口腔鳞状细胞癌中p27与Skp2蛋白表达及其意义的初步观察

目的:探讨p27与Skp2蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其与口腔鳞状细胞癌临床病理之间的相互关系。方法:免疫组化SP法检测p27、Skp2蛋白在69例口腔鳞状细胞癌和12例正常口腔黏膜组织中的表达情况,并分析其与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤的部位、临床分期、病理分级、颈淋巴结转移之间的相关性。结果:口腔鳞状细胞癌中p27蛋白的阳性率63.73%明显低于正常黏膜组织92.72%(P<0.05),Skp2蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的阳性率19.02%明显高于正常黏膜组织4.24%(P<0.05)。p27蛋白阳性表达率与肿瘤的临床分期、病理分级、颈淋巴结转移呈负相关(P<0.05),Skp2蛋白阳性表达率则与以上临床病理特征呈正相关(P<0.05);二者的阳性表达率与口腔鳞状细胞癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位无关(P>0.05)。p27蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达与Skp2蛋白呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:Skp2蛋白表达与靶蛋白细胞周期抑制因子p27降解相关,可能参与了口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生、发展。联合检测p27和Skp2蛋白表达有助于判断口腔鳞状细胞癌的恶性程度和预后。     

p53、p21、p27、p16在口腔鳞癌中的表达及与预后的关系

目的:研究细胞周期相关蛋白p53、p21、p27、p16在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及其与预后的相关性,寻找预后判断的有效生物标志物。方法:用免疫组织化学的方法检测随访资料完整的110例口腔鳞癌患者术后石蜡切片中p53、p21、p27、p16的表达,通过目标蛋白阳性染色细胞比例和阳性细胞中蛋白的染色强度判定各蛋白的表达水平,应用SAS 9.0软件中的Kaplan-Meier分析p53、p21、p27、p16蛋白表达水平与口腔鳞癌预后的相关性,筛选和确定与口腔鳞癌预后相关的细胞周期蛋白。结果:110例口腔鳞癌标本蛋白检测和统计分析结果表明,p53、p27、p16蛋白的表达水平与口腔鳞癌术后生存时间并无显著的相关性;p21表达与口腔鳞癌的术后生存率呈显著的相关性(P<0.05)。结论:口腔鳞癌患者癌组织标本的p21表达水平与预后呈正相关,p21有望成为口腔鳞癌预后判断的候选生物标志物。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌中p27表达及其临床意义

目的 分析口腔鳞状细胞癌p27的表达与临床病理资料及预后的关系。方法 回顾性研究50例口腔鳞状细胞癌及10例正常口腔粘膜p27的表达情况，采用SABC法根据染色指标记数，并利用Cox比例风险模型进行生存多因素分析。结果 p27在所有正常口腔粘膜上皮均呈现高表达，而在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织有30例(60％)至p27表达降低，p27低表达与口腔鳞状细胞癌的临床分期晚、易发生淋巴结转移以及预后差，生存期短显著相关，p27高表达则相反。多因素Cox回归分析表明p27的表达可作为口腔鳞癌辅助性的预后指标。结论 p27的表达与口腔鳞癌的发生发展有密切关系，并与肿瘤的预后密切相关，可作为辅助性的预后指标。     

丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白/p70 S6K信号通路在口腔鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶（Akt）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）/p70 S6K信号通路在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达情况,为口腔鳞癌的早期诊断和治疗提供参考。方法 收集口腔鳞癌标本51例,癌旁黏膜组织10例,正常口腔黏膜10例。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测口腔鳞癌、癌旁黏膜组织及正常口腔黏膜中p-Akt、p-mTOR及p70 S6K的表达情况,分析三者相互之间表达的相关性。结果 p-Akt、p-mTOR及p70 S6K在口腔鳞癌组中的表达显著高于正常口腔黏膜组和癌旁黏膜组的表达。p-Akt、p-mTOR及p70 S6K在口腔鳞癌的表达与患者的年龄、性别及临床分期无相关性,但与口腔鳞癌的分化程度及有无淋巴结转移有相关性。p-Akt、p-mTOR及p70 S6K在口腔鳞癌的表达相互之间具有较强的正相关关系。结论 Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K信号通路分子在口腔鳞癌中表达活跃,提示可能与口腔鳞癌的发生发展具有重要的相关性。     

