内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗同时性多原发早期食管癌及癌前病变安全性和有效性分析

目的 分析内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗同时性多原发早期食管癌及癌前病变的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2014-06-01至2016-12-31复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心行ESD治疗的25例同时性多原发早期食管癌及癌前病变病人的临床资料,包括病灶大小、病理学检查结果、整块切除率、治愈性切除率、并发症及复发情况等。结果 22例病人同期切除多个病灶,3例病人分次切除病灶,其中1例病人6个月内分次切除4个病灶,每次2个。共切除54个病灶,切除标本49块,其中5块标本上有2个病灶。整块切除率100%,治愈性切除率为87%（47/54）。术后1例病人食管穿孔,2例食管狭窄,无其他并发症。2例病人接受术后放疗,2例病人同时接受术后放疗和化疗,1例病人追加传统外科手术治疗。中位随访时间为19.4（8.6~43.8）个月,1例病人局部复发,无手术相关性死亡,无淋巴结及远处转移。结论 ESD用于同时性多原发早期食管癌及癌前病变的治疗安全有效。对于早期食管癌病人行胃镜检查时,应格外警惕食管多原发病灶的可能。     

食管胃同时眭双原发癌的综合治疗分析（附8例报道）

目的探讨食管胃同时性双原发癌的综合治疗方法。方法对2006年10月至2013年2月期间江苏省中医院消化系肿瘤外科诊治的8例食管胃同时性双原发癌患者的治疗过程进行分析,探讨其综合治疗经验。结果8例食管胃同时性双原发癌患者均经胃镜活检病理学检查明确诊断。根据CT和超声内镜检查结果进行术前分期,T1a期以下的病灶行内镜下黏膜切除6例（食管癌4例,胃癌2例）,行手术切除1例（食管癌）;T2期及以上的病灶行术前新辅助放化疗、手术、术后辅助放化疗等8例（食管癌2例,胃癌6例）,行单纯手术切除1例（食管癌）。8例患者均获随访,随访时间为10～76个月,平均41.3个月。1例在术后7个月死亡,1例在术后20个月发现肿瘤转移,余6例患者随访期间均无复发和转移。结论应根据食管胃同时性双原发癌的不同病情制定个体化治疗方案,包括根治性胃食管癌切除术、内镜下黏膜切除术、术前新辅助放化疗、术后化疗等,过度追求手术治疗并不能取得理想的效果。     

同时性多原发大肠癌的诊断及治疗分析

目的探讨同时性多原发大肠癌的临床特点、误诊原因及治疗方法。方法对我院1984年6月~2004年6月收治的23例同时性多原发大肠癌病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组全部病人均行手术治疗,9例行直肠癌根治加结肠癌根治切除术,6例行直肠癌扩大根治切除术,4例行全结肠切除术,2例行肿物局部切除加右半结肠切除术,2例行肿物局部切除加左半结肠切除术。随访1~5年,仍健在14例,存活5年以上6例,3年以上11例,最长1例存活14年。结论术前行全结肠纤维结肠镜检查、术中全肠道探查及仔细检查切除的大肠标本是提高同时性多原发大肠癌诊断率的重要手段。通过积极、正确的手术治疗,同时性多原发大肠癌病人仍有较好的预后。     

食管多源癌的诊断与治疗

目的探讨食管多源癌的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2009年11月在四川大学华西医院行手术治疗的15例食管多源癌患者的临床资料,其中男14例,女1例,中位年龄62.5(48~75)岁。15例行手术治疗食管多源癌的患者中,行Sweet术式8例,左胸-左颈两切口4例,胸腹腔镜联合Mc Keown术式2例,开胸探查而未能切除肿瘤1例。结果术前确诊11例,术前确诊率为73.3%(11/15)。术后1例发生肺部并发症,3例发生吻合口瘘,围术期无死亡。除肿瘤未能切除的患者外,随访13例,随访5年,1年生存率61.5%(8/13)、3年生存率30.8%(4/13)、5年生存率15.4%(2/13)。第一病灶位置与预后关系密切,第一病灶位于胸上段的食管多源癌患者,其中5例顺利完成手术,吻合部位均在颈部,2例食管残端存在癌残留(R1),1年内死亡3例,无1例获得3年生存。第一病灶位于胸中、下段的9例食管多源癌患者均完成根治性切除,食管及胃残端均无癌残留(R0),1年生存率75.0%,3年生存率50.0%,2例获得5年长期生存。结论对于食管多源癌,如第一病灶位于胸中、下段,首选手术治疗。如第一病灶位于胸上段,不宜首选手术治疗,这类患者采用新辅助放化疗后再手术或直接采用其他治疗模式,这需要以后进一步研究比较。     

