长波紫外线暴露致大鼠神经细胞能量代谢降低的恢复实验研究

目的利用体外培养神经元探讨长波紫外线(UVA)对细胞能量代谢的影响以及去除UVA暴露后,细胞能量代谢的恢复。方法将体外原代培养的大鼠神经元暴露于UVA,剂量分别为0、3、9J/cm2。照射后继续培养4和28h,以细胞化学方法进行单细胞细胞色素氧化酶活力测定,用图像分析仪进行定量分析。结果各暴露组细胞经过UVA照射及4h恢复培养后,与对照组相比,光镜下,生命征象未见明显改变,细胞色素氧化酶活力随照射剂量增加明显下降。UVA照射后,经28h恢复培养,3J/cm2剂量组细胞色素氧化酶活力与对照组未见显著差别。9J/cm2剂量组虽有所恢复,但未达到对照组水平。结论低剂量UVA暴露在未导致细胞出现明显损伤情况下,可使细胞能量代谢明显降低。经去除UVA暴露,在一定时间内,较低剂量暴露致细胞能量代谢降低可明显可恢复;但较高剂量暴露后,短期内难以恢复至正常水平。     

甲醛对原代培养大鼠皮质神经元能量代谢的影响

目的　探讨甲醛对中枢神经系统毒作用的机制。方法　本文对新生大鼠原代培养皮质神经元进行了剂量分别为1,2 ,4 ,8mg L培养基的甲醛暴露实验,以在培养基中添加甲醛的方式染毒,每小时染毒一次,4小时后,用细胞化学方法,以细胞色素氧化酶(cytochromeoxidase ,COX)活力为指标,观察甲醛对神经元能量代谢的影响。结果　与对照组相比,各实验组神经元COX活力均明显降低(P <0. 0 1) ,并呈剂量-效应关系(R值为- 0 .92 ,P <0 . 0 1)。结论　本文结果提示,过量甲醛暴露可降低神经元COX活力,导致能量代谢障碍,进而影响其正常的生理功能。     

微波电磁辐射对大鼠脑神经元细胞色素氧化酶活力影响

目的研究不同强度900MHz微波电磁辐射对原代培养的大鼠脑皮质神经元能量代谢的影响。方法将Wistar大鼠脑皮质神经元暴露于不同强度900MHz的连续性微波电磁辐射[比吸收率（SAR）分别为0．38、0．76、1．15、2．23及3．22mW／g]，每天2h，连续暴露4-6d，以细胞色素氧化酶（CCO）为指标，研究微波对神经元能量代谢的影响。结果3．22mW／g连续4d微波暴露组低于对照组（P〈0．01）。0．38、0．76、1．15、2．23、3．22mW／g连续6d暴露组神经元CCO活力低于对照组（P〈0．01）；微波强度相对较高的暴露组CCO活力低于微波强度相对较低的暴露组。结论0．38～3．22mW／g的900MHz微波电磁辐射暴露可使神经元细胞色素氧化酶活力降低。微波电磁辐射对神经元细胞色素氧化酶活力影响有蓄积毒性作用。     

900MHz微波电磁辐射对原代培养的大鼠脑皮质神经元能量代谢的影响

目的　研究 90 0MHz微波电磁辐射对原代培养的大鼠脑皮质神经元能量代谢的影响。方法　将大鼠脑皮质神经元暴露于 90 0MHz的连续性微波电磁辐射 (SAR =3 2 2mW g、PD =9mW cm2 ) ,每天暴露 2h ,连续 4d或 5d ,及一次性 1 2h暴露 ,以细胞色素氧化酶为观察指标 ,研究微波对神经元能量代谢的影响。结果　微波电磁辐射可使神经元细胞色素氧化酶活性降低。结论　神经元细胞色素氧化酶活性的改变并非“致热效应”所致 ;微波电磁辐射对神经元细胞色素氧化酶活性影响有蓄积毒性作用 ,其影响在一定程度上是可恢复的 ,并且与神经元接受微波辐射时细胞培养年龄关系不密切。     

铜锌对大鼠神经元细胞色素氧化酶活力的影响

目的 观察铜锌对原代培养的神经元细胞色素氧化酶(COX)活力的影响，以探讨其对神经元能量代谢的作用。方法 用神经元与胶质细胞分离式原代培养的方法进行大鼠大脑皮质神经元培养，以硫酸铜0．05、0．16、0．5mmol／L，醋酸锌0．05、0．16、0．5mmol／L进行染毒，以及铜锌3x3联合染毒，用细胞化学方法，图象处理定量分析细胞色素氧化酶的活力。结果 铜组，0．16、0．5mmol／L时，COX活力降低，与对照组差异有显著性，单独染锌组COX活力与对照组之间差异无显著性。铜锌联合染毒时，交互作用无显著性。结论 铜能明显降低神经元能量代谢关键酶—COX的活力，将对神经元能量活动产生损伤作用，但在本实验暴露水平下，铜锌未能显出明显的交互作用。     

