哮喘病人与婚育

从优生的角度来讲 ,支气管哮喘患者的婚育应注意以下几点 :哮喘病人不宜“同病相恋”。哮喘病属于多基因遗传病 ,遗传因素与环境因素对发病都有重要的影响。有哮喘或类似哮喘的人 ,其子女易发生哮喘。研究表明 :父母双方都是过敏体质者 ,其子女有７０ %可能为过敏体质 ;但若父母仅一方是过敏体质者 ,其子女则只有２０ %为过敏体质。所以 ,为了减少子女发生哮喘的机会 ,哮喘病人不宜“同病相恋”。哮喘病孕妇慎用药物。在妊娠期间除须避免使用易于影响胎儿发育或导致畸形的磺胺类、四环素类、链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、氯丙嗪、异丙嗪等药…     

高血压遗传学研究常用策略及现状分析

高血压是遗传和环境因素共同作用所致的复杂疾病,其遗传因素影响约占到30%,而且存在显著的基因与环境的相互作用〔1〕。对高血压的遗传易感性研究不仅对于深入了解其发病机制有重要作用,而且还能了解高血压临床表现差异的根源,对高血压的预防、早期诊断及个体化治疗提供依据。笔者从遗传研究的常用策略角度,对高血压遗传学研究现状进行综述。     

如何预防过敏性哮喘?

哮喘的发生与遗传和环境因素密切相关。据临床观察,大多数哮喘患者的家族中均有变态反应性疾病患者。外源性哮喘属于多基因遗传(遗传度为56%～76%),内源性哮喘为常染色体隐性遗传。哮喘遗传因子携带者是否发病,取决于他对环境中的烟雾、尘螨、冷空气、花粉、鱼虾、牛奶等过敏原是否过敏。那么,如何预防哮喘发作呢?避免接触过敏原室内不要装修,尽量减少油漆味;避免使用蚊香和喷洒灭蚊剂,因为这些用品产生的气味可引起患者呼吸道痉挛而诱发哮喘;室内的尘螨和蟑螂及其排泄物亦可诱发哮喘,所以,室内不要铺地毯,且要采用湿式除尘法,最好使用吸尘…     

高血压病的饮食调理

高血压病是全球心脑血管疾病中发生率最高的疾病.该病的发生与遗传因素和环境因素有关,一般认为遗传因素约占40％,环境因素约占60％,而环境因素主要与营养膳食有关.因此,高血压患者平时在饮食上要有所注意.     

过敏性鼻炎,祸首是谁

<正>秋季,是过敏性鼻炎的高发季,如何正确的预防和治疗过敏性鼻炎,是很多人关心的话题。过敏性鼻炎是以突发或反复发作性鼻痒、喷嚏、流清涕、鼻塞及嗅觉功能障碍为主要特征的鼻病。除影响生活质量外,还可出现一些并发症,如哮喘、鼻窦炎、结膜炎和咽鼓管功能障碍等,同时还与慢性阻塞性肺病、胃食管返流、支气管扩张和睡眠暂停综合征等其他呼吸系统疾病相关联。因此,正确的诊断、有效的治疗措施显得尤为重要。过敏原就隐藏在身边遗传因素和家族史在过敏性鼻炎的发病过程中,遗传因素占有重要地位,     

代谢综合征的发病机制及防治研究进展

代谢综合征fmetabolicsyndrome,MS）又名胰岛素抵抗代谢综合征（IRMS）,或X-综合征,是由于胰岛素抵抗（IR）引发的一系列临床、生化、体液代谢失常,从而引起多种物质代谢失常的综合征。MS的发病原因尚未完全阐明。文献报道其与胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛索血症、超重和向心性肥胖关系密切。其常见原因有遗传因素、环境因素、脂肪细胞因子因素、行为因素及多种因素综合作用等,这些因素也是导致死亡和致残的主要原因。本研究就MS的发病相关因素、诊断与防治等综述如下。     

帕金森病的秀丽隐杆线虫模型研究进展

帕金森病是第二大神经退行性疾病,病因及发病机制复杂,可能与年老、环境因素及遗传因素等有关,目前尚不能治愈。秀丽隐杆线虫因其独特的优势,逐渐成为研究帕金森疾病的重要模式生物。作者对近几年帕金森病的秀丽隐杆线虫转基因模型和化学因素诱导模型进行综述。     

高原COPD遗传度及血清α_1-G水平分析

本文报告了青海高原中老年人COPD遗传、患病率以及α_1—G的研究结果。表明青海高原COPD遗传度的加权平均值为29.63％±6.98％,其遗传方式符合多基因遗传,并说明在高原低氧地区与遗传因素相比环境因素对COPD的发病起主导作用;α_1—G在COPD缓解期的水平明显于正常人组(P<0.05),这说明α_1—G的缺乏对COPD,尤其对肺气肿的发病有关。提供了在高原低氧环境中COPD遗传情况的资料。     

胰岛素依赖性糖尿病与主要组织相容性复合物Ⅱ类分子

胰岛素依赖性糖尿病 (ＩＤＤＭ )是一种自身免疫性疾病 ,常由病毒感染诱发免疫反应 ,造成 β细胞的严重破坏 ,胰岛素分泌绝对减少 ,需要终身依赖胰岛素治疗。ＩＤＤＭ患者中 ,单由遗传或环境因素引起者仅占少数 ,大部分患者是由遗传因素及环境因素共同参与和相互作用引起的 ,故ＩＤＤＭ是一种复杂的多因素疾病 ,每一个参与发病的遗传和环境因素只是赋于个体某种程度的易感性 ,表现为糖尿病患者群和非糖尿病患者群之间频率的差异。目前尚未确定ＩＤＤＭ的致病原因 ,用群体关联分析及家系连锁分析的方法 ,对不同人种的研究表明ＩＤＤＭ与人类…     

多发性硬化的临床免疫治疗

多发性硬化(MS)是临床常见的中枢神经系统(CNS)脱髓鞘性自身免疫性疾病。尽管经过了100多年的研究,其确切病因及发病机制仍然未被完全阐明。与MS相类似的实验动物模型即实验性变应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)提示自身免疫反应在MS发病中的重要作用,目前一般认为MS可能是病毒感染后T细胞介导的炎性过程导致了CNS的脱髓鞘病理改变。此外,遗传因素和环境因素在MS的发病中亦起了一定的作用。目前临床上对MS的治疗多是基于其免疫发病机制,本文就MS临床免疫治疗的现状及进展作一综述。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.