Thai trauma nurses’ knowledge of neuroprotective nursing care of traumatic brain injury patients: A survey study

Thai trauma nurses play a vital role in neuroprotective nursing care of patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Nurses' knowledge of the evidence underpinning initial neuroprotective nursing care vital to safe and high‐quality patient care. However, the current state of knowledge of Thai trauma nurses is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated Thai nurses' knowledge of neuroprotective nursing care of patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Data were collected by a survey, comprising a section on participant characteristics and series of multiple‐choice questions. All registered nurses (n = 22) and nursing assistants (n = 13) from the trauma ward of a regional Thai hospital were invited to participate: the response rate was 100%. Participants had limited knowledge of carbon dioxide monitoring; causes and implications of hypercapnia; mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure targets; management of sedatives and analgesics; and management of hyperthermia. Improving their knowledge focusing on knowledge deficits through educational training and implementation of evidence‐based practice is essential to improve the safety and quality of care for Thai patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.     

弥漫性轴索损伤病人的护理

为了探讨弥漫性轴索损伤 (DAI)病人的护理经验 ,对 112例DAI病人的护理过程进行了回顾性分析。体会到急性期保持呼吸道通畅 ,及时纠正低氧血症 ,降低颅内压 ,有效地控制中枢性高热是提高生存率的关键。后期加强基础护理 ,保障足够的热量摄入有利于DAI病人的康复。在尚无特殊治疗方法的今天 ,护理工作是影响DAI病人预后的重要因素。     

脊髓损伤病人的舒适护理

笔者报道51例脊柱骨折合并脊髓损伤病人舒适护理的体会。实施耐心细致基础护理使病人生理舒适;重视营养护理,提供科学合适的膳食和舒适的进食环境;根据疾病不同时期的心理反应及时进行心理疏导保持心理舒适,逐步达到社会舒适和灵魂舒适。认为只要不把病人当作疾病载体,而是当作完整的人来对待,根据病人的需要进行舒适护理,使病人充满信心主动参与医疗护理活动,赢得最佳治疗时间,最大限度促进肢体功能恢复,防止并发症发生,提高病人生活质量和病人的满意度。     

脑卒中偏瘫病人早期康复护理效果观察

为探讨脑卒中偏瘫病人早期康复护理的临床效果，将180例初发脑卒中病人随机分为康复护理组和对照组，康复护理包括运动功能和生活自理能力训练，康复护理前后用Fugl-Meyer量表（FMA）评定运动功能，用Barthel指数（BI）评定生活自理能力。 结果显示：两组总治疗时间无统计学差异（P＞0．05），康复护理后两组病人运动功能及生活自理能力均有所改善，神经功能缺损程度有所下降，但康复护理组FMA和BI改善程度与对照组比较有统计学意义（P＜0．01），且康复护理组神经功能缺损程度较对照组显著降低（P＜0．01）。提示，早期康复护理可明显改善初发脑卒中偏瘫病人的肢体运动功能，提高生活自理能力，降低神经功能缺损程度。     

重型颅脑损伤病人的观察和护理

[目的]总结重型颅脑损伤（SCI）病人临床观察护理经验,探讨临床观察及护理的措施与方法。[方法]选取我院2003年-2008年收治的200例重型颅脑损伤病人,根据入院后不同时期病情变化的特点,分析观察护理重点、难点及护理对预后的影响。[结果]经过有重点的观察病情变化,精心科学的护理工作,除16例死亡外,其余184例均治愈或好转。经过恢复期帮助病人进行康复锻炼、心理辅导,使其重获信心,回归社会。[结论]按照SCI病人病情进展变化特点分阶段护理,大大提高了病人的生存率,促进了病人身心康复,更好地适应了新型的生物-心理-社会医学模式。     

Communication: the key to effective interdisciplinary collaboration in the care of a child with complex rehabilitation needs

Healthcare providers have the unique opportunity to provide care and treatment to patients with complex medical needs. They learn early in their careers that the care they provide doesn't just include the patient. Communication is essential across the continuum and involves multiple providers and the family. An interdisciplinary team facilitates a comprehensive plan for recovery and treatment. This case study centers on the interdisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation continuum of care across the spectrum and its effects on patient outcomes.     

