城乡家鼠型出血热危险因素研究

对城市60例和农村54例家鼠型出血热病例作1:1配对病例对照研究。经单因素配对分析和多元 Logistic 模型拟合,表明城区居民罹患本病的高危因素是接触鼠及其污染衣物、沟田边坐卧、家里或工作场所鼠患和蚤叮咬;而农村居民的高危因素则是手足皮肤破伤、接触家鸡、沟田边坐卧和吃鼠污染食物.提示城乡居民感染本病病毒的途径有所不同,在预防工作中应予注意.     

中国北方地区严重急性呼吸综合征社区内传播的影响因素研究

目的探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)在社区内传播的影响因素。方法以北京、太原和内蒙古在社区内造成传播的48例SARS病例为病例组,以相同性别、年龄相差不超过5岁为配比条件,按照1∶1比例,以未在社区内造成传播的SARS病例为对照组,进行配对的病例对照研究。资料分析应用SAS软件完成。结果Logistic回归分析,病例在社区居留天数和接触人数是SARS社区内传播独立的危险因素,病例戴口罩是防止SARS社区内传播的保护因素,不戴口罩的调整OR值为5.53(1.55~19.79)。结论社区内出现SARS病例时应尽早住院隔离治疗,在被收住院之前采取保护性的措施有助于防止社区内的传播。     

蒙医治疗小儿传染病民间验方

一、治疗小儿百日咳 1、鸡胆拌白糖:将鸡胆弄破后与白糖适量搅拌,然后放在锅内煮或蒸熟后吃。一岁小儿三天吃一个(现吃现做),两岁小儿两天吃一个,三岁以上小儿一天吃一个鸡胆。如果没有鸡胆,可用其它畜牲胆,如猪、牛、羊胆代替,用量酌减。     

深圳市宝安区户籍人口肝吸虫感染危险因素调查

目的探索宝安地区肝吸虫感染的危险因素,为制定适合本地的防制策略提供参考。方法采用多级整群抽样法对宝安区居民进行肝吸虫血清学监测,并利用病例对照研究方法分析肝吸虫感染危险因素。结果共抽查856人,阳性32人,阳性率为3.74%。各年龄组感染率差别有统计学意义;性别及学历组感染率差别无统计学意义。病例对照研究表明生吃或半生吃海鱼、生吃或半生吃淡水鱼、食用生鱼粥、生吃或半生吃淡水虾、有过抓生鱼虾后不洗手就抓食物吃的行为、用盛过生鱼虾的器皿不洗干净就盛熟食以及用切过生鱼的刀及砧板不洗就切熟食是当地引起感染的危险因素。结论引起本地区肝吸虫感染增高的主要原因是由于个人或家庭的饮食和卫生行为习惯不良而造成。     

舌癌发病危险因素的病例对照研究

采用病例对照研究方法对舌癌发病危险因素进行了分析。结果显示：患口腔粘膜白斑、口腔有牙残根、喜吃辛辣和烧烤食物是舌癌发病的主要危险因素；常吃新鲜水果有助于减少舌癌的发生     

含有激素的食物会引起性早熟吗

问：最近报纸经常说现在的鸡是用激素养大的，我小孩很喜欢吃鸡蛋，天天都吃，不知道这种激素喂大的鸡下的蛋是否含有激素，要是有的话，小孩经常吃是不是很容易早熟？     

舌癌发病危险因素的病例对照研究

采用病例对照研究方法对舌癌发病危险因素进行了分析。结果显示：患口腔粘膜白斑、口腔有牙残根、喜吃辛辣和烧烤食物是舌癌发病的主要危险因素；常吃新鲜水果有助于减少舌癌的发生。     

肝炎患者不能吃鸡和鸡蛋吗?

长期以来在肝炎患者中流传着不能吃鸡和鸡蛋,否则会诱发肝炎.引起转氨酶升高的传言,所以有些肝炎患者也就不敢吃鸡和鸡蛋,改吃鸭和鸭蛋了。众所周知.慢性肝炎的特点就是反复发作,长期迁延.而患者由于不理解该病的特点,对反复发作的现象从害怕发展为恐惧。鸡和鸡     

胃癌死亡病例对照调查研究(逐步判别多用因素分析)

本文就80名胃癌死亡病例,对40项与胃癌发生有关的因素进行了回顾性的病例对照调查研究。少食豆腐、胃病史、进食速度快3个因素是胃癌发生有关的主要因素;粗粮为主食、少食胡萝卜、不用早餐、喜吃酸莱4项因素是与胃癌发生有关的次要因素。     

