综合视觉电生理检测对白内障术后视功能恢复的评估

目的 评价术前综合视觉电生理检测在判断白内障手术视功能预后中的作用。方法 白内障患者３１５例（４０８眼）术前常规检测图形翻转视觉诱发电位（ＰＶＥＰ）、红蓝光视网膜电图（ＦＥＲＧ）和视网膜电图的振荡电位（ＯＰｓ）。正常对照组１６２例（２６６眼）。术后检查眼底,术后３ｍｏ查矫正视力。结果 术后矫正视力≥０．５（Ⅰ组）和〈０．５（Ⅱ组）者与对照组相比,术前ＰＶＥＰ的Ｐ１００波振幅均下降、潜伏期均延长,后     

增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变玻璃体血管内皮生长因子的表达

我们以裂孔源性视网膜脱离的增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变 (ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ ,ＰＶＲ)、眼外伤ＰＶＲ为研究对象 ,对其玻璃体血管内皮生长因子 (ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ ,ＶＥＧＦ)进行定量测定 ,研究ＶＥＧＦ在ＰＶＲ中的表达情况 ,分析ＶＥＧＦ在ＰＶＲ中的作用。一、研究对象1 患者组 :选择孔源性视网膜脱离、眼外伤合并ＰＶＲ并行玻璃体切除术治疗的患者 37例。其中孔源性视网膜脱离ＰＶＲ 2 2例 ,男 16例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 2 1～ 5 2岁 ,平均 (36 14±…     

晶体玻璃体视网膜联合手术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体视网膜手术（ｖｉｔｒｅｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＶＲ术）联合晶体切除／超声粉碎的效果。方法对８１例（８１只眼）应用晶体玻璃体视网膜联合手术（ｌｅｎｔｉｃｕｌａｒ－ｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＬＶＲ术）治疗的复杂性视网膜脱离进行回顾性分析。结果解剖性成功者６４只眼（７９．０１％），功能性成功者４５只眼（５５．５６％）；手术成功率显著降低的原因是前部增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｖｉｔｒｅｏ－ｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＰＶＲ）（成功率４２．８６％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和术中／术后眼内出血（成功率５８．８２％，Ｐ＜０．０２５）。结论ＬＶＲ术是治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的主要方法；显著影响手术预后的因素是前部ＰＶＲ和术中／术后眼内出血。     

玻璃体状态与黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的术式选择

我们根据玻璃体后界膜状态对２４例黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离分别采用市同术式进吁治疗。①伴玻璃体后脱离（ＰＶＤ）者行玻璃体注气术；②伴玻璃体视网膜异常粘连者行玻璃本切除术；③伴周边部裂孔者，先封周边孔，不能复位时再根据是否伴ＰＶＤ选择术式。本文怪出针对玻璃体后界膜与后极部视网膜异常粘连、牵拉，形成黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离这一发商机制，制定治疗方案。术后追踪６－２０个月，２４例中２３例视网膜复位占９５．８％，视力恢复至０．０２－０．４。     

复杂性视网膜脱离的玻璃体切除术联合SF6或硅油填充的手术复…

对增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＰＶＲ）的孔源性视网膜脱离、巨大裂孔和黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离、眼球穿通伤性视网膜脱离以及视网膜血管性疾患引起的牵拉合并裂孔性视网膜脱离计２１５例，分别进行了首次或再次玻璃体切除手术并对术中使用ＳＦ６或硅油填充的复位率进行了比较。结果显示，在ＰＶＲ视网膜脱离Ｃ期、巨大裂孔性视网膜脱离合并ＰＶＲＣ２期以下改变以及黄     

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体中血管内皮细胞生长因子含量…

检测增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体中血管内皮细胞生长因子的含量并与正常人进行对比研究，探讨了ＶＥＧＦ在ＰＤＲ病理过程中的作用。应用酶联免疫吸附测定法对７例正常人及１９例ＰＤＲ患者玻璃体中的ＶＥＧＦ进行定量分析研究。结果７例正常人玻璃体中，ＶＥＧＦ的含量为０．１８－０．６０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，平均值为０．３５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

过氟丙烷对兔眼视觉电生理和超微结构的影响

目的研究玻璃体腔中过氟丙烷气体对兔眼电生理和视网膜结构的影响。方法８只兔眼玻璃体内注入Ｃ３Ｆ８０．３ｍｌ，观察了术后ｄ３和ｄ７ＥＲＧ－ｂ波和视觉层诱发电位（ｖｉｓｕａｌｅｖｏｋｅｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ，ＶＥＰ）的振幅以及视网膜结构的变化。结果在注气后ｄ３视网膜电流图（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｇｒａｍ，ＥＲＧ）－ｂ波明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），ｄ７恢复正常（Ｐ＞０．０５），ＶＥＰ振幅无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），在ｄ４气体可达到最大膨胀体积，膨胀的气体形成一个占据８０％以上玻璃体腔的空腔，玻璃体被压缩成一薄层附于视网膜表面，２只眼晶体轻度混浊，视网膜无明显结构损害。结论玻璃体内注入Ｃ３Ｆ８可形成一个较大的空腔，为进行玻璃体内药物灌注和玻璃体大量积血等实验提供了良好的实验模型。     

