GC-MS和平滑预处理及SFA法用于茵陈挥发性成分的分析

目的:研究茵陈的挥发性成分。方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取茵陈挥发油,用GC-MS检测。重叠色谱峰用粗糙惩罚平滑法处理后,用子窗口因子分析法(SFA)分辨,从而获得每一组分的纯色谱和质谱,依靠每一组分纯质谱在NIST质谱库进行相似性检索而定性分析,用总体积积分法定量分析。结果:共分辨出67个色谱峰,鉴定出48个化学成分,占总含量的89.03%。主要组分为n-十六烷酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸、镰叶芹醇、反式-Z-α-环氧红没药烯和大牻牛儿烯D。结论:本法不仅可使鉴定的化合物数目增加,而且也提高了定性准确度,该法能用于茵陈的进一步开发和质量控制。     

款冬花挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的分析我国中药材GAP基地款冬花挥发油的化学成分,并为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取款冬花挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果检出259个色谱峰,鉴定出65个化合物,占挥发油总量的84.62%。结论在倍半萜类化合物及其衍生物中,古巴烯(2.36%)、( )-表双环倍半水芹烯(3.91%)、γ-榄香烯(2.18%)、β-红没药烯(13.93%)、匙叶桉油烯醇(3.44%)等是主要成分,占总挥发油量的25.82%;挥发油其他类化合物中,十一碳烯(4.83%)、(E)-环十一碳烯(8.49%)、双环[10.1.0]十三碳-1-烯(1.45%)、1-十三碳烯(3.44%)、(Z)-7,11-二甲基-3-甲烯基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(2.66%)、1-十五碳烯(4.57%)、[1R-(1R,4Z,9S)]-4,11,11-三甲基-8-甲烯基-双环[7.2.0]十一碳-4-烯(1.03%)、6,6-二甲基-2-甲烯基-7-(3-氧化丁烯基)oxepan-3-甲基乙酸酯(2.02%)、1,E-11,Z-13-十七碳三烯(3.72%)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(1.85%)、3,7,11-三甲基-十二碳-2,4,6,10-四烯醛(1.31%)、十六碳酸(3.12%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(2.26%)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(1.12%)、二十一烷(1.82%)、二十五烷(1.03%)等是主要成分,占总挥发油量的39.15%。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析橄榄根挥发油成分

目的对橄榄根挥发油的化学成分进行研究。方法采用GC-MS联用分析技术对橄榄根挥发油进行分析,并用峰面积归一化法测定各个化合物的相对含量。结果分离出40种化学成分,其中含量大于5%的组分有4个,分别为n-十六烷酸、6-十八碳烯酸、十二烷酸和3,7,11-三甲基-(E)-1,6,10-葵三烯-3-醇,相对含量大于1%的组分有9个。结论这9个成分占总挥发油成分的80.981%。     

藏药打箭菊挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的:研究藏药打箭菊挥发油化学成分的组成。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取打箭菊的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析其化学成分,用面积归一化法测定各化学成分的质量分数。结果:从打箭菊挥发油中共分离出40个组分,鉴定了其中26个,占挥发油总量的81.137%。主要成分有棕榈酸(41.530%)、亚麻油酸(13.659%)、顺式-β-合金欢烯(6.250%)、正二十三烷(4.899%)、肉豆蔻酸(3.465%)、二十九烷(2.783%)、正十五烷酸(1.460%)、植酮(1.218%)等。结论:藏药打箭菊挥发油中含有多种具有明显生物活性的成分,该试验可为其进一步的开发与利用提供依据。     

清胃止痛微丸挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析清胃止痛微丸的挥发油化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取清胃止痛微丸的挥发油成分,用GC-MS联用技术对化学成分进行鉴定,以毛细管柱进行分析,面积归一化法测定其相对含量。结果分离得31个化学组分峰,并确定出其中28个化学成分,占挥发油总数的90.78%。相对含量超过5%的成分有13β-甲基-13-乙烯基-7-烯-3-酮-罗汉松烷(相对含量14.785%)、9,12-亚油酸乙酯(相对含量7.293%)、棕榈酸乙酯(相对含量6.255%)、油酸乙酯(相对含量5.869%)、二十八烷(相对含量5.236%)和三十烷(相对含量5.155%)。结论清胃止痛微丸中挥发油成分主要包含13β-甲基-13-乙烯基-7-烯-3-酮-罗汉松烷、9,12-亚油酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯等成分。     