VEGF、EGFR、p16在唇癌与口腔鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 检测血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial factor,VEGF)、表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth for receptor,ERFR)及p16在唇癌及口腔鳞癌组织中的表达分布特征，探讨其在癌发生发展中的作用及临床病理意义，为唇癌及口腔鳞癌的抗血管生成治疗提供临床病理学依据。方法 应用免疫组化LSAB法检测69例唇癌及口腔鳞癌组织中VEGF、EGFR，p16蛋白的表达及变化。结果 唇癌及口腔鳞癌VEGF、EGFR,p16蛋白表达率分别为71．01％、46．37％及28．98％。不同部位唇癌及口腔鳞癌组织间VEGF、GEFR、p16阳性表达率差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；VEGF在唇癌及口腔鳞癌与非瘤组织中的阳性表达率分别为71．01％、10．00％，二者差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；VEGF、EGFR、p16在唇癌及口腔癌组织中的阳性表达无明显相关（P＞0．05）。结论 唇癌及口腔鳞癌组织中VEGF、EGFRp16之间蛋白表达无相关；VEGF在非瘤组织与唇癌及口腔鳞癌中的表达率差异有显著性；VEGF在唇癌及口腔鳞癌发生发展中起重要作用，可作为有用的标志物。     

口腔鳞癌组织中Ki-67和p53蛋白的表达

目的 探讨口腔鳞癌组织中Ki-67和p53蛋白的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法对10例正常口腔黏膜组织、16例口腔白斑（OLK）组织、48例口腔鳞癌（OSCC）组织中的Ki-67和p53蛋白表达进行检测,结合患者临床病理资料进行分析,使用SPSS17.0 软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果Ki-67蛋白在正常口腔黏膜组织、口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为30.0%、56.3%和79.2%;p53的阳性表达率分别为0.0%、43.8%和70.8%,Ki-67和p53在正常黏膜组与口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌组差异均具有显著性（P<0.05）;Ki67蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达与肿瘤的临床分期、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）,p53蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度有关(P<0.05);Ki-67和p53蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论Ki-67和p53蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中高表达,可能在口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。     

Skp2蛋白在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其与c-myc、p27蛋白表达的关系

目的:研究Skp2、c-myc及p27蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达.方法:免疫组化检测Skp2、c-myc及p27蛋白在54例口腔鳞癌和15例正常口腔黏膜组织中的表达.结果:口腔鳞癌组织中Skp2、c-myc阳性表达率分别为35.19%(19/54)和38.89%(21/54),显著高于正常口腔黏膜组织6.67%(1/15)、6.67%(1/15)(P＜0.05);p27阳性表达率为55.56%(30/54)显著低于正常口腔黏膜组织86.67%(13/15)(P＜0.05);Skp2的表达与口腔鳞癌的临床分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移显著相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位等因素无关(P＞0.05);口腔鳞癌中Skp2与c-myc表达呈正相关(r=0.562,P＜0.01);与p27蛋白的表达呈负相关(r=-0.532,P＜0.01).结论:Skp2蛋白过表达在口腔鳞癌的发生及发展中起重要作用;并可能与c-myc蛋白有协同作用,Skp2蛋白过表达与靶蛋白p27蛋白降解有关,联合检测Skp2、c-myc及p27蛋白的表达有助于综合评估口腔鳞癌的生物学行为.     

口腔鳞癌p16基因的表达及其病理意义

目的　探讨 p16基因在口腔鳞癌中的表达情况及其病理意义。方法　利用原位杂交和 Western blot-ting技术检测了 48例口腔鳞癌标本和 6例正常口腔粘膜标本 p16基因 m RNA的分布和强度及 p16蛋白的表达 ,并分析了 p16蛋白表达和患者临床病理参数的关系。结果　 6例正常口腔粘膜 p16 m RNA表达均阳性 ;48例口腔癌标本中有 2 1例 p16 m RNA表达阴性 (4 3.7% ) ,2 6例无 p16蛋白表达 (5 4.2 % ) ,其中 2 1例 m RNA表达阴性的病例均无 p16蛋白表达 ,另外 5例无 p16蛋白表达的鳞癌组织有 p16 m RNA杂交信号 ;p16蛋白表达与肿瘤的部位、癌细胞的分化程度及临床分期均无关 ,但与颈淋巴结是否转移密切相关 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 p16基因产物丧失常发生于口腔鳞癌 ;p16基因可能通过某种机制抑制癌细胞的转移特性。     