人玻璃体膜及视网膜前膜免疫组化研究

目的 鉴定人玻璃体膜及视网膜前膜的细胞成分。方法 对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（ＰＶＲ）１２例和外伤性ＰＶＲ８例患者经玻璃体手术取出的增生膜标本,用鼠抗人角蛋白、波形蛋白、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）和ＣＤ１４等４种单抗做免疫组织化学ＡＢＳ法染色并观察。结果 １２例ＰＶＲ膜抗角蛋白染色均为阳性,６例抗ＧＦＡＰ阳性,１０例抗ＣＤ１４阳性;８例外伤性ＰＶＲ膜２例抗角蛋白染色阳性,７例抗ＧＦＡＰ阳性,３     

Ⅱ型增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者行玻璃体切除术的时机与术后视力分析

目的探讨Ⅱ型增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变合并严重玻璃体出血或合并血管纤维增殖引起的视网膜牵拉及牵拉性视网膜脱离情况下,进行玻璃体切除术的手术时机。方法对６４例（７８只眼）Ⅱ型增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变行玻璃体切除术的患者,按术前出血时间和视网膜病变程度各分为两组,进行术后视力恢复情况的比较。结果术后９个月,视力为０．３以上者,在术前出血时间≤６个月组为４２．１％,而在术前出血时间＞６个月组为５．３％,两组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后１年,获得０．５以上视力者,在术前出血时间≤６个月组为３５．７％,而在术前出血时间＞６个月组为７．１％,两组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）;术后获０．３以上视力者,在单纯玻璃体出血合并或不合并局部牵拉性视网膜脱离组为３５．７％,而在大面积牵拉性视网膜脱离组为１６．７％,两组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ⅱ型糖尿病患者发生玻璃体出血,应早期手术治疗。对出血时间长、牵拉性视网膜脱离严重的患者,也不应放弃手术治疗。     

增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的玻璃体手术治疗

目的 评估玻璃体手术治疗增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的疗效。方法 Ｃ２级以上ＰＶＲ合并视网膜脱离２１眼，特发性ＰＶＲ１４眼，外伤性ＰＶＲ７组，Ｃ级９眼，Ｄ级１２眼，均作常规玻璃体切除术联合环扎、膜剥离、视网膜切开、气体或硅油填充等附加术式。结果随访２～９个月，视网膜复位１５眼（７８．９％），视力提高２０眼（９５．２％）。４眼手术失败，均系ＰＶＲ再次复发所致。结论 现代玻璃体手术是治疗严重ＰＶＲ的理想术     

The role of visual evoked potential and electroretinography in the preoperative assessment of osteo‐keratoprosthesis or osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis surgery

Purpose: To determine the value of electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) in predicting visual outcome in patients undergoing osteo‐keratoprosthesis (OKP) or osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP) surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 143 eyes in 101 patients who underwent OKP or OOKP surgery. The subjects underwent ERG, VEP testing or both up to 6 months prior to surgery. The ERG and VEP results were classified into four categories based on wave amplitude, latency and configuration. The main outcome was the maximum best‐corrected visual acuity (maxBCVA) reached at any time postoperatively. Results: One hundred thirty‐four cases had undergone preoperative ERG, 82 VEP and 73 both examinations. The sensitivities of ERG and VEP to detect maxBCVA ≥ 0.05 were 68.5% and 87%, respectively, while the specificity was 63.2% for ERG and 47.4% for VEP. The maxBCVA was significantly better in patients with normal ERG (p = 0.033) and those with normal VEP (p = 0.048), once having defined appropriate normal and abnormal cut‐off levels. When comparing fellow eyes in patients who underwent surgery in both eyes, maxBCVA was better in the eyes that had better VEP results (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Eyes demonstrating normal ERG or VEP achieved better visual outcome than those with abnormal results. In addition, VEP proved instrumental in determining the eye with the best prognosis when comparing both eyes of a given patient.     