食管癌肉瘤22例临床病理分析

目的探讨食管癌肉瘤（ECS）的临床病理特征和外科治疗方法。方法总结分析22例食管癌肉瘤患者的临床资料。结果本组患者术前均经食管吞钡及食管镜检查，仅有1例（4．5％）术前活检确诊为癌肉瘤。所有病例均经左胸行食管肿瘤切除，20例行主动脉弓上食管胃吻合术，2例行弓下吻合。全组病例均完成手术，无手术死亡及近、远期严重并发症。术后病检均为ECS，瘤体主要成分为肉瘤者14例，主要为癌组织者8例；12例侵及黏膜下层，10例侵达食管肌层，未见侵犯纤维膜者；淋巴结转移率18．2％（4／22）；T1N0M012例，T2N0M06例，T2N1M04例。全组患者1、3、5年生存率分别为90．9％（20／22）、77.3％（17／22）、68．2％（15／22）。结论食管癌肉瘤术前确诊率低。其侵袭性不强，淋巴转移发生率较低，手术切除是主要治疗手段。     

管状吻合器在胸段食管癌切除胃代食管颈部吻合术中的应用研究

目的探讨管状吻合器在胸段食管癌切除胃代食管颈部吻合术中的技术方法,总结其应用经验。方法回顾性总结228例胸段食管癌患者的临床资料,其中77例行胸段食管癌切除食管胃颈部管状吻合器吻合术,151例行手工吻合术。结果术后吻合口瘘、乳糜胸、喉返神经损伤、胸胃排空障碍发生率两组无明显差异（P〉0.05）,但管状吻合器组手术吻合时间显著缩短（P〈0.05）,吻合口狭窄发生率明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论管状吻合器适用于多数胸段食管癌切除胃代食管颈部吻合术,吻合时间短,创伤小,术后并发症发生率低;但对于颈段食管直径过细、胃长度不足等情况更宜手工吻合。术中切除胃小弯制作管状胃可有效延长胃长度,对成功进行胸段食管癌切除胃代食管颈部管状吻合器吻合有帮助。     

食管癌和食管胃结合部癌术后复发与再发癌的手术疗效

目的 探讨食管癌和食管胃结合部癌术后复发与再发癌的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析2002年4月至2012年10月河北医科大学第四医院收治的15例食管癌和食管胃结合部癌术后复发或再发癌患者的临床资料.12例复发癌患者确诊距第1次手术平均时间为28个月(8～ 66个月),3例再发癌患者确诊距第1次手术平均时间为196个月(60 ～288个月).对吻合口局部复发患者,如果切除复发癌后残胃大小足够重建食管,则用残胃重建食管.复发癌切除后残余胃不足以重建食管或需同时进行全胃切除,则根据患者的身体状况采用结肠或空肠代食管.术后对所有患者每半年随访1次,随访时间截至患者死亡或2012年12月31日.术后2年内每半年进行1次胸腹部CT与上消化道造影检查,术后2年每年进行1次胸腹部CT与上消化道造影检查,对于可疑患者进行胃镜检查.根据患者第2次术后临床病理分期,采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存率,生存分析采用Log-rank检验.结果 15例手术患者中,10例贲门腺癌术后吻合口复发患者,4例行复发癌切除+残胃与食管胸内吻合术,4例行结肠代食管术,2例行空肠代食管术;3例贲门腺癌术后再发食管鳞癌患者,2例行肿瘤切除+结肠代食管术,1例行食管下段癌与残胃切除+食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;2例食管癌术后吻合口复发患者,行复发癌切除+颈部食管胃吻合术.患者平均手术时间为460 min(390～540 min);术中平均出血量为430 ml(200～700 ml);术后发生ARDS、肺部感染、颈部切口感染各1例;死亡2例,其中1例为突发心肌梗死,另1例为术后出现顽固性低蛋白血症合并肺部感染死亡;平均住院时间为29.5 d(25 ～36 d).15例再手术患者中,Ⅰa期1例、Ⅰb期1例、Ⅱa期4例、Ⅱb期4例、Ⅲa期5例.13例获得随访的患者中,6例Ⅰ、Ⅱa期患者中位生存时间为25个月,7例Ⅱb、Ⅲ期患者中位生存时间为16个月,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.91,P＜0.05).结论 食管癌、食管胃结合部癌术后复发与再发癌患者再手术治疗在技术上安全可行,可使患者生存获益.但再手术风险较大,要严格掌握手术适应证.     