河南省农村地区胃癌危险因素的病例对照家系研究

目的:探讨河南农村地区胃癌发生的危险因素.方法:确定胃癌病例家系和对照家系各325户,每组1 010人,以家庭为单位入户面访方式收集人群资料.应用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归分析探讨不同因素对胃癌发病的影响.结果:胃不适症状、暴饮暴食、口味重、吃剩饭＞3次/周、精神刺激史等因素在病例家系与对照家系的分布中差异具有统计学意义.结论:胃不适症状、暴饮暴食、口味重、吃剩饭＞3次/周、精神刺激史等因素是病例家系成员发生胃癌的危险因素.     

Epidemiology of campylobacter diarrhoea

Campylobacter diarrhoea was diagnosed bacteriologically in 535 patients. Most of these patients required hospitalization, but no fatalities were recorded. The age-specific incidence of campylobacter enteritis showed a trimodal distribution. Overseas travel was a factor in 14% of all cases. Food, including "fast food", may be an important source of infection. Campylobacter enteritis was more prevalent during summer than winter. Campylobacter bacteraemia was detected in only four cases. Biotyping was performed on 285 of the strains that were isolated. Biotype analysis showed that there was a clustering of cases of certain biotypes, even though community-wide outbreaks were not recognized in the period of review.     

Electron microscopic appearance of the chronic Campylobacter jejuni enteritis of mice.

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of human enteritis which mimics the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, microstructural changes on the surfaces of the murine gastrointestinal tract persistently colonized by Campylobacter jejuni, strain GJ-S131, were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that the appearance of the gastrointestinal mucosa in both BALB/C and KM mice resembled that in human with inflammatory bowel disease. Under SEM, the mucosa of the jejunum and ileum, with broken or distorted villi had a "worm eaten" look; crypts were irregular in shape and size, and the mucosa showed atrophy, especially in the colon. Epithelial junctions demonstrated furrows, clefts or deep crevasses, with exudates containing a large number of leukocytes. Cytologic appearances were characterized by microvilli dysplasia and/or atrophy, patchy erosions or necrosis and pelade-like appearance due to absence of microvilli, which were similar to the findings under TEM.

     

Campylobacter enteritis in adult patients with acute diarrhea from 2005 to 2009 in Beijing, China

Background  There has been a marked global increase in the incidence of human Campylobacter enteritis in recent years. This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of Campylobacter enteritis in adult patients suffering from acute diarrhea.

Methods  This was a retrospective review of Campylobacter enteritis in adult patients with acute diarrhea presenting at Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing, China, in the summer and autumn (April to October) of 2005 to 2009. The data collected included the species of campylobacter identified, and the age, gender, clinical manifestations and results of laboratory test on stool samples collected from the patients. Campylobacter sensitivity tests to various antimicrobial agents were conducted on 80 specimens. Chi-square tests were applied using SPSS13.0 software and a two-sided P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results  Campylobacter spp. isolated from the stool specimens of 142 patients with diarrhea represented 14.9% of all the cases examined. C. jejuni was identified in 127 patients (89.4%) and C. coli in 15 others (10.6%). The infection incidence was highest in the age range of 21–30 years which comprised 21.7% of the total cases examined. Most cases of diarrhea (46 patients) occurred in June. Watery diarrhea (97.2%), abdominal pain (72.5%) and fever (64.8%) were the most common manifestations of enteric campylobacteriosis. Only four patients (2.8%) had bloody diarrhea. The antimicrobial resistance rates were: cefoperazone (100%), levofloxacin (61.3%), gentamicin (12.5%), erythromycin (6.3%), and azithromycin (2.5%).

Conclusions  Campylobacter was prevalent among adults with acute diarrhea from 2005 to 2009 in Beijing, China. The large number of those afflicted by the disease warrants the commission of a large multicenter study to determine the extent of enteric campylobacteriosis in this region.

