肾肿瘤剜除术治疗肾细胞癌、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤

目的探讨肾肿瘤剜除术治疗肾细胞癌及肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的疗效。方法回顾分析15例在我院进行肾肿瘤剜除术的肾细胞癌及肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的临床及病理资料。结果全部肾肿瘤均成功剜除,平均热缺血时间为15min,术中肿瘤剜除面平均出血25ml,术后无继发出血,无急性肾小管坏死、慢性肾功能不全及尿瘘等并发症发生。术后平均随访时间为2．5年,均未见肿瘤复发或转移。依据2003AJCC肾癌分期方法,所有肾癌患者均为Tla期,组织学形态为透明细胞癌。病理分级按Fuhrman标准为G1。结论肾肿瘤剜除术对有假性包膜的Tla肾细胞癌和肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤是有效和安全的,术后并发症少,可以最大程度地保留肾脏功能。     

Anoikis disruption of focal adhesion-Akt signaling impairs renal cell carcinoma

Background

Quinazoline-based α1-adrenoceptor antagonists suppress tumor growth by inducing apoptosis via an α1-adrenoceptor-independent action. Anoikis is a unique mode of apoptosis consequential to insufficient cell-matrix interactions.

Objective

This study investigated the apoptotic effect of novel quinazoline-based compounds on human renal cancer cells.

Design, setting, and participants

Two cell lines were used: renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 786-0, harboring a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor-suppressor gene mutation with a highly angiogenic phenotype, and Caki cells (no VHL mutation).

Measurements

The lead compound DZ-50 (10 μM) led to significant inhibition of tumor-cell adhesion, migration, and invasion at a lower dose than doxazosin (25 μM) in both RCC lines.

Results and limitations

Doxazosin induced death-receptor-mediated apoptosis, while DZ-50 led to anoikis via targeting of the focal adhesion complex and AKT signaling that subsequently increased RCC susceptibility to caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. Both quinazoline compounds, doxazosin and DZ-50, significantly reduced RCC metastatic potential in vivo.

Conclusions

Quinazoline-based drugs trigger anoikis in RCC by targeting the focal adhesion survival signaling. This potent antitumor action against human RCC suggests a novel quinazoline-based therapy targeting renal cancer.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤治疗方式的选择及疗效(附94例报告)

目的探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(renal angiomyolipoma,RAML)干预治疗方式的选择及其疗效。方法回顾性分析近5年收治的94例RAML患者的临床资料,其中男25例,女69例,平均年龄42岁,肿瘤平均直径为6.6cm。单发RAML73例,多发RAML21例。结果 RAML破裂出血并行急诊手术4例,其中2例行患肾全切术,2例行选择性动脉栓塞术控制出血后择期行保留肾单位手术(nephron-sparing surgery,NSS);择期手术90例,其中NSS71例,患肾全切术13例,选择性动脉栓塞术2例,射频消融术4例。开放及后腹腔镜下NSS对于直径在7cm以下的RAML在手术时间、出血量及并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术后住院天数两者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访3～48个月,未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论 NSS是RAML的治疗首选,其中腹腔镜NSS对于体积较小的肿瘤具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优势。选择性动脉栓塞对于控制RAML急性破裂出血有独特优势,也用于多发肿瘤及RAML复发等情况。射频消融对于直径较小的RAML微创而有效。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（错构瘤）的诊断与治疗方法。方法 回顾分析２２例肾错构瘤的临床资料。结果 诊断符合率Ｂ超为５４．５％,ＣＴ为８１．８％,术前诊断错构瘤１８例,误诊为肾癌４例,其中３例术中冻冻切片示错构瘤。行肿瘤剜除１１例,肾部分切除７例,肾切除３例,肾根治性切除１例。结论 ＣＴ是诊断错构瘤的首选检查手段,肿瘤体积小、脂仿含量少、瘤内出血是影像学改变不典型导致误诊的原因,仔细分析病史、影像学资料及术中冰冻切片可避免误诊,手术治疗应尽量采用保留肾脏的手术。     

Development of hepatic angiomyolipoma accompanied with focal nodular hyperplasia long after treatment of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma

Survivors of childhood cancer have a higher risk of developing a secondary neoplasm in their lifetime. The increased risk of a second malignant neoplasm is related to treatment of the primary tumor and genetic predisposition. We describe a 19-year-old man with 2 hepatic masses, one of which was diagnosed as a hepatic angiomyolipoma and the other as focal nodular hyperplasia 14 years after the treatment of stage IV pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma. The combination of these tumors has not previously been reported in the literature.     