早期颈段食管癌局部切除加食管端端吻合术

目的 探讨早期颈段食管癌局部切除加食管端端吻合治疗方式的可行性.方法 7例患者经胃镜证实为颈段食管鳞癌,病灶距门齿17～20 cm;病灶1.0～2.5 cm,均未侵及食管纵行肌层,术前PET/CT和胸部增强CT检查均未发现有胸内和颈部淋巴结转移征象,cT1-2N0M0.手术切缘距病灶≥1cm,切除范围3～5 cm,同时清扫颈部淋巴结,平均6.43枚/例,术后颈部石膏托固定,以防止吻合口张力.术后辅助放、化疗.结果 术后无严重并发症发生,平均住院14.5天.均健在,最长随访3年4个月,能进普食,无吻合口狭窄.结论 早期颈段食管癌局部切除加食管端端吻合大大减少手术创伤,提高患者生活质量,使患者能更好的接受术后辅助治疗,对早期颈段食管癌是一种可行、有效的治疗模式.     

综合治疗食管多原发癌22例

目的 探讨食管多原发癌的治疗策略及疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年3月至2011年3月间北京大学临床肿瘤医院胸外科收治的22例食管多原发癌患者的临床病理资料．并与同期、同一手术组收治的471例单发食管癌患者的预后进行比较。结果22例食管多原发癌手术采用剖胸食管切除者18例,经裂孔食管切除者4例;接受术前化疗者8例,术后化疗者15例,其中手术前、后均予化疗者6例。471例单发食管癌患者手术采用剖胸食管切除者423例,经裂孔食管切除者60例：接受术前化疗者148例,术后化疗者267例,其中手术前后均予化疗者101例。22例多原发癌患者3年生存率为41．9％．中位生存期为29．2个月：471例单发食管癌患者的3年生存率为54．7％,中位生存期46．8个月;两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．051）。结论食管多原发癌治疗效果较差：广泛的食管切除在此类患者中有重要的意义．同时辅以积极的全身综合治疗．     

胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗

目的 探讨胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗方式和效果。方法 对1972年至1998年间20例胃切除术后食管癌的手术治疗进行分析。结果 左、右后外开胸、上腹正中开腹及左颈3切口,食管癌切除、移植结肠至颈部与食管吻合,腹腔结肠与残胃吻合7例;胸腹联合切口,食管癌切除,将残胃、脾、胰体尾移入左胸内,行食管残胃弓上吻合,空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道3例;食管残胃弓上吻合,空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道4例;食管空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道4例;探查并行小肠造瘘术2例。本组食管癌切除率为90．0％（18／20）。总并发症为30．0％（6／20）。1、3、5年生存率分别为90．0％、64．3％和36．4％。结论 胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗需根据病变部位和病情选择手术方式。胸上段癌采用移植结肠代食管术,胸中、下段癌采用残胃及小肠代食管术,胸下段癌采用选择性小肠代食管术,其方法较为合理。残胃、脾、胰体尾移植入左胸内、食管癌切除、食管残胃吻合、空肠Roux-en-Y重建消化道可供临床作为一种新术式,值得推荐。     

Two cases of resected esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Two cases of resected esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma are described herein. Case 1, a 56-year-old man, had an ulcerous lesion of 6.5 cm in length, in the lower esophagus and a small skin tumor of 0.5 cm in diameter, in the forehead. Pathologic studies of both tumors revealed mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This case was therefore considered to be a primary tumor of the esophagus with skin metastasis. The patient was alive and well when last seen, 15 months after his operation. Case 2, a 66-year-old man, had a long ulcerous lesion of 9.0 cm in length, in the mid-thoracic and lower esophagus. The tumor had invaded the aorta and the membranous portion of the left main bronchus, and therefore complete resection was impossible. The patient died of mediastinal recurrence only 3 months after his operation in spite of postoperative irradiation. A review of the literature showed that this tumor has a much greater incidence of rapid recurrence and distant metastasis, regardless of treatment, than usual squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. In order to establish and accurate diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, alcian blue and/or mucicarmin staining of the endoscopic biopsy specimen should be performed if the tumor contains both glandular and squamous cell carcinoma.     

Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Report of a case

Primary malignant melanomas of the esophagus are rare neoplasms with aggressive behavior and tendency to lymphatic and hematogenous spread. We report on a patient affected with a primary amelanotic melanoma of the esophagus synchronous to a squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis and treated by subtotal esophagectomy. A 58-year-old woman presented with a three-month history of dysphagia, retrosternal pain and weight loss. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 3 cm, non pigmented, polypoid mass of the middle esophagus and biopsy was consistent with undifferentiated carcinoma. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a 0.5 cm, polypoid lesion of the right aspect of the epiglottis consistent with a squamous cell carcinoma. The esophageal neoplasm was treated by subtotal esophagectomy while the squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis was referred to radiotherapy 1 month after surgery. Microscopy showed diffuse proliferation of anaplastic cells with multiple mitotic figures, marked nuclei and multilobulated nucleoli. The neoplasm stained positive for HBM-45 antigen and S-100 protein. Tumor stage was pT1N0M0. Review of patient's medical history and exploration of skin and mucous membranes failed to reveal malignant lesions and definitive diagnosis was primary amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus. The patient died 16 months after surgery of disseminated disease. In conclusion the present case confirms that primary malignant melanomas of the esophagus have a dismal outcome even in cases of early-stage lesions amenable to surgical resection.     

多原发性大肠癌诊治(附33例报告)

目的 :总结多原发大肠癌的诊断和手术治疗经验。方法 :分析 33例多原发大肠癌的临床资料 ,其中同时性多发癌(SC) 19例 ,38个癌灶 ;异时性多发癌 (MC) 14例 ,计 2 9个癌灶 ,全组有 15例为大肠多发腺瘤 ,占 45 .5 %。结果 :SC术后生存 >5年 4例 ,<5年 15例。 MC自第 1癌手术后计算时间 ,生存 >10年 5例 ;>5年 4例 ,<5年 5例。第 2癌手术后生存 >5年 3例 ,<5年 10例 ,失访 1例。结论 :多原发大肠癌预后优于单发癌的复发和转移 ,因此要力求根治性切除。加强对大肠腺瘤的处理及随访 ,有助于及时发现和治疗多原发癌     

Two cases of resected esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Two cases of resected esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma are described herein. Case 1, a 56-year-old man, had an ulcerous lesion of 6.5 cm in length, in the lower esophagus and a small skin tumor of 0.5 cm in diameter, in the forehead. Pathologic studies of both tumors revealed mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This case was therefore considered to be a primary tumor of the esophagus with skin metastasis. The patient was alive and well when last seen, 15 months after his operation. Case 2, a 66-year-old man, had a long ulcerous lesion of 9.0 cm in length, in the mid-thoracic and lower esophagus. The tumor had invaded the aorta and the membranous portion of the left main bronchus, and therefore complete resection was impossible. The patient died of mediastinal recurrence only 3 months after his operation in spite of postoperative irradiation. A review of the literature showed that this tumor has a much greater incidence of rapid recurrence and distant metastasis, regardless of treatment, than usual squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. In order to establish and accurate diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, alcian blue and/or mucicarmin staining of the endoscopic biopsy specimen should be performed if the tumor contains both glandular and squamous cell carcinoma.     

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??Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for synchronous multiple primary early esophageal cancer and premalignant lesions SUN Di??SHI Qiang??XU Mei-dong??et al. Endoscopy Center??Zhongshan Hospital??Fudan University??Shanghai Center of Engineering Technology??Diagnosis and Treatment in Endoscopy??Shanghai 200032??China
Corresponding author??ZHONG Yun-shi??E-mail??zhong.yunshi@zs-hospital.sh.cn
Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for synchronous multiple primary early esophageal carcinomas and premalignant lesions. Methods The medical records of 25 patients who underwent ESD for synchronous multiple primary early esophageal carcinomas and premalignant lesions at Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital??Fudan University between June 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The data of lesion size??histopathology??completeness of resection??adverse events and tumor recurrence were analyzed. Results Among 25 patients??lesions were removed at the same time in 22 cases. Lesions were removed separately in 3 cases while 2 lesions were removed separately and in another case??4 lesions were removed in twice??2 lesions each time. Totally 54 lesions were removed and 49 specimens were achieved??5 of which had 2 lesions on. The en blot resection rate was 100% and the complete resection rate was 87% (47/54). Postoperative esophageal perforation occurred in 1 case and postoperative esophageal stricture occurred 2 cases. Two patients received postoperative radiotherapy, 2 patients received postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and 1 patients received surgery. The median follow-up time was 19.4 (8.6-43.8) months. There was 1 local recurrence??no metastasis or procedure-related death. Conclusion ESD is effective and safe treatment for synchronous multiple primary early esophageal cancer and premalignant lesions. When checking for the esophagus??multiple esophageal cancer need to be paid extraordinary attention.     

