比较肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮乙醇注射与联合冷循环微波刀治疗原发性肝癌的疗效

目的比较肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合经皮乙醇注射（PEI）与TACE联合冷循环微波刀术（PMCT）治疗原发性肝癌的效果。 方法150例患者接受TACE联合PEI,160例患者接受TACE联合PMCT治疗。术后4周复查动态增强CT,观察疗效。 结果TACE+PEI或TACE+PMCT后1个月,肿瘤一次消融率分别为70.00%和87.67%,TACE+PMCT组的疗效要优于TACE+PEI组（P<0.05）。 结论TACE+PMCT是原发性肝癌的有效治疗方法,是单纯TACE疗效不佳者的理想选择。     

螺旋CT对微波凝固治疗肝细胞癌的疗效评价

目的 研究微波凝固治疗肝细胞癌后的螺旋CT表现，评价CT征象与疗效之间的关系。方法 分析经超声引导下行微波凝固治疗的原发性肝细胞癌病人22例、共26个病灶的螺旋CT征象。结果 21个病灶肝动、门脉双期病灶内和边缘部均未见强化。7个病灶肝动脉期病灶周围的肝组织见斑片状轻度至明显的强化。5个病灶肝动脉期病灶内或病灶边缘部见结节样强化。结论 螺旋CT的双期增强扫描可以准确地判断超声引导下微波凝固治疗肝细胞癌的治疗效果，当双期扫描病灶内无强化时，说明病灶无肿瘤残留；当动脉期病灶周围肝组织出现斑片状轻度至明显强化时，属于微波凝固治疗后的正常反应；当动脉期病灶内或病灶边缘部出现结节样强化时，说明病灶内肿瘤有残留复发。     

Dynamic CT of hepatic abscesses: significance of transient segmental enhancement

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dynamic CT findings of hepatic abscesses, especially segmental hepatic enhancement, and to clarify the cause. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four abscesses in eight patients were examined by early (30 sec) and late phase (90 sec) dynamic CT. Patients underwent abscess drainage (n = 1), hepatic resection (n = 2), or antibiotic therapy (n = 5). CT during arterial portography and CT during hepatic arteriography were performed in one patient. We retrospectively observed the frequency and changes of segmental hepatic enhancement on dynamic CT and determined its cause using radiologic and pathologic correlation. RESULTS: Sixteen abscesses (67%) showed transient segmental hepatic enhancement and three abscesses showed only segmental hepatic enhancement in the early phase. Four abscesses in one patient who underwent CT during arterial portography and CT during hepatic arteriography showed a segmental perfusion defect on CT during arterial portography and segmental enhancement on CT during hepatic arteriography. On follow-up dynamic CT performed 10-17 days after the initial CT, segmental hepatic enhancement surrounding hepatic abscesses decreased or disappeared in all abscesses. Pathologic examination of two patients showed marked inflammatory cell infiltration with stenosis of portal venules within the portal tracts surrounding hepatic abscesses without definite inflammation in the liver parenchyma. CONCLUSION: Segmental hepatic enhancement on dynamic CT is frequently associated with hepatic abscesses and may be caused by decreased portal flow resulting from inflammation of the portal tracts.     

TACE联合局部热疗治疗肝癌并肝动脉门静脉瘘的短期疗效观察

目的观察肝动脉化学性栓塞（TACE）联合经皮局部热疗治疗肝癌合并肝动脉门静脉瘘（HAPS）的近期治疗效果。资料与方法对25例肝癌合并HAPS患者,先行肝动脉明胶海绵颗粒或弹簧圈堵塞瘘口及供血动脉,必要时加用碘油栓塞,3d后再行经皮穿刺微波凝固治疗（PMCT）或射频消融（PRFA）治疗,术后2个月行CT或MR增强、DSA检查,观察瘘口闭塞、肿瘤坏死及临床症状好转等情况。结果25例27个病灶DSA造影发现43处HAPS,其中中央型21处,周围型22处,经明胶海绵颗粒及弹簧圈栓塞后瘘口及供血动脉完全闭塞。18个病灶进行了PM—CT治疗,9个病灶进行了PRFA治疗。2个月DSA复查,17处HAPS再通（中央型12处,周围型5处）。CT或MR增强扫描示6个病灶完全坏死,19个病灶坏死面积〉50％;8个病灶缩小50％以上,10个病灶缩小25％～50％。所有病例无严重并发症发生,术后腹胀、腹泻及腹水等门脉高压相关症状明显减轻或消失。结论TACE联合经皮局部热疗可以有效地治疗肝癌合并HAPS。     