Comparison of preoperative retinometer values with postoperative visual acuity after surgery of epiretinal membranes

BACKGROUND: We report about our clinical experience when comparing the preoperative retinometer values with the postoperative visual acuity after microsurgical excision of epiretinal membranes (ERM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling was performed in 56 eyes of 53 patients. Preoperatively, we obtained the distant and near visual acuity and the retinometer value. Postoperatively, we compared the preoperative retinometer value to the best postoperative visual acuity. RESULTS: The preoperative retinometer value was in 39 eyes (70 %) equal to the best postoperative distant visual acuity (+/- 1 line) and in 34 eyes (61 %) equal to the best near visual acuity (+/- 1 line). A difference of + 2 or - 2 lines or more from the retinometer value was found in 17 eyes (30 %) for the best postoperative distant visual acuity and in 22 eyes (39 %) for the best near visual acuity. 49 eyes (87.5 %) had a better visual acuity after pars plana vitrectomy, 6 eyes (10.7 %) had equal visual acuities and one eye (1,8 %) was worse than the preoperative visual acuity. The average improvement of vision after the operation was + 2.5 lines for the distant and + 2.4 lines for the near visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative retinometer examination is a precise method for obtaining the visual acuity of patients selected for pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Uncertain results can be achieved in eyes with very opaque ERM and ERM with macular edema.     

Radial optic neurotomy for ischemic central retinal vein occlusion

INTRODUCTION: Occlusion of the central retinal vein (CRVO) is the second most frequent cause for blindness in the course of pathological changes of the vascular system. Vitreous haemorrhages and neovascular glaucoma are known as serious complications. Clinically accepted guidelines for treating CRVO do not exist up to now. In this report our results after radial optic neurotomy (RON) of patients suffering from CRVO associated with visual deterioration are summarised. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 78 patients (mean age 68 year, gender: 41 male, 37 female) with visual acuity of 0.2 or worse were treated with RON. Mean follow-up was 13 months. 35 patients underwent previously haemodilution treatment without success. Visual acuity tests, fluorescein angiographic appearance, OCT and postoperative complications were analysed, in 47 % additionally VEP, ERG and the visual field were evaluated. RON was carried out by conventional pars plana vitrectomy. Neurotomy was performed at the nasal side of the optic disc in all cases. Neither ILM peeling nor gas tamponade was used. Follow-up examinations were carried out after 2 and 4 weeks, after 3 and 6 months and after 3 years. RESULTS: Improvement of morphological parameters could be registered in 95 % of our patients by means of fluorescein angiography or OCT. Visual acuity improved in 81 % and worsened in 10 %. After 6 months patients with non-ischaemic CRVO had a significantly better visual acuity compared to patients with ischaemic CRVO. A retino-choroidal anastomosis could be observed in 38 (48 %) eyes, all these patients experienced visual improvement. The results of VEP and ERG showed partial recovery in all cases. A temporal visual field defect occurred postoperatively in 95 % of our patients. CONCLUSION: Visual acuity of patients suffering from non-ischaemic CRVO with low preoperative visual acuity and short history may improve after RON. Frequent complications were temporal field defects and vitreous haemorrhage. Further randomised studies are necessary to compare these results after RON with other alternative therapeutic procedures, for example, intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors.     

Preoperative electroretinogram for predicting postoperative visual function of vitrectomy

Vitrectomy was performed on 17 patients [19 eyes] who had dense vitreal opacity and precluding inspection of the ocular fundus. The preoperative visual acuity was light perception to 0.1, the postoperative visual acuity was 0.03 to 0.9. The preoperative electroretinogram [ERG] was tested on all patients. The correlation of the amplitudes of the ERG b-wave to the postoperative visual acuities were statistically analysed. The results showed that there was positive correlation of the amplitude of the preoperative scotopic bright ERG b-wave to postoperative visual acuity [r = 0.7709, p less than 0.01], and positive correlation of the amplitude of the preoperative photopic ERG b-wave to the visual acuity [r = 0.8086, p less than 0.01]. It suggests that the bigger amplitude of the preoperative ERG b-wave was, the better postoperative visual acuity was improved. Thus, the preoperative ERG could predict the outcome of vitrectomy in various ocular diseases with vitreal opacities and very low visual acuity.     

玻璃体切割联合手术治疗严重眼外伤的临床观察

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合手术治疗严重眼外伤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院自2011-01以来收治的经玻璃体切割联合手术治疗的严重眼外伤患者30例31眼。结果：患者31眼中术后视力提高24眼,术前无光感12眼中术后视力不变2眼,光感2眼,手动3眼,指数4眼,1眼恢复为0.1;6眼球内异物的异物取出率为100%,炎症控制好;18眼复杂视网膜脱离,15眼成功复位,视网膜复位率为83%;14眼外伤性白内障或晶状体脱位,玻璃体手术后12眼行人工晶状体植入术,晶状体植入率为86%。结论：严重眼外伤包括术前无光感眼,经过恰当的玻璃体手术联合相应的治疗措施,可以最大限度保留患者的眼球及挽救患者的视功能。     

Different outcome among eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy indicated for vitrectomy

