动态监测1型及2型糖尿病患者血糖漂移变化

目的 通过动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)监测1型及2型糖尿病患者的血糖漂移变化,并分别探讨糖化血红蛋白及C肽水平与血糖漂移参数的关系.方法 对30例1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者、50例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者以及30例糖调节正常(NGR)者进行连续72 h动态血糖监测,分析其血糖谱参数,包括日内平均血糖水平(24h MBG)及标准差(SDBG)、三餐前后平均血糖水平、日内最大血糖漂移幅度(LAGE)、日内平均血糖漂移幅度(MAGE)及漂移次数(NGE)、不同血糖水平所占日内时间百分比(PT)及日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD).结果 ①T1DM组和T2DM组的24 h MBG及三餐前后平均血糖明显高于NGR组(P＜0.05).②在昼夜24 h中,T1DM组处于理想血糖控制水平(＞4.4且＜8.0 mmol/L)所占日内时间百分比为(27.03±15.71)％,T2DM组为(37.77±25.40)％,均明显少于NGR组(89.20±10.34)％,P＜0.05.③与NGR组相比,T1DM组及T2DM组日内血糖漂移参数(SDBG、LAGE、MAGE、晚餐PPGE)及日间血糖漂移参数(MODD)显著升高(P＜0.05),且多数指标T1DM组显著高于T2DM组(P＜0.05).④T1DM组及T2DM组的HbAlc与日内及日间血糖漂移参数无明显相关,而其空腹C肽、餐后1h及2hC肽均与LAGE、SDBG、MODD呈负相关(P＜0.05),且T1DM组相关程度多高于T2DM组.结论 糖尿病患者存在慢性持续性高血糖及血糖漂移增加,在血糖漂移方面,T1DM较T2DM更显著.胰岛功能与血糖漂移密切相关.日内及日间血糖漂移参数是全面而精细反映血糖全方位变化的重要指标.     

北京某社区2型糖尿病患者血糖控制情况与肱踝脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的：：探讨2型糖尿病( type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者血糖控制与肱踝脉搏波传导速度( brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, baPWV)的关系。方法：采用横断面研究设计,对北京市某社区40岁及以上的T2DM患者及非患者进行问卷调查、体格检查、糖化血红蛋白( glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c)及血脂等实验室指标检测、baPWV测量。根据HbA1c结果将患者分为血糖控制良好组和血糖控制不良组,分析血糖控制情况与baPWV之间的相关性。结果：共纳入1341名研究对象,包括733名T2DM患者及608名非患者。与非患者相比,T2DM患者中baPWV异常(baPWV≥1700 cm/s)率较高(40.8% vs.26.8%, P<0.001)。分别以HbA1c<6.5%和HbA1c<7.0%为血糖控制目标时,非患者、血糖控制良好的T2DM患者组、血糖控制不良的T2DM患者组之间的baPWV异常率差异有统计学意义(non-diabetes vs. HbA1c<6.5% T2DM vs. HbA1c≥6.5% T2DM：26.8% vs.32.8% vs.42.6%,P<0.001;non-diabetes vs. HbA1c<7.0% T2DM vs. HbA1c≥7.0% T2DM：26.8% vs.36.0% vs.43.4%,P<0.001)。控制性别、年龄、吸烟、糖尿病家族史、2型糖尿病病程、心血管疾病史、腰臀比、收缩压、舒张压、总甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等因素后进行多重Logistic回归分析,结果显示与非糖尿病人群相比,HbA1c<6.5%的糖尿病患者baPWV异常的OR值为0.927(95%CI 0.560~1.537),HbA1c≥6.5%的糖尿病患者baPWV异常的OR值为1.826(95%CI 1.287~2.591);与非糖尿病人群相比,HbA1c<7.0%的糖尿病患者OR值为1.210(95%CI 0.808~1.811),HbA1c≥7.0%的糖尿病患者baPWV异常的OR值为1.898(95%CI 1.313~2.745)。结论：社区2型糖尿病患者血糖控制情况与baPWV间存在显著的关联关系,血糖控制不良是baPWV异常的危险因素,良好控制血糖可能能够降低糖尿病患者发生心血管疾病的风险。     

