盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊冠脉介入治疗（PCI）的疗效及安全性。方法选择老年急性STEMI患者70例,按就诊顺序分为盐酸替罗非班组、对照组各35例。盐酸替罗非班组行PCI术前应用盐酸替罗非班[0.15μg/（kg.min）],持续泵入至术后36 h,对照组行常规PCI术。分别观察两组患者冠脉复流、出血事件及术后30 d内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果盐酸替罗非班组急诊PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组TIMI 3级血流发生率82.9%,两组比较P〈0.05;术后30 d两组MACE发生情况无明显差异;盐酸替罗非班不增加出血事件。结论老年急性STEMI急诊PCI联合应用盐酸替罗非班安全有效。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前冠状动脉内注射盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者术中TIMI血流的影响

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前冠状动脉内注射血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者术中TIMI血流的影响。方法入选北京大学首钢医院2005年4月至2007年8月急性STEMI冠状动脉造影（CAG）显示梗死相关血管（IRA）有血栓征象的患者67例,其中男性48例,女性19例,平均年龄57.4±8.1岁,随机分成试验组（PCI前冠状动脉内注射盐酸替罗非班＋PCI,n=35）与对照组（直接PCI,n=32）。收集所有病例的临床和CAG资料,对比两组患者PCI术中IRA的TIMI血流情况。结果试验组PCI术中无复流的发生率明显低于对照组（2.86%比18.75%,P〈0.05）,IRA远端栓塞发生率试验组明显低于对照组（0%比15.63%,P〈0.05）。结论急诊PCI前冠状动脉内缓慢注射盐酸替罗非班可以明显改善急性STEMI患者急诊PCI术中IRA远端的前向血流,降低无复流现象的发生率。     

冠脉内应用半量替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨冠脉内应用半量血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/ Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中的效果及安全性。方法 2012.1—2015.1入院的125例行急诊PCI的老年(>70岁)STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组62例和对照组63例,替罗非班组冠脉内注射小剂量盐酸替罗非班(5μg/kg),继而以0.075μg/(kg.min)由微量泵持续静脉泵入24小时,对照组不予应用。对比分析两组PCI术后IRA TIMI血流分级,校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)及心肌灌注分级(TMP),PCI术后30d主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血并发症。结果 PCI术后IRA TIMI 3级比例替罗非班组高于对照组(91.94% vs 79.37 %, P<0.05),CTFC亦显示替罗非班组低于对照组(22.79±5.75vs 31.36±4.72, P<0.05);心肌灌注分级TMP2级以上的比例替罗非班组高于对照组(74.19% vs 55.56%, P<0.05);出血并发症两组无显著性差异,MACE发生率替罗非班组低于对照组(6.45% vs 19.05%, P<0.05)。结论：老年STEMI患者急诊PCI术前冠脉内应用半量盐酸替罗非班可以迅速抑制血小板聚集,增加IRA TIMI血流分级,改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,而且不增加出血并发症,减少了MACE事件发生。     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死罪犯血管自发再通患者的疗效分析

目的:研究冠状动脉(冠脉)内注射替罗非班治疗在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)病变血管再通患者急诊PCI应用中的临床疗效。方法:选取火箭军总医院2012-1-2016-01收治的STEMI患者,经冠脉造影证实病变血管再通并行急诊PCI患者191例,分为替罗非班组(108例)及对照组(83例)。替罗非班组患者在常规PCI操作基础上,给予冠脉内注射替罗非班10μg/kg。比较两组患者病变相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流分级和手术成功率,进一步随访观察2组患者30d及12个月心血管不良事件发生率(MACE)及出血事件,并通过超声心动图评估心脏功能及结构。结果:对于IRA再通的STEMI患者,冠脉内注射替罗非班可以显著促进PCI术后IRA血流恢复,减少术后早期及晚期心力衰竭的发生,不增加出血事件,减少平均住院天数。心脏超声结果发现,冠脉内注射替罗非班显著提高患者远期心脏功能。结论:对于IRA自发再通的STEMI患者,直接冠脉内注射替罗非班能够提高心肌再灌注,增加心脏功能,改善患者预后,安全可行。     

冠脉内小剂量替罗非班联合血栓抽吸治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死疗效观察

目的 评价冠脉及静脉内小剂量注射替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓抽吸对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）梗死相关血管血流及预后的影响.方法 选择诊断为STEMI、接受直接PCI治疗患者133例,随机分为冠脉及静脉内注射小剂量血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa（GPⅡb/Ⅲa）受体拮抗剂替罗非班联合冠脉内血栓抽吸组（治疗组,67例）和常规PCI联合静脉内大剂量替罗非班组（对照组,66例）.评估两组PCI前后梗死相关血管TIMI血流分级、心肌灌注情况、术后90天主要心血管事件（MACE）及术后出血情况.结果 两组血管开通率均为100%,与对照组比较,治疗组无复流减少,心肌灌注情况改善、90天MACE下降（2.9% vs.12.1%,P＜0.05）.而围术期出血发生率无明显差异.结论 冠脉及静脉内小剂量注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸可有效改善STEMI患者梗死相关血管的血流,改善患者预后,并具有较好的安全性.     

