门脉海绵样变的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的：研究彩色多普勒在门脉海绵样变诊断中的应用,提高诊断的正确性。方法：对35例门静脉海绵燕变进行了彩色多普勒检查,先用两维图像显示肝门部结构、门脉主干及分支,以及周围侧枝血管回声,再用彩色多普勒显示血流方向、颜色。结果：根据形态学及超声表现可将门脉海绵样变分为三型：I型为肝外型;Ⅱ型为肝内型;Ⅲ型为肝内肝外型。门脉海绵样变的二维超声主要表现为：肝内外门静脉分支及主干狭窄或部分狭窄、闭塞,在其周围形成蜂窝状无回声区,门脉管壁回声增强,增厚,彩色多普勒超声显示血流呈红蓝相间,频谱多普勒显示门静脉血流呈毛刺状,为低速、平坦的血流流速曲线。结论：彩色多普勒血流显像对门脉海绵样变的诊断具有很高的准确性,是诊断门脉海绵样变的重要手段。     

二维和彩色多普勒超声诊断门静脉海绵样变性的价值与体会

目的探讨门静脉海绵样变性的二维彩色多普勒超声的声像图特征及诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析52例门静脉海绵样变性患者使用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪观察门静脉的血流情况，受累静脉的形态、血流性质和方向。 结果门静脉海绵样变性的二维超声具有特征性声像，结合彩色多普勒超声可以更加明确诊断。 结论二维和彩色多普勒超声是诊断门静脉海绵样变性的首选的无创检查手段，具有十分重要的临床应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在门静脉海绵样变性中的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）在门静脉海绵样变性诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年6月39例彩色多普勒超声诊断为门静脉海绵样变性患者的声像图特征,并与手术、CT、血管造影对照。结果彩色多普勒超声诊断符合率100％（39／39）。声像图特征：肝门部正常门脉、胆管结构消失,出现“蜂窝状”无回声区,CDFI显示无回声区内出现红、蓝相间彩色血流信号,脉冲多普勒（PW）示门静脉频谱。结论彩色多普勒超声在门静脉海绵样变性诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

门静脉海绵样变性的二维超声彩色多普勒血流显像的诊断

本文应用二维超声、彩色多普勒血流显像诊断的１７例门静脉海绵样变性，其中７例为先天性，肝脏损害轻微，１０例继发性，肝脏损害严重。手术证实５例，ＣＴ及ＤＳＡ各证实５例。门静脉海绵样变性二维超声显像肝门区结构紊乱，呈蜂窝或盘曲管状液性暗区；ＣＤＦＩ呈红蓝相间彩色血流图像；脉冲多普勒在蜂窝状或盘曲的管状暗区内显示平坦的连续带状门静脉频谱；ＰＤＩ在病变区以星点状、短线状彩色血流信号充填，血管网络连续性好。本文认为，二维超声、ＣＤＦＩ、脉冲多普勒及ＰＤＩ可以准确地为门静脉海绵样变性做出诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声对特发性门静脉高压症的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对特发性门静脉高压症的诊断价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对15例特发性门静脉高压症患者进行检查,观察肝脏表面,内部回声,脾脏大小,肝门静脉及分支以及脾静脉等。结果二维灰阶超声显示15例特发性门静脉高压症中11例均出现不同程度的肝实质回声增粗,但均未见表面凹凸不平表现。15例(15/15)均见门静脉肝内分支管壁增厚、回声增强、管腔狭窄甚至闭塞呈条索状高回声。3例(3/15)伴有门静脉主干及脾静脉迂曲扩张,7例(7/15)伴有门静脉主干狭窄,显示门静脉主干管壁增厚、回声增强,管腔狭窄。彩色多普勒超声显示沿狭窄闭塞的肝内门静脉分支走行探及少许断续的点状血流。9例(9/15)出现门静脉海绵样变性。结论彩色多普勒超声显示肝内门静脉分支管壁增厚、管腔狭窄甚至闭塞的特征性改变及门静脉海绵样变性等,可提示为特发性门静脉高压症,彩色多普勒超声在特发性门静脉高压症诊断上有较高的临床应用价值。     

门静脉系统海绵样变性的超声诊断

目的探讨门静脉系统海绵样变性的超声显像特点。方法总结分析11例经血管造影证实的门静脉系统海绵样变性的超声表现。结果超声诊断符合率100%。二维超声病变区域表现为蜂窝状无回声暗区,CFI表现为暗淡血流充盈无回声暗区。结论超声可以显示门静脉系统及其属支的走行状态、血流充盈状态,便捷、无创、价廉,优于其他影像学方法。     