2型糖尿病患者血清CA19-9水平分析及影响因素研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清CA19-9水平的变化及相关影响因素。方法:选取T2DM患者100例,根据糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)含量分为T2DM血糖控制不良组(HbA1C≥7%,49例)和T2DM血糖控制良好组(HbA1C<7%,51例),选取健康体检者50例为对照组。对比分析3组血清CA19-9水平的差异,并对血清CA19-9水平的影响因素进行相关分析。结果:T2DM血糖控制不良组血清CA19-9水平明显高于T2DM血糖控制良好组和对照组(P<0.05);T2DM血糖控制良好组血清CA19-9水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。CA19-9水平与HbA1C呈正相关(r=0.321 5,P<0.05)。结论:T2DM患者血清CA19-9水平高于正常人,且与血糖控制水平相关。     

上海市1671例2型糖尿病患者社区管理的效果评价

目的 评价上海市2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者社区管理下的血糖控制效果.方法 随机抽取上海市6个社区卫生服务中心纳入上海市T2DM管理的1 671例T2DM患者进行问卷调查,将调查对象分为管理1组(血糖控制不佳组,n=725)和管理2组(血糖控制良好组,n=946).建立多因素Logistic回归模型分析两组中空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后2 h血糖(PBG)的影响因素.结果 管理1组中T2DM患者FBG和PBG的平均浓度为(8.62±2.93)mmol/L和(11.51±3.95)mmol/L,管理2组中分别为(6.77±2.24)mmol/L和(9.22±2.88)mmol/L,两组与参考标准(FBG为7 mmol/L,PBG为10 mmol/L)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001).Logistic回归分析表明:除病程外,管理1组FBG或PBG控制水平的影响因素为健康教育频率、制定运动方案、根据血糖调整饮食和运动;管理2组FBG或PBG控制水平的影响因素为社区医院转诊和执行饮食方案.结论 T2DM患者社区管理使患者血糖水平得到了一定程度的控制,社区卫生服务机构需重点加强对T2DM患者饮食、运动的干预和指导,加强对血糖控制较差患者的随访管理.     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者颈动脉狭窄的筛查价值

目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)患者颈动脉狭窄的筛查价值.方法 收集2015年9月至2017年8月四川大学华西医院健康管理中心抽查的500例CHD患者的临床资料,按是否合并T2DM,分为T2DM组与非T2DM组,所有患者入院后均完成颈动脉超声检查,分析 T2DM合并 CHD与单纯 CHD患者颈动脉狭窄特征,并分析血糖及炎症指标与患者颈动脉狭窄发生的相关性.结果 1)T2DM组血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高敏 C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平均高于非 T2DM 组(P<0.05);2)T2DM组左右侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)值均高于非 T2DM组,其轻度狭窄所占比例低于非 T2DM组,中度狭窄、重度狭窄及斑块形成所占比例高于非 T2DM组(P<0.05);3)T2DM合并 CHD 患者 IMT、HbA1c均与 IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP表达呈正相关,其空腹血糖(FPG)与 IL-6呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 T2DM 合并CHD患者常伴颈动脉狭窄,且其颈动脉狭窄与血糖、炎症指标的变化存在明显相关性,T2DM合并 CHD患者颈动脉狭窄的筛查可作为判定冠状动脉狭窄程度的依据.     

2型糖尿病患者血清缺氧诱导因子-1α与颈动脉粥样斑块的相关性

目的 观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的变化,探讨其与动脉粥样硬化性大血管病变的关系.方法 选择32例T2DM合并颈动脉斑块患者(T2DM+ CP组),24例单纯T2DM患者(T2DM组),24名健康体检者(正常对照组),采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定血清HIF-1α浓度.结果 T2DM+ CP组和T2DM组HIF-1α水平均显著高于正常对照组(均P＜0.01),T2DM+ CP组HIF-1α水平明显高于T2DM组(P＜0.05).血清HIF-1α水平与空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白C(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)成明显正相关(均P＜0.05).多元线性逐步回归分析表明,HbA1c是血清HIF-1 α水平的独立影响因素.结论 T2DM患者体内高水平的血清HIF-1α与血糖、胰岛素抵抗有关,在大血管并发症的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用.     