GC-MS测定槐米萃取液中的挥发性化学成分

目的研究槐米中的挥发性化学成分。方法采用微波辅助法萃取,用气相色谱-质谱法进行定性分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发性化学成分的相对含量。结果分离出51个峰,已鉴定了31个化合物。结论已鉴定的化合物包括酮、醇、酸、甾醇、酚、醛、酯、烷烃、烯烃及杂环等10类化合物,酮类化合物占总色谱流出峰面积的21.15%;醇类化合物占13.78%;酸类占9.15%。其主要组分有1,9,12-三氧-4,6-二氨基环十四烷-5-硫酮(20.58%)、棕榈酸(9.05%)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯醇(7.05%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(6.85%)和β-谷甾醇(6.11%)。     

GC-MS分析四川产长鞭红景天挥发油的化学成分

目的分析四川川西高原产长鞭红景天根和根茎中挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油并用GC-MS分析。结果用GC-MS法从长鞭红景天挥发油中检出了42个成分,鉴定了其中32个,占挥发油总量的95.91%,含量较高的化学成分为棕榈酸(35.90%)、亚油酸(23.10%)、肉豆蔻酸(7.24%)、二十三烷(4.66%)、二十五烷(4.42%)、6,10,14-三甲基十五烷酮(1.32%)、十五烷酸(1.42%)、十七烷酸(1.65%)、S-(2-氨基乙基)酯-硫代硫酸(1.34%)、二十一烷(1.98%)、二十四烷(1.15%)、十八醇(1.62%)和二十七烷(1.68%)。结论所做分析可为长鞭红景天野生药用植物资源的开发利用提供理论依据。     

化香树果序挥发油化学成分分析

目的:对化香树果序中挥发油进行化学成分研究。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从化香树果序中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行分析,用峰面积归一化法得到各组分在挥发油中的相对含量。结果:测得挥发油的含量为0.10%。从化香树果序挥发油中鉴定了27种化学成分,占挥发油总成分的92.10%。主要成分为γ-桉叶醇(18.92%)、β-桉叶醇(18.74%)、五十四烷(8.64%)、正十六酸(7.87%)、十六酰胺(5.04%)、十八酰胺(4.84%)、香木兰烯(4.23%)、三十二烷(3.99%)等。结论:化香树果序挥发油中的主要成分是倍半萜类化合物,约占挥发油总量的37.66%。     

野葛中的一个新化学成分

应用色谱技术研究豆科植物野葛(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohw)的化学成分，从中分离到5个化合物，通过波谱方法解析它们的结构，分别为：葛根苷D(1)，4′,8-二甲氧基-7-O-β-D-葡糖基异黄酮(2)，二十烷酸(3)，十六烷酸(4)和二十四烷酸-α-甘油酯(5)。化合物1为新化合物，化合物2、3和4为首次从葛根中分离得到。     

GC-MS和化学计量学解析法分析白术中挥发油成分

目的 分析白术挥发油中的化学成分。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其进行分离检测,利用化学计量学解析法(CRM)对重叠色谱峰进行分辨解析,并结合程序升温保留指数辅助定性,从而对挥发油成分进行准确的定性定量分析。结果 共分辨出了33个色谱峰,鉴定了其中29个组分,占白术挥发油总量的95.93%,其中主要化学成分为2-(2-甲氧基)苯甲氧基苯酚、γ-芹子烯和3,7(11)-蛇床二烯等,它们占总挥发油的70.07%,而其他26个组分只占25.86%。结论 结合使用CRM解析重叠色谱峰,比单独使用GC-MS能更真实、全面地反映白术中的挥发油化学成分。     

尖尾芋根茎石油醚部位抗肿瘤活性及化学成分研究

考察了尖尾芋根茎的不同溶剂提取物对5种人肿瘤细胞(M-GC803、Hela、bel7402、K-562和MDA-MB-435)的抑制作用。结果表明,尖尾芋根茎50%乙醇提取物的抑制作用较强,进一步筛选显示该提取物的石油醚萃取部位对人肿瘤细胞M-GC803的抑制活性较显著(IC50=121 g/ml)。采用GC-MS法分析该石油醚部位的化学成分,共鉴定了其中43个化学成分,含量占前5位的成分分别是:亚油酸(23.59%)、十六烷酸(18.91%)、间十五烷基酚(15.51%)、亚麻酸(9.09%)和3’-甲氧基苯并[1’,2’-b]-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烯(5.18%)。     

刺松藻和粗枝软骨藻脂溶性化学成分GC-MS分析

目的分析刺松藻和粗枝软骨藻脂溶性化学成分,为其开发利用提供理论依据。方法采用乙醚提取刺松藻和粗枝软骨藻脂溶性成分并用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术对其进行分析。结果从刺松藻中分离鉴定出10个化合物,它们占总脂的92.15%,其主要成分为十四烷酸(4.43%)、正十六烷酸(33.01%)、植醇(8.18%)、油酸(7.07%)、十八碳二烯酸(3.69%)、十六碳三烯酸(3.12%)和豆甾醇(28.83%)等。从粗枝软骨藻中鉴定出16个化合物,占总脂的75.21%,其主要成分为荜澄茄油烯(5.77%)、十四烷酸(1.65%)、正十六烷酸(26.03%)、油酸(5.73%)、十八碳二烯酸(2.24%)、十八碳三烯酸(6.60%)、胆甾醇(7.22%)、胆甾-7,24-二烯-3-醇(11.89%)和豆甾-5,24(28)-二烯-3-醇(3.05%)等。结论饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、甾醇类成分是两种藻的主要成分,刺松藻和粗枝软骨藻脂溶性成分具有很好的药用前景。     

Comparative analysis of essential oil components of three Phlomis species in Qinling Mountains of China

The essential oils of three wild-growing Phlomis species (Phlomis umbrosa Turcz., Phlomis megalantha Diels and Phlomis szechuanensis C.Y. Wu), collected from Qinling Mountains of China during the bloom stage, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Under the optimum extraction and analysis conditions, 22, 26 and 19 constituents (mainly aliphatic compounds) were identified in P. umbrosa, P. megalantha and P. szechuanensis which represented 92.5%, 96.3% and 93.1% of the oils, respectively. The main constituents were hexadecanoic acid (7.1-52.1%), trans-phytol (5.7-50.8%) and 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol (2.2-24.8%). Fatty acids and aliphatic esters were the major groups of P. umbrosa and P. megalantha, but P. szechuanensis showed higher content of alcohols. P. megalantha has relatively higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes than the others. The comparison of essential oil components of Phlomis species between the present and previous work indicated that the composition of oils vary greatly with respect to the geographical environment, mainly for the proportion of aliphatic compounds and terpenoids. This study is the first report on the chemical composition of essential oils of the three wild-growing herbs mentioned above.     

Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium

The essential oils from the aerial parts of leaves, fruits and flowers of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium of Southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), were analysed by GC, GC/MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Forty-eight compounds were identified from the essential oils. The major constituents of the essential oil of the leaves were germacrene D (34 %) and bicyclogermacrene (23 %) and of the fruits, menth-2-en-1-ol (46.2 %), beta-myrcene (30.2 %), (-)-linalool (15 %) and (-)-alpha-terpineol (8.45 %). beta-Myrcene (65 %) and menth-2-en-1-ol (5.4 %) dominate the essential oil of the flowers. The oils of the leaves and fruits were bioactive with antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), and Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella setubal bacteria (Gram negative) microorganisms, while the essential oil of the flowers was inactive.     

柏子仁和柏子仁霜中脂肪酸的GC-MS比较分析研究

目的研究柏子仁与柏子仁霜的脂肪酸组成。方法用GC-MS方法对柏子仁与柏子仁霜油进行定性鉴定和定量分析。结果鉴定了柏子仁油中的6种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸主要是十六烷酸(6.58%)、硬脂酸(2.62%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(22.97%)、亚麻酸(54.17%)、花生四烯酸(7.75%)、二十碳三烯酸(2.62%),占脂肪酸的87.51%。;柏子仁霜油中鉴定了6种脂肪酸,饱和脂肪酸主要为十六烷酸(7.01%)、硬脂酸(4.85%);不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸(23.42%)、亚麻酸(54.80%)、花生四烯酸(6.42%)、二十碳三烯酸(1.93%)。结论柏子仁和柏子仁霜均含有合理的益于人体健康的脂肪酸。     

Essential oil from Zanthoxylum hyemale

The essential oils from aerial parts of young (sample A) and mature leaves (sample B), fruit (sample C), and flowers (sample D) of Zanthoxylum hyemale were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC/MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Thirty-four compounds were identified from the essential oils, representing approximately 90.71, 91.19, 87.33, and 89.08 % of the oils, respectively. The major constituent of the young leaf essential oil was the sesquiterpene trans-nerolidol (51 %), while the main constituent of mature leaf (31 %) and flower oils (22 %) was an as yet unknown humulane-type sesquiterpenoid, which was characterized by spectral techniques (EI-MS and 1D-, 2D-NMR) as 3,7,10,10-tetramethylcycloundeca-3,7-dien-1-ol ( 1) and given the trivial name "hyemalol". In the fruit essential oil, the most abundant components were the monoterpenes beta-pinene (25 %) and alpha-pinene (10 %). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils and some isolated compounds is also reported.     

大青叶脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

目的：研究大青叶药材的脂溶性成分.方法：用索氏提取法提取大青叶的脂溶性成分,甲酯化处理后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术首次对大青叶的脂溶性成分进行分析和鉴定.结果：从大青叶中鉴定了34个化合物,占大青叶脂溶性成分的73.98％,大青叶主要的脂溶性成分是α-亚麻酸（12.02％）,γ-谷甾醇（5.93％）,棕榈酸（5.6％）,7,10,13-二十碳三烯酸（4.82％）和油酸（3.78％）.结论：亚麻酸、棕榈酸和油酸是大青叶药材中的活性成分.     

Analysis of volatile oil composition of the peppers from different production areas

In the current study, the chemical constituents of the essential oils of the three peppers were determined by using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Experimental results revealed that qualitative and quantitative differences in chemical composition of the essential oils of the three peppers could be detected. The main constituents of three kinds of pepper essential oils were à-Pinene; Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-; 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-; β-Pinene; Limonen-6-ol, pivalate; (E)-3(10)-Caren-4-ol; and TRANS-CARYOPHYLLENE. Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-; isocaryophillene; and Bufa-20,22-dienolide, 14-hydroxy-3-oxo-, (5á)- were detected only in essential oil of black pepper from GuangDong province. 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, trans-; Copaene; Eudesma-4(14),11-diene; and trans-9-Octadecenoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester were detected only in essential oil of black pepper from YunNan province. 1,2-Dihydropyridine, 1-(1-oxobutyl)-; and 1-Chloroeicosane were detected only in essential oil of black pepper from FuJian province. The results of this study indicated that the chemical compositions of pepper essential oils were greatly influenced by different production areas and its effective constituents might be considered as a potent source for the production of fine natural medicine.     

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Leaves and Twigs of Pistacia lentiscus,Pistacia lentiscus var. chia,and Pistacia terebinthus from Turkey

The composition of the essential oils from the leaves and twigs of Pistacia lentiscus L., Pistacia lentiscus var. chia (L.), and Pistacia terebinthus L. of Turkish origin were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventy-seven constituents were characterized from the essential oil of P. terebinthus leaves with α-cadinol (6.9%), phytol (5.4%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), α-terpineol (5.0%), and bornyl acetate (4.4%) as major constituents. Germacrene D (10%), β-pinene (7.5%), bornyl acetate (6.0%), α-cubebene (5.9%), and cubebol (5.4%) were found to be the main components among the 61 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. terebinthus twigs. Forty-six compounds were characterized from the essential oil of P. lentiscus twigs with sabinene (23.2%), α-pinene (19.4%), germacrene D (14.1%), limonene (6.9%), β-phellandrene (6.5%), terpinene-4-ol (5.7%), and β-caryophyllene (5.7%) as the main constituents. Terpinene-4-ol (29.2%), β-caryophyllene (29.2%), and p-cymene (7.1%) were identified as the major components among the 64 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. lentiscus leaves. Sixty-eight compounds were found on the essential oil of P. lentiscus var. chia leaves with germacrene D (20.1%), myrcene (13.9%), β-caryophyllene (10.8%), and α-terpinyl acetate (4.8%) as the major constituents. Myrcene (27.4%), germacrene D (21.7%), and β-caryophyllene (7.2%) were found to be the main components among 50 compounds characterized in the essential oil of P. lentiscus var. chia twigs.     

迎春花叶挥发油的化学成分

目的研究迎春花叶的化学成分,为迎春花植物的进一步开发利用提供部分科学依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从迎春花叶中提取挥发油,采用最佳分析条件对化学成分进行鉴定,GC法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量。结果共鉴定了56个成份,占挥发油的89%以上。结论迎春花叶挥发油成分主要为脂肪酸和酯类的衍生物,占挥发油的61.59%,其中9,12,15-十八碳三烯甘油酯的含量最高达36.18%。