时间积分（VTI）。 结果健康对照组28例、轻度PH组9例、中度PH组10例、重度PH组22例,各组组间收缩期离心波血流速度时间积分（ARVTI）、收缩期回心波血流速度时间积分（SVTI）、舒张期回心波血流速度时间积分（DVTI）、AR、AR/S、ARVTI/SVTI、AR/（S＋D）、ARVTI/（SVTI＋DVTI）的差异具有统计学意义（F=2.940、2.838、3.373、7.681、3.478、12.052、4.806,P<0.05、<0.05、<0.05、<0.01、<0.05、<0.01、<0.01）。相关分析结果显示AR/（S＋D）比值与肺动脉平均压具有正相关关系（r=0.575,P<0.01）。 结论先天性心脏病患者肝中静脉频谱参数中AR/（S＋D）比值随肺动脉压力的升高而增大,具有相关性。肝中静脉血流频谱的超声探测对肺动脉高压的诊断具有一定参考价值,AR/（S＋D）比值可作为无创评价肺动脉高压的新指标。     

急性心肌梗死后左室舒张功能的超声心动图评价

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声心动图对发生急性心肌梗死（AMI）的患者左室舒张功能进行观察。方法　于心尖四腔切面检测舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱获得左室舒张早期最大流速（E）、左室舒张晚期最大流速（A）、E／A、E峰减速时间（DT）值;检测肺静脉血流频谱（PVFP）获得收缩期脉静脉血流频谱最大速度（S）、舒张早期脉静脉血流频谱最大速度（D）、S／D、舒张晚期肺静脉逆向血流的最大速度（Ar）值;测定主动脉瓣血流频谱结束到二尖瓣血流频谱开始之间的时间,即左室等容舒张时间（IRT）,将病例组所测值与正常对照组进行比较。结果 47例病例与46例正常对照组比较,病例组中有27例二尖瓣血流频谱E／A〈1,DT,左室等容舒张时间（IRT）值增高,肺静脉血流频谱的S值显著增高,D值降低,S／D值显著增高;有13例二尖瓣血流频谱2≥E／A〉1,肺静脉血流频谱S／D值显著降低,余各值差异无显著性;有7例二尖瓣血流频谱E／A〉2,DT,IRT值减低,肺静脉血流频谱S值显著减低,S／D值显著减低。结论 彩色多普勒超声心动图二尖瓣血流频谱及肺静脉血流频谱可以对AMI后左室舒张功能进行较准确的评价。