2型糖尿病患者抑郁情绪对血糖控制的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者抑郁情绪对血糖控制的影响.方法 应用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估抑郁情况,276例T2DM患者分为SDS≥53分(A组)、SDS＜53分(B组).比较两组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等,分析T2DM患者血糖控制的影响因素.结果 T2DM患者SDS标准分与HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.26,P＜0.05).多元回归分析显示T2DM患者SDS标准分与HbA1c仍相关(β=0.30,t=5.1,P＜0.05).A组HbA1c水平高于B组(t=3.685,P＜0.05);当校正性别、年龄、受教育程度等因素后,A组HbA1c仍高于B组(F=47.8,P＜0.05).结论 抑郁情绪不利于T2DM患者血糖控制.     

2型糖尿病患者HbA1c水平与心房颤动的关系

目的 2型糖尿病(T2DM)是心房颤动(AF)的独立危险因素,本研究探讨T2DM患者血糖控制程度与房颤的关系.方法 稳定性冠心病(CAD)患者,除外心功能Ⅳ级的T2DM患者,排除既往有AF病史或入院心电图(ECG)显示有房颤、房扑的患者,590例患者作为T2DM组;对照组为排除2型糖尿病和糖耐量异常的CAD患者共300例.记录所有患者的基线资料,分析其1年内各组患者AF的发生率.结果 各组患者基线资料存在差异,年龄、男性、入院心率、吸烟史、体重指数在T2DM组中较对照高,在高HbA1c组中更高;1年内新发AF的发生率同样在高HbA1c组中最高,在非T2DM组中最低,多因素回归分析显示,作为连续变量HbA1c是AF发生的独立危险因素,作为分类变量时HbA1c水平同样是AF发生的独立危险因素.结论 T2DM患者AF发生风险增加,血糖水平控制不良的T2DM患者AF风险进一步增加.     

老年2型糖尿病与轻度认知功能障碍的关系研究

目的 探讨轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的影响因素并分析可能影响2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者认知功能的危险因素.方法 选取T2DM患者140例和非T2DM患者102例,将其分为MCI组(126例)与认知功能正常组(NC组,116例).对影响认知功能的因素进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析.140例T2DM患者中,合并MCI者94例,认知功能正常者46例,对T2DM认知功能的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 (1)患有糖尿病、收缩压增高是MCI的危险因素,而文化程度高是MCI的保护因素.(2)血糖控制情况[以糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)表示]、微血管积分是T2DM患者MCI的危险因素,文化程度高是T2DM患者MCI的保护因素(P＜0.05).结论 (1)控制血糖和血压有利于改善老年人的认知功能.(2)T2DM是影响MCI发生、发展的重要危险因素.     

2型糖尿病治疗效果与心肌梗死的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)的治疗效果与其发生心肌梗死(MI)的关系.方法 对1296例T2DM进行1～17年随访,根据血糖的控制情况进行分组(理想组486例、良好组712例、差组98例),采用Kaplan-Meier方法分析3组的MI累计发生率.应用Cox回归分析判别T2DM并发MI的危险因素.结果 1 296例患者MI累计发生率为11.65%,3组MI累计发生率分别为A组2.7%,B组10.1%,C组67.3%,3组间有显著性差异(P<0.01),Cox回归分析显示血糖、血脂、血压控制情况以及年龄是T2DM并发MI主要危险因素,其95%可信限的相对危险度分别为3.94～6.79、1.35～1.89、1.26～1.75、1.01～1.04.结论 T2DM的MI累计发生率与治疗效果有关,控制血糖、血脂、血压在理想范围是预防T2DM并发MI的关键.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.