彩色多普勒超声在获得性子宫动静脉瘘的诊断及疗效评估中的应用

目的探讨获得性子宫动静脉瘘（AVM）的二维及多普勒超声特征，分析二维及彩色多普勒超声在经子宫动脉栓塞治疗后疗效观察中的价值。 方法选择11例获得性子宫AVM患者为研究对象。回顾性分析其子宫及病灶区二维声像图、彩色多普勒血流（CDFI）表现，量化分析多普勒流速曲线特点，包括收缩期峰值速率（PSV）和阻力指数（RI），结合临床症状对经子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）治疗后病灶的声像图变化，进行分析。 结果11例患者均经彩色多普勒超声诊断为子宫AVM，二维超声图像显示为子宫肌层内见单发类圆形无回声区和（或）多个小无回声区伴低回声呈"蜂窝状"，彩色多普勒显示无回声区内有丰富红蓝镶嵌血流信号充填，呈"马赛克"或"湖泊样"改变；脉冲多普勒呈高速低阻血流流速曲线，典型者表现出静脉血流动脉化表现，11例超声检查结果与子宫动脉造影结果基本一致。患者均接受了UAE治疗，10例栓塞术后1周~6个月复查，二维超声见病灶均有明显减小或逐渐消失，彩色多普勒超声表现为低速静脉血流信号或异常血流信号消失；1例随访1周~11个月表现为病灶减小但低速低阻动脉流速曲线持续存在，再次栓塞后仍复发出血，患者因无生育需求最终切除子宫。 结论彩色多普勒超声对获得性子宫动静脉瘘的诊断及UAE后对其治疗效果的评估监测有重要价值。     

超声对门静脉海绵样变性的诊断

目的探讨门静脉海绵样变性的超声特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析56例门静脉海绵样变性的声像图表现及其相关的脏器检查结果。结果门静脉海绵样变性的声像图特点是病变部位门静脉内径变细、闭塞或栓塞,其周围可见"蜂窝状"的管道回声,多普勒检查示"蜂窝状"管道内为门静脉频谱;继发改变有脾大、胃冠状静脉扩张。结论超声能较准确提示门静脉海绵样变性,清晰动态地观察门静脉主干及其属支形态上的变化,并能了解有关继发改变,为临床提供可靠依据。     

彩色多普勒血流显像对小儿门脉海绵样变性诊断的价值

小儿门脉海绵样变性属非肝病性门脉高压症，本文对７例患儿彩色多普勒血流显像诊断的门脉海绵样变性与ＣＴ，血管造影对照，经手术和病理检查结果一致，证实小儿门脉海绵样变性属非肝病所致，ＣＤＦＩ诊断符合率为１００％，ＣＤＦＩ对小儿门脉海绵样变性的显像，具有特异性，敏感性强，小儿门脉海绵样变性的主要原因是由于先天性门静脉结构发育异常。ＣＤＦＩ将其声像图分为三型。Ⅰ型为肝外型，Ⅱ型为肝内肝外型，Ⅲ型为肝内型，肝内门静脉分支部分狭窄、闭塞，在其周围海绵样变性显示蜂窝状无回声区，彩色血流呈红蓝相嵌，毛刺状，门静脉管壁回声增强，增厚，脉冲多普勒呈平直频谱。本文还对ＣＤＦＩ的诊断价值与鉴别诊断进行了讨论     

肝硬化后继发门静脉海绵样变性

目的 探讨腹部超声及彩色多普勒血流成像技术对肝硬化门静脉海绵样变性的诊断价值及方法。方法 对我院自2003年门诊及住院肝病患者进行检查。结果 利用超声及彩色多普勒成像技术查出18例门静脉海绵样变性。结论 腹部超声及彩色多普勒血流成像技术对门静脉海绵样变性的诊断有较高的准确性，有助于临床治疗措施的选择。     

自然组织谐波及彩色多普勒显像对肝癌门脉癌栓海绵样变的诊断

目的 评价自然组织谐波显像及彩色多普勒技术在诊断肝癌门脉癌栓并发门脉海绵样变性中的应用价值。方法 患者１９例,应用二维是、彩色、能量、频谱多普勒检测肝癌病变的部位、内部回声,重点观察门静脉癌栓的分布、形态、大小、回声、门脉血流阻塞程度及邻近组织结构、血管分布情况。结果 自然组织谐波成像能清晰显示门脉海绵样变性,门脉癌阻塞部位周围结构紊乱,呈蜂窝样或迂曲管状结构。彩色多普勒显示病变区呈蓝红相间的彩色     