Laparoscopic management of symptomatic simple renal cysts

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of retroperitoneoscopy for the treatment of symptomatic renal cyst disease. Patients and methods: We evaluated the efficacy and morbidity of aspiration versus open and laparoscopic surgical techniques in a paired institution over a 20-year period. Prospectively recorded parameters for the 11 cases dealt with by primary retroperitoneoscopic techniques were compared with historical controls dealt with by open surgery. Results: Small volume cysts were satisfactorily dealt with by aspiration alone. All patients undergoing laparoscopic cyst decortication for the larger volume cysts had a satisfactory outcome with improvement in their symptoms and objective cure on follow up imaging studies. Conclusion: Laparoscopic management for all cysts is a safe, effective and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for symptomatic renal cysts. Simple drainage under radiological guidance is also highly effective and should probably be first line treatment for cysts up to 6 cms in diameter whereas primary laparoscopic treatment should be suggested for larger cysts. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤12例临床分析

报告１２例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤，１２例均行Ｂ超检查，８例行ＩＶＵ检查，３例行肾动脉造影，９例行ＣＴ检查，１２例中手术治疗１０例（１１侧肾脏）术后均经病理检查诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤，其中１例恶变，２例肿瘤小未予手术，１２例健康复出院，随访６个月～８年，２例分别于术后３年和７年发现对侧肾肿瘤，恶变的１例未见复发和转移，未行手术的２例瘤体未见明显变化，认为肾动脉造影，Ｂ超，ＣＴ对诊断本病具有特异性，但肿     

单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术与传统腹腔镜手术的对比研究

目的比较单孔腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的手术效果,总结单孔腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的手术经验。方法自2010年1月至2011年3月,我院收治单纯肾囊肿患者30例,随机分为两组,其中采用自制单孔多通道腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术15例,传统腹腔镜手术去顶术15例,所有手术均为同一位外科医师主刀,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量及近期随访手术疗效。结果 30例手术均获成功,两组术中均无明显并发症发生。传统腹腔镜与单孔腹腔镜在手术时间(63.5minvs52.5min,P=0.104)、术中出血量(20mlvs25ml,P=0.721),术后住院时间(4.3dvs4.9d,P=0.647)无统计学差异。结论在取得一定腹腔镜手术经验的单位,单孔多通道腹腔镜是安全可行的,其与传统腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术相比,并不明显增加手术时间。     

腹腔镜下肝肾囊肿开窗去顶术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗肝肾囊肿的方法和效果。方法: 1994至2004年于腹腔镜下为68例肝肾囊肿患者行开窗去顶术,其中肝囊肿56例,肾囊肿12例,并注入无水酒精灌洗残留粘膜。结果: 68例手术全部成功,无中转开腹。手术时间30~70min,随访时间6个月~10年, 1例复发。结论:腹腔镜治疗肝肾囊肿安全可行,在严格掌握适应证的条件下值得推广应用。     

Evaluation of apoptosis and cell proliferation in experimentally induced renal cysts

Cell proliferation and apoptosis in renal cysts induced by streptozotocin, alloxan and ferric-nitrilotriacetate were investigated in rats. In the kidneys of all treated animals dilated tubules at the cortico-medullary region, large cysts, glomerular cysts and tubular dilation in the medullary area were found. Both cell proliferation and apoptosis were increased in the epithelium of the non-dilated tubules, in the mesangial and interstitial cells. Cells lining the dilated tubules or cysts demonstrated apoptosis but their proliferating activity was low. By calculating the proliferation–apoptosis ratio we found that alloxan did not change the balance between the two mechanisms. Meanwhile streptozotocin resulted in an increased apoptosis and ferric-nitrilotriacetate in an increased cell proliferation. p53 expression might be responsible for the uncontrolled proliferation in rats treated with ferric-nitrilotriacetate as this oncoprotein was diffusely present in tubular cell nuclei. The observed apoptosis seemed to be independent of bcl-2 oncoprotein expression. We assume that the initial factor in such cystogenesis should be a cellular injury due to direct toxic or to the diabetogenic effect of the drugs. The latter is more likely as all the animals were hyperglycemic and insulin treatment following administration of streptozotocin prevented the morphologic changes. Received: 10 January 1998 / Accepted: 2 June 1998     

A case of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis difficult to differentiate from renal cell carcinoma

A 34-year-old female with left flank pain persisting for 3 months consulted us on 19 Feb, 2001. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and renal angiography revealed a cystic renal tumor in the upper pole of the left kidney invading the spleen, and paraaortic lymph node swelling. Left radical nephrectomy combined with splenectomy and partial diaphragmectomy was performed under a tentative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. However, histopathological findings revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). XGP is a rare, severe, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by accumulation of lipid laden macrophages. XGP is classified as diffuse or focal type. Preoperative diagnosis of focal XGP is difficult because of radiological similarities to renal cell carcinoma. Our case was more difficult to diagnose because she showed few signs of inflammation and had no history of urinary tract infection or stones.     