Dynamic CT of acute cholangitis: early inhomogeneous enhancement of the liver

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the dynamic CT findings of acute cholangitis, especially early inhomogeneous enhancement of hepatic parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inhomogeneous enhancement of hepatic parenchyma was retrospectively evaluated on dynamic CT in 406 consecutive patients without irregular fatty liver or multiple hepatic tumors. Dynamic CT scans were obtained 30 sec (early phase) and 90 sec (late phase) after starting the contrast material injection. Thirteen patients were diagnosed as having acute cholangitis (cholangitis group), and the remaining 393 patients were classified as the control group. The frequency of inhomogeneous enhancement was compared between these two groups. In nine of the 13 patients in the cholangitis group, we also evaluated changes in inhomogeneous enhancement on follow-up dynamic CT scans obtained after the patients had undergone treatment for acute cholangitis. RESULTS: In the cholangitis group, 11 (85%) of 13 patients showed nodular, patchy, wedge-shaped, or geographic inhomogeneous enhancement throughout the liver in the early phase on dynamic CT. In the control group, 19 (5%) of 393 patients also showed inhomogeneous enhancement in the early phase on dynamic CT. The frequency of inhomogeneous enhancement was significantly higher in the cholangitis group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Follow-up dynamic CT performed after treatment for acute cholangitis showed decreased inhomogeneous enhancement or no inhomogeneous enhancement in seven (78%) of nine patients in the cholangitis group. CONCLUSION: Inhomogeneous enhancement in the early phase on dynamic CT is frequently seen in patients with acute cholangitis; this finding usually disappears after treatment.     

动态增强螺旋CT对原发性肝癌合并动脉-门静脉分流的诊断--与 DSA 对照研究

目的 探讨原发性肝癌（HCC）合并肝动脉-门静脉分流（APS）的螺旋CT动态增强特征及其与DSA的相关性,评价螺旋CT在判断APS的程度及其价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析32例HCC合并APS的螺旋CT动态增强和DSA结果．两者的间隔时间在2周以内。以DSA为标准,对照分析螺旋CT动态增强在判断APS的程度以及APS的CT特征。结果 32例HCC合并APS患者,APS在CT表现为肝动脉期门静脉早显22例,一过性肝实质强化（TOPE）18例,两者都出现8例。CT诊断轻度APS12例,中度6例,重度14例;而DSA诊断轻度、中度、重度APS分别为13、5、14例。CT诊断重度APS结果与DSA完全相符,但有1例中度APS在CT上被低估为轻度APS,有2例轻度APS在CT上被高估为中度APS。APS的分流程度与HCC病理类型无显著性差异,但与门静脉受侵或癌栓形成有显著性差异。结论 螺旋CT双期动态增强不但可以发现HCC合并APS,而且可以进一步判断分流的程度。APS的分流程度与门静脉受侵和癌栓形成相关。     

Experimental clonorchiasis in dogs: CT findings before and after treatment

PURPOSE: To determine whether disease activity in clonorchiasis can be assessed with dynamic computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten dogs infected with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis underwent serial dynamic CT examinations. Five dogs were sacrificed 14 weeks after infection, and another five infected dogs were treated with praziquantel at the 14th week and continued to undergo CT examinations until death or sacrifice at the 25th (n = 1) or 40th week (n = 4). CT images were evaluated for dilatation of the bile ducts, contrast enhancement of bile duct walls and adjacent hepatic parenchyma, visualization of flukes within the bile ducts, and presence of calcifications. Changes in CT findings were analyzed statistically by using a mixed linear model and a generalized estimating equations model. RESULTS: Dilatation of the bile ducts, contrast enhancement of the ductal walls, transient hepatic attenuation differences, and flukes per se were observed at CT from the 2nd through the 5th week, were most apparent between the 5th and 13th weeks, and disappeared or decreased markedly in degree after treatment in all dogs (P <.05). Nodular calcifications were observed at CT after treatment in two dogs. Histopathologic examination revealed proliferation and enlargement of arteries in the periductal area and the portal tracts and congestion of hepatic sinusoids during the acute phase. Treatment was associated with periductal hyalinization, degeneration of the periductal arteries, and calcification of the ductal epithelium. CONCLUSION: Disease activity in experimental canine clonorchiasis can be assessed with dynamic CT.     

肝细胞癌合并近端肝动脉-门静脉分流的多层螺旋CT诊断及临床意义

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)合并近端肝动脉-门静脉分流(arterioportal shunt，APS)的多层螺旋CT动态增强表现、形成机制，并与肝动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)比较，评价多层螺旋CT在诊断近端APS中的作用及临床价值。方法 168例HCC患者分别进行了肝脏多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描和DSA检查，间隔时间为3～15d。其中，巨块型37例，结节型102例，弥漫型29例。以DSA诊断近端APS为标准，对照分析多层螺旋CT诊断近端APS的能力及近端APS的CT表现特征。近端APS的诊断不包括肝段或亚段的外周APS。结果 168例HCC患者，42例(25．0％)DSA证实为合并近端APS，此42例均在CT增强动脉期发现与近端APS相关的阳性征象；另外，CT还发现6例假阳性患者，其中2例门静脉显影密度低于主动脉增强密度。CT诊断近端APS的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性和阴性预测值分别为100．0％、95．2％、96．4％、87．5％和100．0％.42例近端APS患者中，CT与DSA显示APS范围(门静脉主干、左右支、肠系膜上静脉、脾静脉及胃冠状静脉显影)相符的患者有35例(83．3％)，对门静脉主干及左右支显影的符合率达90．5％。CT上近端APS的直接征象表现为肝动脉期门静脉主干和(或)左右支提早显影，其门静脉显影密度接近于主动脉增强密度，有38例。间接征象表现为肝动脉期肿瘤所在肝叶的非癌变肝实质提早强化，有4例。结论 多层螺旋CT诊断近端APS的准确性可与DSA相比。经血管路径为HCC形成近端APS的主要发生机制。螺旋CT近端APS的诊断对指导肝癌的治疗具有重要意义.     