替罗非班对老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI预后的影响

目的 探讨替罗非班对老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）临床预后的影响.方法 84例接受急诊PCI治疗的高龄ST段抬高急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者,随机分为替罗非班常规冠脉内注射的治疗组（42例）和出现无复流、慢血流时替罗非班冠脉内注射的对照组（42例）.观察住院期间及随访3个月主要心血管事件（心源性死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、心绞痛）发生率;比较PCI术前后冠状动脉TIMI血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）和出血情况.结果 PCI术后,治疗组和对照组均能明显改善冠脉灌注（P〈0.05）,治疗组和对照组比较,冠状动脉前向血流TIMI 3级比例差异无统计学意义,而CTFC、TMPG 2～3级比例治疗组均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）.治疗组和对照组比较,心血管事件发生率无显著差异,住院期间出血并发症比较,治疗组总体要高于对照组.结论 急诊PCI联合替罗非班治疗老年STEMI时,替罗非班常规冠脉内注射可改善冠状动脉梗死相关动脉前向血流,不能降低30 d内心血管事件的发生率,非主要的出血并发症有增高趋势.     

血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对ST段抬高型患者无复流和心功能的影响

目的探讨替罗非班冠状动脉给药联合血栓抽吸与替罗非班静脉给药对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者直接冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后冠脉灌注和心功能的疗效差异。方法纳入2008年2月～2012年4月STEMI患者86例（TIMI血流≤1级）,随机分为实验组（n=43）和对照组（n=43）。对照组术前即开始静脉应用替罗非班,实验组则在PCI术中直接向梗死相关动脉（IRA）注射替罗非班并联合血栓抽吸。比较两组患者术后TIMI血流分级,检测术前、术后1周及6个月的血浆N-端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平并采用超声心动图测定左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期容积指数（LVEDVI）;评价心功能并观察术后6个月内两组患者心血管事件的发生率。结果①实验组术后达到TIMI血流3级比例高于对照组（92.90%vs.66.17%,P〈0.05）;②术后1周及术后6个月实验组和对照组比较,NT-proBNP水平均显著下降（P〈0.01）,LVEF显著升高（P〈0.05）,LVESV、LVEDV、LVEDVI显著减少（P〈0.05）;③术后6个月内实验组心绞痛、心力衰竭等心血管事件发生率显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论 PCI术中IRA注射替罗非班联合血栓抽吸较静脉注射替罗非班可降低急诊PCI术中无复流的发生,改善血流再灌注,提高整体预后。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗单纯冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的疗效及安全性

目的比较直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）前（急诊室）早期静脉负荷/维持应用和单纯术中冠状动脉（冠脉）内注射替罗非班对PCI术后即刻心肌灌注及术后30 d主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析707例连续性急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）接受直接PCI患者,其中PCI时单纯冠脉内注射替罗非班（25μg/kg）86例（观察组）,急诊室开始应用替罗非班[静脉负荷10μg/kg,随后0.15μg/（kg·min）静脉维持]239例（对照组）。比较两组一般临床资料、造影特征、介入治疗、术后30 d MACE及出血事件发生率。结果观察组患者年龄[（63.8±11.4）岁比（57.9±8.8）岁,P=0.01]、女性（40.7%比25.1%,P=0.006）、高血压（58.6%比51.0%,P=0.005）及多支冠脉病变（57.0%比34.3%,P〈0.001）比例高于对照组。术前两组冠脉罪犯血管分布和TIMI血流相似;术后即刻,两组TIMI血流、心肌灌注分级（TMP）比较,差异均无统计学意义（P=0.66、P=0.48）。住院期间,观察组TIMI微出血发生率明显低于对照组（2.3%比9.6%,P=0.03）,两组院内MACE发生率和术后30 d无MACE生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P=0.72、P=0.48）。结论与早期静脉负荷及维持应用替罗非班相比,急诊PCI时单纯冠脉内注射替罗非班对患者术后30 d临床预后作用相似,但院内出血事件更少。将来仍需前瞻性临床随机试验进一步验证研究结论。     

冠状动脉使用替罗非班对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后的影响

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后TIMI血流、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白(TnT)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法:将164例入选的行急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为冠脉使用替罗非班组(冠脉组,84例)和静脉使用替罗非班组(静脉组,80例),在急诊PCI术前及完成后测定梗死相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流,在发病12、24h采静脉血查CK-MB及TnT。观察PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落情况,观察PCI术后3d出血事件。随访30d记录MACE。结果:与静脉组比较,冠脉组明显改善PCI术后IRA的TIMI血流[(2.95±0.17)∶(2.84±0.22),P0.05],明显降低12、24h时的CK-MB与TnT水平(均P0.05),明显增加PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落70%的例数(P0.05)。两组术后出血事件及30dMACE没有显著差异。结论:对于行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,与静脉使用替罗非班比较,冠脉使用替罗非班可有效改善心肌灌注,减小心肌梗死面积。     

急性ST心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中冠脉注射替罗非班对vWF水平与冠脉血流关系的影响

目的探讨急性ST心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对血管性血友病因子(v WF)与冠状动脉心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验(TIMI)血流关系及其影响。方法选取72例首次确诊STEMI冠状动脉梗死相关动脉(IRA)TIMI≤1级行急诊PCI的患者,将其分为实验组和对照组,各36例。两组患者均成功置入支架,其中实验组梗死相关动脉开通前冠状动脉内注射盐酸替罗非班,对照组常规静脉使用盐酸替罗非班,比较两组术后TIMI血流分级,PCI术前后IRA局部血浆v WF的水平。结果实验组患者急诊支架置入术后TIMI血流3级34例、对照组27例,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);支架置入后冠状动脉病变处血浆v WF浓度:实验组(138.56±1.08)μg/L、对照组(158.72±1.26)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 STEMI患者急诊PCI冠脉注射替罗非班可以明显降低v WF的表达及释放,改善冠脉血流状况。PCI患者术后发生无复流与术前v WF水平有一定关系。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.