     

Campylobacter enteritis in adult acute diarrhea patients in Peking, China, 2005-2009

Background and aim: There has been a marked increase in the incidence of human campylobacter enteritis worldwide in recent years. This study was carried out to investigate some epidemiological and clinical features of Campylobacter enteritis in adult acute diarrhea patients in a medicine centre in Peking,China. Methods: This was a retrospective review of campylobacter enteritis in adult acute diarrhea patients infected at Peking university first hospital, Peking, China, in the summer and autumn (April to October) from 2005 to 2009. Data collected include campylobacter species, age, gender, clinic manifestations and stool routine. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 60 isolations had been tested. Results: Campylobacter spp were isolated in stool specimens from 142 diarrhea patients, 14.9% of all. Campylobacter jejuni was grown from127 (89.4%),and Campylobacter coli was found in 15 patients (10.6%) . The infection incidence was highest in the age group 21-30 which was 21.7%.The most cases were occurred in June. Watery diarrhea(97.2%), abdominal pain(72.5%) and fever(52.8%) were the most common manifestations in enteric campylobacteroisis. Only 4(2.8%) patients had bloody diarrhea. The rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents were as follows: cefoperazone (100%), levofloxacin (60.0%), gentamicin (11.7%), rythromycin (6.7%), and azithromycin (1.7%). Conclusions: Campylobacter spp are prevalent among adult with acute diarrhea in Peking,ChinaA large multicenter study should be undertaken so that the extent of campylobacter infection in our setting can be established.     

Campylobacter infection in humans

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are now recognized as common bacterial cause of enteritis in humans. They infect the healthiest of persons resulting in a self-limiting diarrhoea often accompanied by mucus and blood in the stool. On the other hand C. fetus subsp fetus attacks otherwise debilitated persons whose body defences have been weakened by underlying conditions, and causes extragastrointestinal campylobacteriosis. C. pylori, which is able to survive in the stomach acid environment, is now widely considered to be associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer and non-duodenal ulcer, although its aetiologic role in the causation of the disease has not yet been established.     

Campylobacter as a cause of acute enteritis in children in South Australia. I. A 12-month study with controls

During a 12-month period, we tested faecal samples from 386 children with acute enteritis and 332 controls by light and electron microscopy, and by bacterial and viral culture for pathogens, especially to assess the importance of campylobacter. Campylobacter alone was responsible for the illness in 17 patients (5%), and was second to salmonella among the bacterial agents, which were predominant in summer. Overall, rotavirus was the commonest identifiable cause of acute enteritis and was especially important in winter (with a rate of 49% in August). Thirty-five patients showed two or more agents. In 117 patients (30%) no pathogen was isolated or identified, suggesting that there are as yet unidentified agents in acute enteritis.     

Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome. Immunoblot confirmation of the serological response

Immunoblot (Western blot) examination of the sera of 45 patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome demonstrated that between three and five immunoreactive bands that were characteristic of a recent Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli infection were present in 22 of these patients. The immunoblots paralleled the serological response that is found in campylobacter enteritis and confirmed the specificity of our previous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which indicates that antecedent C. jejuni/C. coli infection is common in patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome. We postulate that, under certain circumstances, demyelination is initiated by the leakage of campylobacter-specific antibody across the blood-nerve barrier.     

空肠弯曲菌肠炎季节分布的观察

本文报道对苏州地区空肠弯曲菌(CT)肠炎在不同季节发病情况的调查结果,自1983年1月～1984年12月,每月中旬收集腹泻患儿粪便标本100份,二年共采集2398份标本,共检出CT387株,总分离率为16.14％,其中郊县分离率为19.68％,市区为12.7％。调查表明苏州地区全年均有发病,冬季明显低于其它季节(10.3％),而春、夏、秋三季(19.7％,17.7％,16.8％)检出率相似。郊区各月份检出率明显高于市区,市区春季高于其它季节,但总的季节性分布不明显。     

Campylobacter enteritis presenting as an acute abdomen.

A case is reported of a young patient with Campylobacter enteritis who underwent first appendicectomy and then a laparotomy because of the severity of the pain and the marked abdominal signs.     

Guillain-Barré syndrome and Campylobacter jejuni: a serological study

The association between Campylobacter jejuni infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome was investigated serologically in a retrospective study of 56 patients admitted to this hospital over four years. Evidence of preceding C jejuni infection was found in 21 (38%) of these patients, indicating that C jejuni was the most common single identifiable pathogen precipitating the disease. Among those patients who had presented with preceding diarrhoea the serum antibody response was similar to that in uncomplicated C jejuni enteritis. Patients with serological evidence of preceding C jejuni infection manifested a significantly more severe form of the disease. In cerebrospinal fluid the predominant specific antibody class was IgG, and this was closely related to the serum titres of specific IgG. IgA and IgM specific antibodies were found only in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with recent C jejuni infection. These findings support the possibility that humoral immune factors are responsible for the neural damage and demyelination seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome.