掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣的临床应用

目的 介绍掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣在修复手指背皮肤缺损方面的临床应用。方法 2001年6月至2002年10月用掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指背皮肤缺损7例。该皮瓣以掌骨背动脉走行线为轴线,以带掌骨背动脉的筋膜为蒂,向远端转移可修复手指近节皮肤缺损及手指中节指背皮肤缺损。皮瓣切取范围近端可达腕背横纹,远端可达指蹼,两侧可达轴心线外2.5cm。结果 7例皮瓣全部存活。术后随访2至14个月,手指外形及活动度均正常。结论 掌骨背逆行筋膜皮瓣血供可靠、皮瓣质地好,不失为修复手指缺损的一种好方法。     

指固有动脉近侧穿支蒂掌背皮瓣的解剖与临床应用

目的探讨指固有动脉近侧穿支蒂掌背皮瓣切取及修复手指创面的可行性。方法取20条经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢尸体标本,解剖观察指固有动脉近侧穿支、指蹼动脉、掌背动脉穿支等血管走行、吻合。据此设计指固有动脉近侧穿支蒂掌背皮瓣。18例手指创面采用指固有动脉近侧穿支蒂掌背皮瓣修复。男12例,女6例,年龄6～60岁。创面范围约4.0cm×2.0cm～5.0cm×2.0cm,皮瓣范围约5.0cm×2.2cm～6.5cm×2.2cm。皮瓣供区采用游离植皮覆盖或直接缝合。结果术后皮瓣及植皮均顺利成活。患者均获随访,随访7～18个月,平均12个月。皮瓣外形良好。手指伸屈无功能障碍,皮瓣两点辨别觉8～9mm。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定手指总主动活动度,获优18例。结论指动脉近侧穿支与指蹼动脉、掌背动脉穿支等血管的分支有较恒定的吻合,指动脉近侧穿支蒂掌背皮瓣可修复手指较大创面,手术简单、血供可靠。     

尺动脉腕上皮支筋膜皮瓣修复腕掌部皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用尺动脉腕上皮支筋膜皮瓣修复腕掌部皮肤软组织缺损的方法。方法切取以尺动脉腕上皮支为蒂的筋膜皮瓣,旋转修复腕掌部皮肤软组织缺损。结果18例腕掌部皮肤软组织缺损皮瓣修后患者,15例皮瓣完全成活,3例皮瓣远端边缘部分坏死,经换药后愈合,皮瓣术后无臃肿,外形良好。结论该皮瓣血供可靠,手术操作简便,是修复腕掌部皮肤软组织缺损的较好方法。     

指腹缺损修复方法的选择

目的：介绍用手指皮瓣修复指腹皮肤缺损的方法。方法：1997年6月--2002年8月，应用筋膜蒂v-y提升皮瓣、手指侧方指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、跨区切取手指侧方指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣及第一掌背动脉逆行筋膜皮瓣，修复不同程度的指腹缺损89例。结果：皮瓣全部成活，随访半年以上有45例，修复后指腹的感觉均在S4级以上，外形满意，患均恢复原工作。结论：根据指腹缺损的大小与形状，切取相应的手指皮瓣，手术简单，效果好，是修复指腹缺损的有效方法。     

第1跖背动脉筋膜皮瓣逆行转移修复拇趾皮肤缺损

目的：探讨第1跖背动脉筋膜皮瓣逆行修复拇趾皮肤缺损的优点及效果。方法：根据个体化的原则,应用第1跖背动脉筋膜皮瓣逆行转移修复拇趾皮肤缺损8例,其中单纯皮肤及软组织缺损2例,合并拇趾骨骨折4例,合并部分拇趾骨缺损2例。皮瓣切取面积为2．5 cm ×3cm～5 cm ×3．5 cm,平均3 cm ×3．8cm。皮瓣蒂宽1．0～2．5cm。结果：术后所有例皮瓣均成活,6例创面1期愈合,2例远端少许坏死,经换药后2期愈合。随访6个月,所有皮瓣外观、质地、色泽和功能恢复良好。结论：第1跖背动脉筋膜皮瓣逆行修复拇趾皮肤缺损,具有创伤小、操作简单、效果可靠的优点,但对于第1跖背动脉III型者,需谨慎选择。     

带指背神经筋膜蒂岛状皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

外伤性手指皮肤缺损,尤其是残端骨外露很常见,常伴有骨、关节、肌腱等深层组织损伤或外露,通常需皮瓣移位,甚至残端骨短缩,才能完成创面的覆盖。自2002年2月—2007年5月,我们应用指背筋膜岛状皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损和残端创面覆盖63例85指,疗效满意,报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本组63例85指,男42例,女21例;年龄16~58岁,中位年龄32岁。手指皮肤缺损伴肌腱外露37例,残端骨外露26例。指背筋膜顺行岛状皮瓣修复邻指近节掌背侧皮肤缺损28例32指,指被筋膜逆行岛状皮瓣修复同指中、末节掌背侧皮肤缺损及指端缺损35例53指。1.2手术方法1.2.1皮瓣设计:(1)带指背神经筋膜蒂顺行岛状皮瓣,根据皮瓣缺损情况,选择合适的邻指作为皮瓣供区,皮瓣以邻近伤指侧的指背中外1/2交界处为筋膜蒂的轴线,以掌背动脉的远端穿支为旋转点,距指蹼缘以近约1.0cm处,皮瓣可切取至轴心线两侧1.0~1.5cm,不应超过侧正中线。(2)带指背神经筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣,首先确定皮瓣的蒂部,远侧指间关节以近背侧均可为皮瓣的蒂部,带指背神经筋膜蒂逆行岛状皮瓣以指背中外1/2交界处为筋膜蒂的轴线。1.2.2皮瓣切取:筋膜蒂部皮肤“S...     

