切开复位钢板内固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型跟骨骨折

目的探讨切开复位钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折的手术疗效。方法 24例(27足)跟骨骨折患者,按Sanders分型,Ⅱ型8足,Ⅲ型19足。均行手术切开复位固定、自体髂骨植骨术。结果本组患者术后随访6～20个月,无骨折延迟愈合或不愈合,按Maryland足部评分系统评价,全组优良率为95%,其中SandersⅡ型优良率为97%,SandersⅢ型优良率为93%。结论手术切开复位固定加植骨是治疗跟骨骨折的有效方法。     

跟骨关节内骨折不同内固定方式疗效比较

目的：总结跟骨关节内骨折的治疗经验，探讨切开复位内固定方式的选择及植骨方法。方法：跟骨关节内骨折82例94足，男50例57足，女32例37足，其中双足跟骨骨折12例。根据CT采用Sanders分类法，SandersⅠ型8足，Ⅱ型34足，Ⅲ型36足，Ⅳ型16足。其中Ⅱ型：钢针固定组16足，其中植骨组9足，未植骨组7足；钢板固定组12足，其中植骨组8足，未植骨组4足；撬拨复位6足。Ⅲ型：钢针固定组12足，其中植骨组8足，未植骨组4足；钢板固定组17足，其中植骨组11足，未植骨组6足；撬拨复位7足。采用Maryland足部评分系统评分。结果：随访时间1—28个月，平均11．5个月，SandersⅡ型与Ⅲ型切开复位内固定方式的治疗结果比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；植骨组和未植骨组的治疗结果比较有统计学差异（SandersⅡ型P〈0．05，SandersⅢ型P〈0．01）。结论：SandersⅡ型与Ⅲ型跟骨骨折切开复位内固定时应尽量选用钢针内固定并应植骨，若跟骨碎成多块，可选用钢板固定。     

异型钢板治疗有移位的跟骨骨折

目的探讨切开复位异型钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折的疗效。方法对30例（30足）SandersⅡ～Ⅳ型跟骨骨折患者采用外侧L型切口入路、开放复位、异型钢板内固定。部分Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骨折患者自体骨移植。结果30例均获随访,时间8～12个月,按MarylandFootScore评价系统评价术后功能：优12足,良11足,可5足,差2足,优良率77．6％。结论切开复位异型钢板内固定对Ⅱ-Ⅳ型跟骨骨折疗效肯定,部分Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骨折者疗效欠佳。     

"Y"型钢板加自体植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折

目的探讨“Y”型钢板加自体植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折的疗效。方法对我院2003年5月至2006年5月间收治的44足跟骨关节内骨折的患者采用手术切开复位“Y”型钢板加自体植骨治疗。结果所有患者均得到随访，随访时间4～30个月，按Maryland足部评分系统评定，优19足，良17足，可6足，差2足。结论应用“Y”型钢板加自体植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折疗效满意。     

AO跟骨钢板治疗SandersⅣ型跟骨骨折

目的 总结用AO跟骨钢板治疗SandersⅣ型跟骨骨折的经验。方法 对15例18足SandersⅣ型跟骨骨折用AO跟骨钢板进行开放复位内固定治疗，采用Kerr设计的跟骨骨折百分评分系统作为疗效评定标准。结果 18足骨折术后全部得到随访，时间7～39个月，平均11．6个月，优良率83．3％。手术并发症发生率为16．7％，以前期为主，主要是皮缘坏死。结论 开放复位AO跟骨钢板内固定是治疗SandersⅣ型跟骨骨折的良好方法。临床治疗效果与跟骨后距下关节面、跟骨的Bohler氏角、Gissane角以及跟骨的长、宽、高等的复位质量有关。     

复杂跟骨骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨跟骨解剖钢板治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的疗效。方法：2004年11月-2009年1月,对有完整资料的27例32足关节面移位的跟骨骨折,采用扩大的外侧“L”形入路行切开复位植骨解剖钢板内固定治疗。anders分类：Ⅱ型4足,Ⅲ型22足,Ⅳ型6足。结果：所有患者术后获6-48个月（平均22．9个月）随访,骨折全部愈合。按Maryland足部评分标准评价手术效果：优20足,良7足,可5足,优良率84％。术后并发切口延迟愈合1例,无感染及皮肤坏死发生。结论：一期植骨,开放复位可塑形跟骨钛板内固定,术后早期关节功能锻炼,是治疗严重粉碎性骨折的良好方法。     

锁定钢板结合植骨治疗SanderⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折

目的探讨切开复位锁定钢板内固定结合植骨治疗SanderⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的疗效。方法对32例跟骨骨折患者（36足）采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定并髂骨植骨治疗。结果术后切口均无感染。32例均获随访,时间6—18（10．4±3．3）个月。未发现关节面塌陷、复位丢失、螺钉固定不良现象。功能及疗效按照Maryland足部评分系统评价：优22例,良6例,可3例,差1例,优良率为87．5％。结论锁定钢板内固定结合髂骨植骨治疗SanderⅢ、Ⅳ型跟骨骨折是一种有效的方法,充分的术前准备、熟悉跟骨的解剖形态、术中精准的复位、内固定的技巧、时机的掌握是手术成功的关键。     

波及距下关节的跟骨骨折的治疗

目的 探讨波及距下关节的跟骨骨折的治疗。方法 32例38侧跟骨骨折，按Sandees分型，分别对15侧SandersⅡ型骨折采用C臂透视经皮穿针撬拔复位加石膏外固定、23侧SandersⅢ-Ⅳ型骨折运用切开复位自体髂骨植骨及Y型钢板内固定方法进行治疗。结果 所有病例均获随访，时间为6～36个月。术后按Maryland足部评分系统进行功能评估，总体优良率为81．6％。结论 Sanders Ⅱ型跟骨骨折，宜选用撬拔复位石膏外固定；而Sanders Ⅲ-Ⅳ型骨折需切开复位内固定。     

跟骨关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨跟骨关节内骨折切开复位钢板螺钉内固定植骨术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年9月至2011年3月我科采用切开复位钢板螺钉内固定植骨术治疗跟骨骨折病例30例（32足）,骨折按Sanders标准分型,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型5例。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访8～36个月,平均28个月,术后3个月余骨折均愈合。术后切口延迟愈合1例,距下关节炎1例。术后足部功能评分按Maryland标准评分,优18例,良9例,可3例,优良率90%。结论切开复位钢板螺钉内固定植骨术治疗跟骨关节内骨折临床效果满意。     

锁定钢板加硫酸钙人工骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折

[目的]探讨采用锁定跟骨钢板加硫酸钙人工骨植骨治疗粉碎性跟骨关节内骨折的手术方法和临床疗效.[方法]对35例39足闭合性跟骨关节内骨折患者,采用跟骨外侧扩大L形入路,骨折复位后骨缺损处行颗粒状硫酸钙人工骨植骨,利用锁定跟骨钢板行骨折内固定.[结果]全部患者获得随访,随访时间8～ 30个月,平均17个月.根据Maryland评分,优25足,良10足,可4足,优良率89.7％.[结论]应用锁定钢板结合硫酸钙人工骨植骨治疗粉碎性跟骨关节内骨折,能使跟骨得到坚强内固定,又可以填充骨缺损,使患者早期功能锻炼,降低并发症发生率,临床疗效满意.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.