人乳头状瘤病毒16/18型、p53、p16蛋白在口腔疣状癌中的表达

目的　研究人乳头状瘤病毒 16 / 18型、p5 3、p16蛋白在口腔疣状癌中的表达状况 ,探讨它们在口腔疣状癌发生发展中的生物学意义。方法　采用SP免疫组化和原位杂交方法分别检测 8例正常口腔粘膜、13例疣状癌、10例高分化鳞癌、10例低分化鳞癌组织中HPV16 / 18E6、p5 3、p16蛋白和HPV16 / 18DNA的表达。结果　 1.疣状癌HPV16 / 18E6蛋白和p5 3蛋白阳性表达率均为 6 9.2 % (9/ 13) ,p16蛋白表达缺失率为 2 3.1% (3/ 13) ,过度表达率为 6 9.2 % (9/ 13) ,平均染色强度与高分化鳞癌和低化分鳞癌组比均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。 2 .免疫组化方法检测HPV16 / 18E6蛋白与原位杂交方法检测HPV16 / 18DNA结果有良好的一致性。 3.疣状癌HPV16 / 18E6蛋白与p5 3蛋白、p5 3蛋白与p16蛋白表达之间无相关性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而HPV16 / 18E6蛋白与p16蛋白表达之间呈正相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 1.进一步证实HPV16 / 18型感染是口腔疣状癌的重要致病因子。 2 .疣状癌的发生过程中可能存在p5 3基因突变。 3.p16基因变异在疣状癌的发生中起一定作用 ,用疣状癌中p16蛋白过度表达与HPV16 / 18型感染有关。 4 .HPV16 / 18、p5 3、p16蛋白在疣状癌与高分化鳞癌、低分化鳞癌组织中的表达存在明显差异 ,证实疣状癌是一种独立类型     

p16和p53蛋白在口腔白斑和鳞状细胞癌中表达的比较研究

目的比较p16和p53在口腔白斑和口腔鳞状细胞癌中异常表达的情况。方法对17例健康者的口腔粘膜、60例白斑患者和40例口腔鳞状细胞癌患者的病损组织进行了p16和p53蛋白的免疫组化染色。结果正常口腔粘膜、白斑单纯增生、白斑异常增生和口腔鳞状细胞癌的p16阳性率分别为100％、90％、60％和35％，p53蛋白的阳性率分别为12％、27％、50％和73％，p16阳性率和细胞染色强度指数（stainning intensity index，SII）分别与口腔粘膜组织恶性度的增高显著负相关；p53阳性率和S11分别与口腔粘膜组织恶性度的增高显著正相关。p16和p53在不同组织中的阳性率显著负相关；p16和p53在白斑异常增生的协同失活率达23％，在口腔鳞状细胞癌中达到42．5％。p16阳性率、p16SII、p53SII及两种基因均异常的比率在口腔鳞状细胞癌无淋巴结转移和口腔鳞状细胞癌有淋巴结转移患者之间均有显著差异。结论p16可作为早期监视口腔白斑恶变、监测口腔鳞状细胞癌发展进程和判断口腔鳞状细胞癌预后的分子生物学指标。p16和p53失活在白斑癌变和口腔鳞状细胞癌的发展过程中可能有叠加效应。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中P16蛋白的免疫组化定量分析

目的　探讨P16蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)组织中的表达及与口腔鳞癌发生发展的关系。方法　采用免疫组化S -P法,对5 6例口腔鳞癌组织、30例癌旁组织及10例正常口腔黏膜中P16蛋白的表达进行检测,应用全自动图像分析仪对染色结果进行定量测定。结果　口腔鳞癌组织中P16蛋白的表达量低于癌旁组织及正常黏膜(P <0 .0 5 ) ,口腔鳞癌Ⅲ级低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ级(P <0 .0 5 )。颈淋巴结转移组低于无颈淋巴结转移组(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　P16蛋白在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达常为缺失,说明其作为抑癌基因在口腔鳞癌的发生中起作用。P16蛋白的表达程度越低,分化越差,肿瘤越易于浸润和转移。     

Expression of p16 and CDK4 in oral premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinomas: a semi-quantitative immunohistochemical study