Acute care teaching in the undergraduate nursing curriculum

Aim:  To incorporate basic aspects of acute care into the undergraduate nursing programme by providing an opportunity for the development of knowledge and skills in the early recognition and assessment of deteriorating patients on general hospital wards.
Background:  Acute care initiatives implemented in the hospital setting to improve the identification and management of 'at risk' patients have focused on the provision of education for trained or qualified staff. However, to ensure student nurses are 'fit to practice' at the point of registration, it has been recommended that acute care theory and skills are incorporated into the undergraduate nursing curriculum.
Practice development initiative:  An 'Integrated Nursing Care' module was incorporated into year 3 of the undergraduate nursing programme to introduce students to acute care theory and practice. Module content focuses on the early detection and management of acute deterioration in patients with respiratory, cardiac, neurological or renal insufficiencies. We used a competency-based framework to ensure the application of theory to practice through the use of group seminars. High-fidelity patient-simulated clinical scenarios were a key feature. The United Kingdom Resuscitation Council Intermediate Life Support course is also an important component of the module.
Conclusions:  Incorporating the Integrated Nursing Care module into the undergraduate nursing curriculum provides pre-registration students the opportunity to develop their knowledge and skills in acute care.
Relevance to clinical practice:  The provision of undergraduate education in care of the acutely ill patient in hospital is essential to improve nurses' competence and confidence in assessing and managing deteriorating patients in general wards at the point of registration.     

循证护理在腭咽成形术后患者护理中的应用

目的:探讨循证护理在腭咽成形术后患者护理中的应用。方法:查阅相关文献,提出循证护理问题,制定护理干预措施。结果:46例患者经过科学有效的护理,术后恢复良好,患者对护理质量满意率为98.5%,医师组对护理质量满意率为97.5%。结论:循证护理模式能丰富护士理论知识,激发护士学习热情,使护理工作变得积极主动,提高护理质量。     

临床护理路径在急性肾损伤病人健康教育中的应用效果研究

[目的]探讨临床护理路径在急性肾损伤病人健康教育中的应用效果。[方法]将80例急性肾损伤病人随机分为实验组与对照组,实验组按照临床护理路径对病人及家属进行系统健康教育,对照组按照传统方法随时给予健康指导。[结果]实验组病人健康教育知识掌握程度、护理满意度、住院天数、住院费用均优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]应用临床护理路径对急性肾损伤病人进行系统的健康教育有利于病人掌握健康相关知识、缩短住院天数、降低住院费用、提高满意度、提高护理质量。     

早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者的疗效研究

目的:研究早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能和日常生活能力恢复的疗效和意义。方法:随机将80例患者分为康复组和对照组,康复组接受以Bobath运动疗法为主的早期康复护理训练,对照组常规神经内科护理。结果:入院时两组患者的各项评分均无差异(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,康复组FMA评分、DDNF评分和B l评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。康复组患者上下肢的运动功能明显好于对照组,神经功能缺损程度明显减轻,日常生活自理能力明显改善。结论:早期康复护理能明显提高脑卒中偏瘫患者生活自理能力,有助于患者早期回归家庭和社会。     

颅脑外伤患者手术后ICU护理干预的临床价值分析

目的分析颅脑外伤患者手术后ICU护理干预效果。方法选取本院于2015年1月~2016年7月期间收治的72例颅脑外伤手术后患者,按照其护理方法的差异性划分为观察组和对照组,分别采用ICU护理和常规护理,分析两组的临床应用效果。结果观察组和对照组分别经过不同护理模式后,其治疗总有效率经计算后分别为94.44%以及77.78%,同时观察组的并发症发生率显著降低,组间数据经对比后统计学意义产生(P0.05)。结论颅脑外伤患者手术后采用ICU护理模式有助于其疾病的治愈。     