第二掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复示指皮肤缺损26例的报告

目的:第二掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复示指近、中节皮肤缺损适用的方法之一.方法:我科从2007年6月～2011年10月应用第二掌骨背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣修复示指皮肤26例,以第二掌背动脉为轴线,以该动脉远端及筋膜为蒂.结果:术后26例皮瓣全部成活,经2～15个月随访,手指功能及外观均良好.结论:第二掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣设计合理,血供可靠,适于修复示指近节及中节掌背侧皮肤软组织缺损.     

大鱼际返支逆行动脉岛状皮瓣的临床研究

目的研究以拇指桡掌侧动脉大鱼际返支为蒂的大鱼际皮瓣逆行转移修复拇指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对55例拇指软组织缺损患者用大鱼际逆行动脉岛状皮瓣修复。采用以拇指桡掌侧动脉大鱼际返支为主要血供来源,以拇背筋膜蒂为主要回流途径的大鱼际逆行岛状皮瓣,皮瓣面积最大3.5cm×2.8cm,最小2.0cm×1.5cm。结果55例的皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3～26个月,外形美观,皮瓣质地良好,感觉有一定恢复。结论该皮瓣血供可靠、切取方便、质地良好,对修复拇指软组织缺损效果较好。     

掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损15例体会

目的探讨掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2007～2009年用第2～4掌背皮动脉皮瓣修复手指皮肤软组织缺损15例,示指用第2掌背皮动脉皮瓣,中指用第2或第3掌背皮动脉皮瓣,环指用第3或第4掌背皮动脉皮瓣。男性9例、女性6例;示指8例、中指5例、环指2例;电锯伤4例、冲床伤5例、机器压伤6例;年龄20～45岁,平均年龄36岁;皮肤缺损面积大小（1.5cm×2.5cm）～（2.5cm×4.5cm）,均伴有肌腱断裂或缺损、骨折。结果术后皮瓣颜色红润,无静脉回流障碍,15例全部皮瓣成活。术后3～6个月随访,皮瓣质地、外观满意、手指功能恢复良好。结论掌背皮动脉皮瓣是修复手指皮肤软组织缺损的一种较好方法。     

指背筋膜蒂皮瓣在手指皮肤缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法 2011年10月—2013年2月收治手指皮肤及软组织缺损患者33例(37指),男19例(22指),女14例(15指);受伤至入院时间1h¹5d;指腹皮肤缺损17指,甲床缺损9指,中节掌侧皮肤缺损6指,中远节掌侧皮肤缺损5指;皮瓣切取而积0.8cm×1.0cmy15d;指腹皮肤缺损17指,甲床缺损9指,中节掌侧皮肤缺损6指,中远节掌侧皮肤缺损5指;皮瓣切取而积0.8cm×1.0cmy¹.9 cm×2.7 cm,应用大小为1.0cm×1.2 cm1.9 cm×2.7 cm,应用大小为1.0cm×1.2 cm².1cm×2.9cm的指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复创而,供区游离植皮修复。根据患指缺损形状、大小、在指背设计皮瓣,自手指近端游离皮瓣,远端设计为"泪滴"状。皮瓣与受区疏松缝合,放置引流片,供区近节指背采用全厚皮片植皮修复。术后抗炎抗痉挛等常规治疗。结果术后5例皮瓣远端出现张力性水疱,经换药后愈合;其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合。术后30例(34指)获随访,随访时间62.1cm×2.9cm的指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复创而,供区游离植皮修复。根据患指缺损形状、大小、在指背设计皮瓣,自手指近端游离皮瓣,远端设计为"泪滴"状。皮瓣与受区疏松缝合,放置引流片,供区近节指背采用全厚皮片植皮修复。术后抗炎抗痉挛等常规治疗。结果术后5例皮瓣远端出现张力性水疱,经换药后愈合;其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合。术后30例(34指)获随访,随访时间6²5个月,中位数16.8个月。皮瓣质地柔软,外观饱满。术后6个月皮瓣两点辨别觉为625个月,中位数16.8个月。皮瓣质地柔软,外观饱满。术后6个月皮瓣两点辨别觉为6⁹ mm,中位数7.7 mm。手功能按手指总主动活动度评分法评定达105°9 mm,中位数7.7 mm。手功能按手指总主动活动度评分法评定达105°²30°,中位数204.6°。结论指背筋膜蒂皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损创伤小,手术操作简单,可以早期功能锻炼;术后皮瓣厚薄、质地良好,皮瓣可恢复感觉,是一种修复手指皮肤缺损的好方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.