The protein, p16, the product of cyclin-dependent kinase number 2 (CDKN2) gene, is one of the negative regulators of the cell cycle. CDK4, encoded by CDK4 gene, is the substrate of p16. We investigated the expression of p16 and CDK4 and their role in the progression of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) in a Chinese cohort. A total of 74 samples were obtained from patients with hyperkeratosis (10), OPLs [30; mild (10), moderate (10) and severe (10) dysplastic lesions], OSCCs (15; 8 non-metastatic, 7 metastatic), and normal oral tissues (10), together with local lymph nodes (9) of patients with metastatic OSCCs. A labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) immunohistochemistry assay was performed and a semi-quantitative method was used to evaluate the staining intensity. The staining patterns of p16 and CDK4 were similar in all tissues and were located in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm. However, the antigen distribution characteristics and the degree of expression of both p16 and CDK4 varied at different developmental stages of the lesions. Hyperkeratotic and dysplastic lesions tended to display a progressively increasing degree of p16- and CDK4-positive nuclei as compared with normal tissues. Also, positive staining cytoplasm was highly evident in OSCCs with a very low nuclear staining (P<0.05). Forty-six of 56-, p16-positive cases were CDK4-positive, while only 6 were CDK4-positive but p16-negative, implying a high correlation between these parameters (r=0.813, P<0.001). This study indicates that the expression of p16 and CDK4 is intimately involved in the development of OPLs and OSCCs and the likely existence of a positive feedback loop between p16 and CDK4.     

p16INK4A in oral squamous cell carcinomas--a correlation with biological behaviors: immunohistochemical and FISH analysis.

PURPOSE: The p16(INK4A) gene and Rb gene are key tumor suppressor genes in a cell cycle regulatory pathway that is commonly inactivated in various cancers. The disruption of p16(INK4A) expression has been reported in several types of carcinoma but sparse in the area of oral oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 66 cases who were diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical p16(INK4A) and pRb expression, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis were performed to the resected materials. RESULTS: p16(INK4A) protein expressions were detected in 14 cases without lymph node metastasis versus in 4 cases with metastasis (P = .04). As to histopathological grading of the effect of chemotherapy, almost all the p16(INK4A)-positive cases (9 cases out of 10) exhibited the histological feature of being rather sensitive to chemotherapy (2B and better response according to Ohboshi and Shimosato's criteria) versus 17 of 33 negative cases (P = .02). Survival curves showed that the survival rate of patients with loss of p16(INK4A) expression was significantly worse than those with amplification and normal genetic dosage of p16(INK4A) (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of p16(INK4A) were significantly correlated with biological behavior of OSCCs. These results indicate we can use p16(INK4A) as a marker of a prognostic prediction of oral cancer and it is useful for management of OSCCs.     

p53 alterations in betel quid- and tobacco-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas from Taiwan

Alterations of p53 have been explored in Taiwanese oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) consisting of a betel quid (BQ)/tobacco-related subgroup of 36 subjects and a tobacco-related subgroup of 13 subjects. Mutations in conserved exons were found in 12 tumors. Seven mutations were clustered in a hot-spot region mapped to a region between codons 273–282 in exon 8. The incidence of p53 mutation in BQ/tobacco tumors was 22% (8/36). The frequency of p53 allelic loss (21%, 3/14) in BQ/tobacco tumors approximates to the incidence of mutation. This is the first study demonstrating allelic deletion of p53 in such malignancies. Twenty-four of 43 samples showed positive p53 immunostaining. All tumors harboring mis-sense mutations of p53 in conserved exons exhibited nuclear protein accumulation. The incidence of mutation in conserved exons in BQ/tobacco-associated Asian OSCCs (15%) is significantly different from worldwide OSCCs (46%) related primarily to tobacco consumption ( P =0.00001).     

Studies on the Novel Gene Diagnosis and Therapy Targeting p27 and Its Related Factors for Oral Malignancies

p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, plays an important role in the negative regulation of the cell cycle during G1-S phases. In our laboratory, we examined expressions of p27 and related factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of p27 and its related factors in oral malignancies. Our studies demonstrated the following : 1. Reduced expression of p27 is observed in 87% of OSCCs and 84% of ACCs. 2. There is a strong correlation between reduced expression of p27 and poor prognosis of patients with OSCC and ACC. 3. Reduced expression of p27 in malignancies may be caused by post-translational ubiquitin-mediated degradation. 4. High expression of Skp2, an F-box protein specific to p27, is correlated with poor prognosis in OSCC and an inverse correlation between the expression of Skp2 and p27 was observed. 5. Proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis of OSCC cells through p27 accumulation. 6. Transfection of wild and degradation-resistant mutant types of the p27 gene inhibits the growth of OSCC cells. These results indicate that p27 and its related factors play important roles in the development of OSCC and can be novel therapeutic targets for oral malignancies as well as strong prognostic markers.     