烧伤患者创伤后应激障碍的护理干预

烧伤患者创伤后应激障碍以恐惧行为、睡眠障碍和情绪改变等为其临床特点。笔者报道对15例出现创伤后应激障碍的烧伤患者，给予恰当的精神、心理评估，及早进行护理下预和治疗。尽早实施心理护理、止痛等措施，并注意个体化护理，结果5例治愈，10例临床症状明显减轻。认为在对烧伤患者的临床护理实践中，应掌握有关精神、心理疾病的知识，合理运用心理护理的技巧，及早进行护理评估，加强护理干预。病人出院后继续保持联系，给予心理咨询和康复指导．最大限度地降低创伤后应激障碍的发生。     

Evaluation of the case method in nursing education

The case based learning (CBL) is a problem-based learning which engaging students and presenting them with learning-related and cognitive challenges. The purpose of the study was to elucidate nursing students experiences of the CBL as an educational tool in order to find out if it supports their learning. Qualitative content analysis was used and performed on the statements from nursing students' course evaluations. Students perceived the CBL as an approach combining theory with practice which provides an overview of upcoming profession. Students gain adequate knowledge about patient care in reality and thereby enabling them to obtain a holistic understanding of patients health problems. Reflections related to case seminars widen students perspectives, improve their capacity for cooperation and help them to achieve long-lasting knowledge. This learning method offers nursing students an opportunity to enhance their judgement and critical thinking skills by applying theory in practice. Students gain adequate knowledge about patient care which may benefit patient care due to students acting professionally in their future role.     

重型颅脑损伤昏迷病人的呼唤式护理

[目的]探讨呼唤式护理干预对重型颅脑损伤昏迷病人中的恢复效果。[方法]将80例重型颅脑损伤昏迷病人随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组行神经外科常规护理,实验组在对照组基础上加入呼唤式护理。[结果]实验组苏醒时间与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]呼唤式护理干预应用于重型颅脑损伤昏迷病人,有显著的催醒作用。     

Revisiting the nursing metaparadigm: Acknowledging technology as foundational to progressing nursing knowledge

The nursing metaparadigm, as described by Fawcett in 1984, includes human, health, nursing, and the environment, all of which support theory development by giving direction to our focus as a scientific body. Nursing scientists make their mark in biotechnological applications, mobile health, informatics, and human factors research. We give voice to the patient through design feedback and incorporating technological advancements in our evolving nursing knowledge; however, we have not formally acknowledged technology in our metaparadigm. To continue patient-centered care in this age where machines are enmeshed in daily human life, we propose technology must be a domain of the metaparadigm to continue advancing nursing science and knowledge. In this paper, we propose a separate domain of technology within the metaparadigm to challenge nurses to consider approaches within their research and practice of how technology will impact patient care and their personal development within the profession. A technology-specific domain within the metaparadigm also is a signal to other bodies of science of our willingness and ability to run at pace with novel, exciting new discoveries while adding our perspective. Nurses may become active agents in novel developments rather than passive adopters, continuing our legacy of patient advocacy through new knowledge generation. Emerging and continuing nurse leadership has set the stage for the next era of nurse-led innovation and technology development, which provides an opportunity to embed technology as a core aspect of the nursing metaparadigm.     