后腹腔镜下选择性肾动脉栓塞与肾动脉阻断行肾错构瘤剜切除术的比较

目的比较后腹腔镜下选择性肾动脉栓塞与肾动脉阻断行肾错构瘤剜切除术的安全性及有效性。 方法分析我院2010年1月至2015年12月行腹腔镜下肾错构瘤切除患者的临床资料,共163例,其中选择性肾动脉栓塞后肿瘤吸引及剜除33例,肾动脉阻断肿瘤切除130例,术中行冰冻检查27例,比较两种术式在手术时间、术中出血、术后出血、住院时间等方面的差异。 结果所有病例一期在腹腔镜下完成肿瘤切除,介入后肿瘤剜除或吸出33例,术中出血（ml）、手术时间（min）、术后住院时间（d）和费用（万元）分别为：（41±13）、（47±15）、（3.50±0.24）、（1.63±0.29）;动脉阻断组130例,相应指标分别为：（83±23）、（103±22）、（4.50±0.31）、（1.23±0.35）,术后出血7例,栓塞止血3例,两组比较,介入组优势明显,差异显著（P<0.05）。术后病理诊断透明细胞癌5例（3.1%）,术前、术后总肾功能差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,随访期间均无肿瘤复发。 结论肾错构瘤选择性肾动脉栓塞后腹腔镜下切除,可以有效降低手术难度、缩短手术时间、减少术中及术后出血风险,有条件的医疗机构值得借鉴。     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术65例报告

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的方法.方法:回顾分析经腹膜后途径行腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术65例的临床资料.结果:64例手术获得成功,1例因肾实质损伤中转开放手术.结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术具有患者创伤小、出血少、康复快等优点,宜作为肾囊肿外科治疗的首选术式.     

Cystic renal cell carcinoma,suspected because of lack of regression of renal cysts after renal transplantation in a dialysis patient with acquired renal cystic disease

A 34-year-old man who had been on dialysis for about 6 years, and had acquired renal cystic disease, received a renal transplantation. However, in spite of the success of the transplantation, one area without cyst regression was observed in the original kidney. Therefore, carcinoma was suspected and nephrectomy was performed. Histology revealed cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). No case of cystic RCC occurring in a dialysis patient has previously been reported. Cystic RCC should be suspected in a cystic mass in the original kidney which does not regress after successful renal transplantation. Received: August 23, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Shigehiko Sato, Department of Internal Medicine, Tonami General Hospital, who referred this patient to us. Correspondence to:I. Ishikawa     

Staghorn calculi and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with transitional cell carcinoma

Untreated staghorn calculi can cause xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), diminished renal function, and renal malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper urinary tract is associated with kidney stones and chronic infection, but their association with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has not been proven and has rarely been reported in literature. We present a rare case of staghorn calculi and XGP associated with TCC.     

The use of the Ki-67 marker in the pathological diagnosis of the epithelioid variant of renal angiomyolipoma

Objective:  Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare malignant variant of renal angiomyolipoma (AML). There were 34 cases of EAML reported in 25 studies (including this present study) over the past decade. About 68% were females and 32% males. The mean age was 40.1 years, 53% developed metastatic disease after nephrectomy, and eight patients had TSC. All cases are reported positive when stained with HMB-45 which also labels all classical AML. This study evaluates the use of Ki-67 (proliferation marker) in the pathological diagnosis of EAML and distinction from classical AML. Method:  Immunohistochemical reactions for Ki-67 were generated on multiple representative blocks of tissue obtained from two cases of HMB-45 positive EAML and four cases of classic AML and the percentage of positively staining cells estimated. Results:  Both cases of EAML were strongly positive for Ki-67 while all four classic AML were completely negative. Conclusion:  The Ki67 is a useful marker in which distinguishes the malignant epithelioid variant of AML from classic AML.     

误诊为肾细胞癌的肾错构瘤临床分析(附5例报告)

目的：分析肾错构瘤(Hamartoma of kidney,HK)的影像学误诊原因,探讨如何避免其误诊。方法：回顾性分析35例HK及其5例误诊为肾细胞癌(RCC)的临床表现及影像学特点。结果：影像学误诊为肾癌5例。B超、CT、MRI和选择性肾动脉造影等检查上有相应的表现。结论：只根据影像学所见可发生误诊,应结合临床表现并综合分析各种影像学检查结果,可提高HK的术前诊断率。     

Variants of renal angiomyolipoma closely simulating renal cell carcinoma: difficulties in the histological diagnosis

Renal angiomyolipoma is considered to be a benign renal tumor composed of atypical blood vessels, smooth muscles and fat cells. We report 2 cases of unilateral renal angiomyolipoma. In both cases, our preoperative diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, because no low density area compatible with fat tissue was noted in the tumors on radiographic evaluation. Through histological examination, both tumors proved to be angiomyolipomas mainly composed of epithelioid cells in 1 case, and spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells mimicking a leiomyoma in the other case. Both patients are well showing no evidence of metastases 16 and 14 months after nephrectomy, respectively.     

Successful treatment with sirolimus for an angiomyolipoma mimicking renal cell carcinoma in a transplanted kidney

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign mesenchymal tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue. AMLs in the kidney allografts are rare. We report a case of AML that was incidentally found 1 year after transplantation. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 4‐cm renal tumor with contrast enhancement and an early washout pattern, resembling a renal cell carcinoma. Tumor biopsy proved a lipid‐poor AML. Tumor diameter decreased to 2.4 cm after 6 months of treatment with sirolimus. Sirolimus not only reduces tumor size, but also benefits a transplant patient who needs immunosuppression.