Prognostic impact of p53 and p63 immunoexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The role of p53 and p63 proteins in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still debatable. Our aim here was to investigate the relationship between the immunoexpression of these proteins with some clinicopathologic parameters of prognostic significance in OSCC. METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 106 patients were used for study together with the following data: primary site, histologic differentiation, recurrences, metastasis, disease-free survival and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: In OSCCs, the positive rate for p63 protein immunoexpression (87.8%) was higher than p53 (52.8%). p53 expression correlated with metastasis. Tumors negative for p53 and with strong intensity for p63 expression had a significantly higher OS. CONCLUSIONS: p53 overexpression is associated with a larger number of metastases and is correlated with a poor outcome as well as decreased intensity in p63 immunoexpression.     

Relationship of p53 overexpression to other cell cycle regulatory proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Aberrations of the p53 gene and the overexpression of its protein are described in a variety of neoplasms, including oral and other head and neck cancers. Here we report the association of p53 (over)expression with a downstream cell cycle inhibitor p21/waf 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The loss of expression of p16 and p27, two other cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors, was also examined. In this panel of tumours, 10/24 carcinomas were p53-immunopositive. Heterogeneous expression of p21 and p27 was seen in 10/24 SCC and 9/16 SCC, respectively, and this was not correlated to p53 status. The expression of p21 and p27 in these SCCs suggests the existence of mechanisms by which some growing tumour cells may tolerate these cell cycle inhibitors; eight SCCs lacked expression of both inhibitors but only two of these cancers overexpressed p53, suggesting that accumulation of p21/p27 can be independent of the functional status of the p53 gene. Data do not support a clear example of a phenotype that shows an overexpression of p53 with downregulation of p21 or p27 leading to cell cycle alterations. Furthermore, only three SCCs were p16-negative and p53-positive. This suggests that these two tumour suppressors may act in separate pathways.     

口腔鳞状细胞癌和癌前病变中细胞周期相关蛋白p27表达的研究

目的研究口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中细胞周期相关蛋白p27的表达。方法采用免疫组织化学方法，研究p27、p53、MDM2（murine double minute）和p21蛋白在正常口腔黏膜、口腔白斑、红斑及OSCC共115例中的表达情况，探讨其表达水平的改变与Ki-67及相关临床病理指标的关系。结果p27蛋白在癌前病变和OSCC组中的阳性率分别为79．55％和81．25％。OSCC组p27蛋白表达强阳性率为70．83％（34／48），显著高于癌前病变组的31．82％（14／44）（P〈0．001）。p27蛋白高表达组其平均Ki-67阳性细胞百分率显著高于p27蛋白低表达组（P〈0．001）。OSCC组中，p27蛋白表达强度与p53和（或）MDM2的状态相关（P=0．034）。结论细胞周期调控分子p27、p53、MDM2和p21蛋白功能异常是口腔黏膜上皮发生癌变的重要因素之一。在口腔黏膜癌前病变和OSCC中普遍存在着上述一种或多种周期调控分子的异常，且不同调控分子之间也存在着互相调节、互相制约的关系。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌中COX-2、VEGF和EGFR的表达及意义

目的 研究环氧化酶-2（COX-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及相互关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测28例口腔鳞状细胞癌组织、15例正常口腔粘膜组织中COX-2、VEGF、EGFR蛋白的表达情况。结果 口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中COX-2的高表达率为60．71％，与正常口腔粘膜的表达比较有统计学意义，但与患者的性剐，年龄，肿瘤的部位及病理学分级无关（P〉0．05）。在口腔鳞状细胞癌中VEGF的阳性表达率为53．57％。EGFR高染表达率为67．86％，均与COX-2表达成正相关趋势（P〈0．05）。结论 COX-2蛋白可能在口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生发展中起作用。并且与VEGF、EGFR的表达成正相关趋势，VEGF、EGFR可能是COX-2在口腔鳞状细胞癌发生发展作用机制中的环节。