PURPOSE: The postoperative outcome was evaluated in each group of surgical indications of vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), to investigate the factors responsible for postoperative visual prognosis. METHODS: Primary vitrectomy was performed in 119 eyes of 92 patients with PDR. Average postoperative follow-up period was 19 months. The indications for vitrectomy included vitrous hemorrhage in 58 eyes, macular tractional retinal detachment in 17 eyes, extramacular tractional retinal detachment in 10 eyes, macular heterotopia in 11 eyes, and progressive fibrovascular proliferation in the posterior fundus in 23 eyes. RESULTS: The visual acuity finally improved by 2 lines or more in 91 eyes (77%), remained unchanged in 10 eyes (8 %), and decreased by 2 lines or more in 18 eyes (15%). Final postoperative visual acuity was significantly better in cases of vitreous hemorrhage or progressive fibrovascular proliferation in the posterior fundus than in others. Preoperative rubeosis iridis and macular tractional retinal detachment were probably responsible for the final visual impairment, and intraocular tamponade affected the difference in visual prognosis between the groups of surgical indication. Multivariate analysis in all cases revealed that factors influencing visual outcome were preoperative rubeosis iridis and anemia. CONCLUSION: Rubeosis iridis and macular tractional retinal detachment were prognostic factors of the surgery. Vitrectomy for PDR may be effective in improving postoperative visual acuity if performed in the early stage of progressive fibrovascular proliferation in the posterior fundus after sufficient retinal photocoagulation.     

Repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy

PURPOSE:: To evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repairs performed using 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. METHODS:: A retrospective, noncomparative interventional case series including 53 consecutive eyes of 52 patients who underwent 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy to repair primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was performed. Variables collected for the study were patient demographics, lens status, preoperative visual acuity, and macular status. Outcome measures included single-operation anatomical success rate, final anatomical success rate, postoperative visual acuity, and surgical complications. RESULTS:: The retina was reattached with a single operation in 39 (74%) of 53 eyes. The final anatomical success rate was 100%. The mean time to redetachment was 72 days (range, 13-334 days). Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (64%) and development of new retinal breaks (43%) were the most common reasons associated with redetachment. Mean visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/60 (P = 0.001); 55% of eyes had final vision of 20/40 or better. Three eyes (6%) developed postoperative choroidal hemorrhage. Three eyes (6%) developed visually significant macular pucker that required surgery. No postoperative hypotony or endophthalmitis was observed. CONCLUSIONS:: Repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments using 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy resulted in excellent final anatomical success rate and postoperative visual outcomes. However, redetachments due to new tears and/or proliferative vitreoretinopathy resulted in a lower single-operation success rate than those reported with 20-gauge systems.     

玻璃体切除术前预测术后视力的研究

目的:探讨预测玻璃体视网膜病变患者行玻璃体切除术后视功能的方法。方法:采用术前光定位、辨色力和视觉电生理检查方法,评估24例各种原因所致玻璃体出血或混浊,眼底不能窥入的患者行玻璃体切除术后视功能情况。分别将术前光定位、辨色力和闪烁光VEP,常规闪光ERG结果与患者术后3wk最佳矫正视力进行相关性分析。结果:玻璃体出血或混浊术后视力与术前光定位、辨色力无相关性,与闪烁光VEP的振幅具有显著相关性,r=0.591,P=0.008。与术前明视白光ERG的a,b波振幅具有较显著相关性,r=0.549,0.495,P=0.015,0.031。结论:术前光定位和辨色力不能判定玻璃体切除术后的视功能情况,术前闪烁光VEP和明视白光ERG可以对术后视力进行准确预测。     

Multifocal ERG changes before and after macular hole surgery

To evaluate the visual function of 15 eyes suffering from macular hole the multifocal ERG was used pre and postoperatively. In all the cases a successful vitrectomy has been done with macular hole closure in all the eyes. The Multifocal ERG shows an improvement of retinal response density in regions 1 and 2, even in the 2 eyes with unchanged visual acuity postoperatively. Although a relationship exist between the postoperative retinal response density and the visual acuity, the retinal response density varies between eyes with the same visual acuity.     

Vitrectomy results in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

To evaluate the effectiveness of vitrectomy on eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). · METHODS: A total of 139 eyes of 93 cases with PDR underwent vitrectomy and were followed up for 3-24 months (16.72±8.53 months; mean±SD). The visual acuity and the factors causing recurrence of operation were analyzed. · RESULTS: The visual acuity was improved in 98 eyes (70.50%) after vitrectomy. The mean postoperative visual acuity was significantly better than the mean preoperative visual acuity. The main reasons for the failure of operation were retinal detachment and maculopathy. · CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that vitrectomy is generally an effective procedure in treating PDR