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV): role of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamics of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV) using color Doppler sonography and to correlate it with sonographic findings and clinical manifestations. Methods: Using color Doppler sonography, we studied 25 patients who satisfied the sonographic diagnostic triad of CTPV and compared clinical, sonographic, and color Doppler findings. We also compared the hemodynamics of the liver vasculature in a group of CTPV patients with that in a group of normal subjects. Results: We could differentiate five cases of dilated hepatic artery without formation of CTPV from 20 cases of CTPV. In 13 cases of CTPV, the cause of the portal vein thrombosis prior to CTPV could be determined. Two types of CTPV were distinguished: linear type (small diameter without tortuosity) and tortuous type (large diameter with tortuosity). There were no particular tendencies in the cause or distribution between the two groups, but the flow velocity was significantly higher in the tortuous type than in the linear type. Slow continuous flow with little or no respiratory variations was observed in CTPV by color Doppler sonography in agreement with previous reports, and the velocity of CTPV was slower than that of the portal flow in normal subjects. The flow velocity was not related to the cause or the presence of developed collaterals, and the flow direction was always hepatopetal. Conclusion: Color Doppler sonography was considered to be the most useful modality for the diagnosis and comprehension of the hemodynamics of CTPV.     

彩色多普勒超声联合直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影诊断深静脉血栓的临床研究

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声联合直接法多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)诊断深静脉血栓的临床应用价值。方法收集13例经临床证实的深静脉血栓患者的影像学资料,分析其直接法MSCTV及彩色多普勒超声影像特征。结果上肢深静脉血栓2例,下肢深静脉血栓11例。直接法MSCTV深静脉血栓表现为充盈缺损,静脉腔变细、闭塞,侧支血管迂曲、扩张;彩色多普勒超声深静脉血栓表现为静脉腔内的实性回声,周围无血流信号或仅有细小血流信号。结论深静脉血栓具有典型的MSCTV及彩色多普勒超声征象,彩色多普勒超声联合直接法MSCTV能够及时、准确地诊断深静脉血栓。     

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein: three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography

BACKGROUND: To investigate characteristic features of three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography (3D DCE-MRA) and validate its clinical significance for the diagnosis of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). METHODS: 3D DCE-MRA, along with subsequent data processing using three-dimensional reconstruction, was performed in 33 CTPV patients. We observed 33 emboli in the portal vein, 29 in the left and/or right portal branches, 18 in the superior mesenteric vein, and nine emboli in the splenic vein. RESULTS: The main presentation of CTPV on 3D DCE-MRA was the replacement of the normal configuration of the portal vein by numerous distorted hepatopetal collateral vessels, the presence of arterio-portal venous shunts, and the appearance of hepatofugal collateral vessels in the abdominal cavity and wall. CONCLUSION: 3D DCE-MRA can be used to simultaneously characterize the portal system and collateral vessels, and can improve the diagnosis and clinical treatment of CTPV.     

Vascular and biliary abnormalities mimicking cholangiocarcinoma in patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein: role of color Doppler sonography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the sonographic and color Doppler features of tumorlike biliary and venous changes in patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). METHODS: The sonographic studies of 24 patients with CTPV were reviewed. Sonographic evaluation of the biliary system included measurement of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct caliber changes and common bile duct (CBD) wall thickening and character. Color Doppler features of the portoportal collateral circulation at various locations (intrahepatic, periportal, gallbladder, pancreatic, and gastric regions) were carefully evaluated. RESULTS: Biliary abnormalities were detected in 13 (54%) of 24 patients with CTPV. All 13 patients (100%) had intrahepatic biliary dilatation; 11 patients (85%) had CBD abnormalities: diffuse CBD wall thickening causing diffuse narrowing of the true lumen in 7 (54%) and CBD dilatation proximal to the focal area of narrowing due to pericholedochal compressing venous collaterals in 4 (30%). A tumorlike solid mass appeared on the gray scale images of 2 patients (8%): 1 at the porta hepatis and the other at the pancreatic head level. Color Doppler imaging evaluation showed venous-type flow, suggesting a bulk of varicosities. CONCLUSIONS: Portoportal collaterals in patients with CTPV may alter the biliary and venous systems, causing biliary wall thickening, stenosis, intrahepatic and extrahepatic dilatation, and pseudotumors. Detailed sonographic and color Doppler imaging assessment can show and facilitate the correct diagnosis of those changes, thus avoiding the need for a more invasive modality such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or a more expensive investigation such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.     

彩色多普勒在胆管细胞癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声在胆管细胞癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的意义。方法　对 3 3例胆管细胞癌与 18例肝内胆管结石患者的彩色多普勒血流进行对比观察。结果　胆管细胞癌组彩色多普勒显示病变内门静脉血流显像不清的为 90 .91% (3 0 / 3 3 ) ,其中 76.67% (2 3 / 3 0 )肝动脉亦显像不清 ,相反 2 3 .3 3 % (7/ 3 0 )显示丰富的肝动脉血流 ;然而肝内胆管结石组中门静脉、肝动脉均显像不清的仅为 11.11% (2 /18) ,2组比较差异有非常显著性意义 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　门静脉血流信号变细或消失为胆管细胞癌的彩色多普勒特征性表现 ,其在胆管细胞癌的诊断与鉴别诊断上具有重要的临床价值