重型颅脑外伤患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的因素分析与护理干预

目的:探讨重型颅脑外伤患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的因素分析和护理方法,减少机械相关性肺炎的发生。方法:将2009年1月～2011年12月入住我院重型颅脑外伤65例患者随机分为干预组33例和对照组32例,分别采用综合护理干预方法和常规护理方法,比较其机械相关性肺炎发生情况。结果:影响重型颅脑外伤患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的因素有年龄、住院天数、呼吸机应用天数、气管切开、休克患者、心肺基础病;采用综合护理干预方法的患者VAP发生率低于采用常规护理的患者(P<0.05)。结论:对机械通气患者行综合护理干预,能有效减少重型颅脑外伤患者机械通气相关性肺炎的发生率,有一定的临床意义,值得普遍推广。     

护理干预对脑损伤致单侧视觉空间忽略的影响

目的观察护理干预对脑损伤致单侧视觉空间忽略临床疗效的影响。方法将确诊的脑损伤致单侧视觉空间忽略患者随机分成护理干预组和常规组，护理干预组在常规组的基础上配合康复护理。治疗前后分别采用二等分线段、数字划销、画钟试验等方法观察两组患者认知功能恢复情况。结果护理干预组治疗后显著优于常规组（P〈0.001）。结论康复护理干预对改善单侧视觉空间忽略具有重要作用。     

72例重型颅脑损伤患者预防上消化道出血的循证护理

目的探讨预防重型颅脑损伤患者消化道出血的循证护理方法。方法将142例重型颅脑损伤的患者按随机数字表法分为常规护理组（n=70）和循证护理组（n=72）。常规护理组采用神经外科常规护理,同时根据患者颅脑损伤严重程度,对重型颅脑损伤患者经验性预防使用抗生素、制酸剂、胃黏膜保护剂等;循证护理组则应用循证护理（包括深入理解上消化道出血的病生机制、查询循证资料、心理指导及宣传教育、饮食护理、早期护理干预等）。对2组患者上消化道出血发生率、病死率及治愈率进行比较。结果循证护理组并发上消化道出血6例,发生率为8.33%;常规护理组25例并发上消化道出血,发生率为35.71%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。常规护理组治愈率、病死率分别为68.57%及31.43%,循证护理组治愈率、病死率分别为77.78%及22.22%,2组治愈率、病死率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。结论对重型颅脑损伤患者应用循证护理可以显著降低上消化道出血的发生率,具有重要的临床护理意义。     

Elderly peoples' experience of nursing care after a stroke: from a gender perspective

Title.  Elderly peoples' experience of nursing care after a stroke: from a gender perspective.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore, from a gender perspective, older people's experiences of nursing care after a stroke.
Background.  Little attention has been given to gender differences in nursing care. The majority of people who have a stroke are older. Improving knowledge of the gender perspectives of older men and women regarding nursing care after stroke is crucial.
Method.  This was a qualitative study based on interviews with five women and five men between 66 and 75 years of age, who had received nursing care at a ward for stroke rehabilitation. The data were collected in 2006. Qualitative content analysis of the interviews was carried out.
Findings.  A main theme and five categories, all common to both men and women, were identified. The main theme, to promote recovery of the body, encompassed the categories. There were, however, gender differences in how the nursing care received was experienced. The ways patients experienced nursing care seemed to be linked with their lives as women and men before they had the stroke. Their perceptions are linked with their lives as women and men before they had their stroke. Both men and women will reclaim former abilities but what they perceive to be the goals of nursing care and rehabilitation may differ.
Conclusion.  Nurses need to increase their awareness and knowledge concerning the similarities and gender differences in the experiences and needs of older people, both men and women.     

颅脑损伤病人陪护人员实施护理干预对改善病人预后的影响

[目的]探讨陪护人员实施护理干预对改善颅脑损伤病人预后的影响.[方法]将260例颅脑损伤病人以责任病区分为观察组和对照组.观察组在常规护理的基础上对其陪护人员实施干预指导;对照组采用常规的责任制护理模式.对两组病人出院时进行日常生活自理能力（ADL）评分.[结果]观察组病人ADL得分明显高于对照组,其中93例生活自理能力恢复良好,22例生活自理需要帮助,13例生活部分自理,2例完全依赖.[结论]对颅脑损伤病人陪护人员实施护理干预,能减少并发症的发生,改善疾病预后,促进病人自理能力恢复,使病人早日回归家庭和社会.