紫外线诱导HaCaT细胞IL10 mRNA及蛋白表达

目的探讨紫外线致机体免疫抑制的作用机制。方法体外培养人角质形成细胞系（HaCaT）,以0.6,1.2,1.8,2.4,3.0,3.6 J/cm^2长波紫外线（UVA）照射,采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞活力。以2.4 J/cm^2UVA照射HaCaT细胞,于0,2,4,12,24,48 h收集细胞及培养掖,分别采用RT-PCR和双抗夹心ELISA方法,检测白细胞介素10（IL10）mRNA及其蛋白表达。结果3.0,3.6 J/cm^2UVA照射使体外培养的HaCaT细胞活力明显降低（P〈0.05）;0.6～2.4 J/cm^2UVA照射对细胞活力无明显影响（P〉0.05）。HaCaT细胞经2.4J/cm^2UVA照射后12h,IL19 mRNA呈弱表达;照射后24h,培养液中IL10蛋白水平为（17.45±0.65）pg/ml;照射组其他各检测时点及对照组细胞未见IL10 mRNA及蛋白表达。结论正常情况下HaCaT细胞并不表达IL10,UVA照射可诱导其表达。     

铅对原代培养大鼠神经元能量代谢及谷氨酸受体2蛋白和mRNA表达的影响

目的　探讨铅影响神经元细胞内钙稳态的机理。方法　对新生大鼠原代培养海马神经元进行了Pb2 + 剂量为 5 0 0 μg/L升培养基的铅暴露实验 ,观察铅对神经元能量代谢和谷氨酸受体 2 (GluR2 )蛋白和mRNA表达的影响。结果　细胞化学、免疫组织化学和原位杂交结果表明 ,染毒 3天后 ,与对照相比 ,实验组神经元细胞色素氧化酶 (CytO)活力、GluR2蛋白和mRNA的表达均明显降低 (P <0 0 1)。结论　铅可能通过影响共同转录因子 ,一方面使神经元CytO活力降低 ,导致能量代谢降低 ,生理功能受到影响 ,另一方面减少GluR2蛋白和mRNA表达 ,引起Ca2 + 大量内流 ,从而导致细胞内钙超载。     

60Co γ射线照射对体外培养的心肌细胞活性及凋亡的影响

目的研究60Co γ射线照射对体外培养的心肌细胞活性及凋亡的影响。方法体外培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,分为对照组和照射组,照射组细胞分别用60Co γ射线5Gy、10Gy、20Gy单剂量照射心肌细胞,照射后48h检测细胞培养上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)浓度,流式细胞仪检测60Coγ射线照射对体外培养的心肌细胞凋亡的影响,照射后48h及120h用结晶紫试验及MTT试验检测照射后心肌细胞活性变化,结果照射组LDH浓度明显高于未照射组,且随照射剂量增加而升高。照射后48h凋亡细胞较对照组升高,凋亡细胞比例与照射剂量呈正相关。结晶紫试验及MTT试验均提示照射后48h照射组心肌细胞活细胞活性与对照组无明显差异,照射后120h照射组活细胞活性明显低于对照组,且与照射剂量相关。结论60Co γ射线单剂量照射可直接损伤心肌细胞,降低体外培养的心肌细胞活性,促进心肌细胞凋亡。     

60Coγ射线诱导L02人正常肝细胞COXⅡ基因表达、ATP水平和细胞活力改变

目的 探讨照射剂量和照射时间对电离辐射诱导L02人正常肝细胞(简称“L02细胞”)的线粒体编码基因细胞色素c氧化酶(COX)Ⅱ基因表达、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平和细胞活力变化的影响.方法 采用2×7析因设计方法.0、1、3、5、8、10、15 Gy剂量60Coγ射线分别照射L02细胞24、48 h后,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR法检测COXⅡmRNA表达水平,蛋白质印迹法检测COXⅡ蛋白表达水平,ATP发光检测试剂盒和CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞内ATP水平和细胞活力.结果 照射时间与照射剂量对L02细胞的COXⅡmRNA及蛋白表达水平上调、ATP水平升高和细胞活力下降的影响存在交互作用(F值分别为92.43、267.40、6.99、116.11,P＜0.05或P＜0.001).在一定照射剂量范围内,照射后24 h COXⅡ蛋白表达水平、照射后24、48 h ATP水平和细胞活力分别与照射剂量存在剂量-效应关系(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 照射剂量和照射时间的交互作用影响60Coγ照射诱导的L02细胞COXⅡ基因表达和细胞内ATP水平与细胞活力.     

长波紫外线照射对小鼠黑素瘤细胞的影响

[目的]研究不同剂量UVA照射对体外培养B_16小鼠黑素瘤细胞的形态、增殖率、黑素含量和酪氨酸酶活性的影响。[方法]选用B_16小鼠黑素瘤细胞 ,经不同剂量的UVA照射后 ,采用MTT法测定细胞的增殖 ,参照HideyaAndo等的方法测定酪氨酸酶活性和黑素含量。[结果]UVA照射后 ,黑素含量增加 (P<0.01) ,酪氨酸酶活性提高 (P<0.05) ,细胞增殖率上升 ,照射剂量在0.6、1.2、1.8J/cm2时 ,细胞增殖率的变化有显著性 (t=2.495、2.645、3.081,均为P<0.05)。[结论]随着照射剂量的增加 ,黑素含量增加 ,酪氨酸酶活性提高 ,细胞的增殖率增加 ,但UVA的促黑素瘤细胞增殖作用是有限的     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.