A case of mucosal esophageal carcinoma with a large intramural metastasis in the stomach

The prognosis of mucosal carcinoma of the esophagus is extremely good because of low frequency of lymphatic invasion compared with submucosal carcinoma. A 64-year-old male was admitted presented with dysphagia and weight loss. Roentgenogram and esophagoscopy revealed erosive lesions in the lower portion of the esophagus and a huge submucosal tumor that looked like the myosarcoma in the cardial portion. After total resection of thoracic esophagus and partial gastrectomy, esophagogastrostomy was done through the anterior thoracic route. During the operation, we found a few disseminative foci in the thoracic cavity (pl1) and direct invasion of cardial tumor to the celiac portion. Therefore, the operation was absolute by palliative. Histological examination of the resected specimen showed that the IIc-like lesion of the lower portion of the esophagus was a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invading the mucosa (mm), which was 2.0 x 1.6 cm in size, with marked lymphatic invasion, and intra-mural metastatic foci (7.0 x 5.0 cm) at the cardial portion. The patient died 3 months after the operation with mediastinal lymph node metastasis. In our 19 cases of resected mucosal carcinoma of the esophagus, lymphatic invasion was positive in 16%, and lymph node metastasis was positive in 16%, and intramural metastasis was in only one case. Frequency of intramural metastasis in esophageal carcinoma is about 10% in sm -a3 lesion, 5% in mm. In our experience, the prognosis of curatively resected mucosal carcinoma of the esophagus is generally good. We get long survivals, when curative operation is undergone, even if the lymphatic invasion is positive.     

Resection of carcinoma in the cervical esophagus following prior removal of a thoracic esophageal carcinoma — A case report—

We report herein, a rare case of a patient who, having undergone resection of a thoracic esophageal cancer, underwent removal of a cervical esophageal cancer, for which a free jejunal graft with microvascular anastomoses was utilized. The tumor in the cervical esophagus had originated from a second primary squamous cell cancer, which had occurred synchronously but had unfortunately escaped detection before the first operation. Due to the high incidence of other multicentric neoplasma or metastatic skip lesions accompanying esophageal carcinoma, careful evaluation during preoperative examinations in order to avoid overlooking another lesion, especially in the cervical portion of the esophagus is imperative.     

多环黏膜切除术治疗食管高级别上皮内瘤变的临床疗效

目的 探讨多环黏膜切除术（MBM）治疗食管高级别上皮内瘤变的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2011年4月至2012年10月河南宏力医院收治的24例食管高级别上皮内瘤变患者的临床资料.24例患者均行MBM,分析患者手术时间、病变切除及并发症情况.术后1、3、6、12个月分别复查胃镜.随访时间截至2013年4月.结果 24例患者共26个病灶均顺利完成MBM治疗（其中2例行2次MBM治疗）,平均手术时间为42 min.病灶长径为0.8 ～6.0 cm,平均3.1 cm,最宽占食管周径3/4.分别使用套扎环1～6发,平均4发.术中4例患者出现明显出血,经热火检钳电灼后出血停止,未并发食管穿孔.术后病理检查结果提示重度不典型增生22例,原位癌2例.术后随访6 ～ 24个月,22例患者愈合良好;1例患者（病变范围占食管周径3/4）术后1个月出现食管瘢痕狭窄,行内镜下球囊扩张治疗症状缓解;1例患者（2处病变,分2次完成手术）术后3个月复查胃镜示病变复发,再次活组织检查考虑鳞状细胞癌,遂行外科手术治疗,术后12个月复查胃镜未见狭窄及新生物.结论 MBM是内镜下切除食管高级别上皮内瘤变安全有效的治疗方法.但是切除病变范围不宜过大,对于病变范围超过食管周径3/4,多源病变不能一次性行MBM切除治疗的患者,术后容易出现食管狭窄及病变复发,应慎重选择.     

A case report of synchronous double cancer of the lung and esophagus

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our department with complaint of difficult swallowing. Upper gastrointestinal examination showed esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the middle thoracic esophagus was revealed histologically. Chest X-ray showed the atelectasis of the B-3 region of right upper lobe of the lung. Further examinations revealed histologically squamous cell carcinoma growing from B-3 bronchus. Finally, he was diagnosed as synchronous double carcinoma of the lung and the esophagus. Simultaneous operation was performed on May 20, 1988. First, right upper lobectomy of the lung and wedged resection of right main bronchus were performed. Esophagectomy and antesternal esophageal reconstruction using the gastric tube was added. The postoperative course was satisfactory without any severe complications. The synchronous double cancer of the lung and the esophagus is rare. Our case indicates that simultaneous resection of both cancer and esophageal reconstruction can be safely performed.