肝癌动门脉分流动态增强CT和DSA对照分析

目的:探讨肝癌动门脉分流(APS)的CT和DSA表现,评价CT和DSA诊断不同类型APS的价值。方法:回顾性分析27例肝癌APS患者的动态增强CT和DSA资料。将APS分为中央型、周围型和弥漫型,分析3种类型APS的3期动态增强CT和DSA表现。结果:APS的基本影像学表现是在动脉期门静脉系统提前强化和相应供血区的肝组织明显强化。27例中CT共检出APS39个,其中中央型11个、周围型18个、弥漫型10个;DSA检出APS51个,其中中央型11个、周围型30个、弥漫型10个。在周围型APS诊断上,CT不及DSA(P<0.05),但两者均存在不足。结论:APS具有特征性的CT和DSA表现。CT和DSA可以准确地评价中央型和弥漫型APS,但评价周围型APS时存在不足。     

Effect of electrocardiogram triggering on reproducibility of coronary artery calcium scoring

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of arterioportal shunt associated with hepatic hemangiomas, describe the two-phase spiral computed tomographic (CT) findings, and correlate the presence of arterioportal shunt with the size and rapidity of enhancement of hemangiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 109 hepatic hemangiomas in 69 patients who underwent two-phase spiral CT during 1 year. CT scans were obtained during the hepatic arterial (30-second delay) and portal venous (65-second delay) phases after injection of 120 mL of contrast material (3 mL/sec). Arterioportal shunts were diagnosed when hepatic arterial phase CT scans showed a wedge-shaped or irregularly shaped homogeneous enhancement in the liver parenchyma adjacent to the tumor and when portal venous phase CT scans showed isoattenuation or slight hyperattenuation, compared with normal liver in that area, and when there was no demonstrable cause of these attenuation differences. The presence of arterioportal shunt in hemangioma was correlated with the size of the tumor and the rapidity of intratumoral enhancement. RESULTS: Arterioportal shunt was found in 28 (25.7%) of 109 hemangiomas. There was no statistically significant relationship between lesion size and presence of the arterioportal shunt (P =.653). Arterioportal shunt was more frequently found in hemangiomas with rapid enhancement (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Arterioportal shunts are not uncommonly seen in hepatic hemangiomas at two-phase spiral CT. Hemangiomas with arterioportal shunts tend to show rapid enhancement.     

肝细胞癌肝动脉-门静脉分流的多层螺旋CT表现及在介入治疗中的意义

目的探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)肝动脉—门静脉分流(APS)的多层螺旋CT动态增强表现、形成机制及相关介入治疗方案的选择。资料与方法回顾性分析56例经肝动脉造影证实为合并APS HCC患者的肝脏螺旋CT动态增强表现，并与其肝动脉造影表现进行对比。同时随机选择同期肝动脉造影证实无APS的56例作为对照。结果经肝动脉造影证实为合并APS的56例HCC患者中，46例在CT增强动脉期发现与APS相关的阳性征象。CT像亡，动脉期APS的直接征象有：(1)门静脉主干和正常肝的门静脉分支提早显影25例；其中24例肝动脉造影证实为高流量性APS。(2)肿瘤同侧肝叶的门静脉分支提早显影5例；其肝动脉造影证实为低流量性APS。动脉期APS的间接征象有：(1)肿瘤所在肝叶或肝段的非癌变肝实质提早强化8例；其中6例肝动脉造影证实为低流量性APS。(2)肿瘤外周出现楔形或不规则的强化区8例；肝动脉造影证实为小流量性APS。10例CT阴性者，其肝动脉造影均表现为动脉期外周门静脉小支显影。对照组，2例肝动脉期出现门静脉较大分支显影。结论HCC APS的形成与多种因素有关。多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描有利于诊断APS及判断APS分流量大小。高流量性APS应及时行肝动脉拴塞术，以减轻因APS所致的门静脉高压性的上消化道出血、腹水、腹泻等消化道症状。     

Computed tomography appearance of high-dose-irradiated hepatic parenchyma surrounding small tumors after stereotactic radiotherapy

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the computed tomography (CT) appearance of high-dose-irradiated hepatic parenchyma surrounding small tumors after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients were enrolled between September 1999 and August 2001. We treated 15 lesions [six hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and nine liver metastases] with SRT using a linear accelerator. We used two SRT protocols of 45 Gy/3 fractions or 60 Gy/8 fractions. Hepatic CT examinations were performed at 3- to 4-month intervals after SRT. RESULTS: We classified the appearance of high-dose-irradiated hepatic parenchyma on CT into three types: Type 1: eight lesions (53.3%) showed low attenuation areas on non-contrast CT and high attenuation areas on contrast CT; Type 2: five lesions (33.3%) showed low attenuation areas on non-contrast and contrast CT; Type 3: two lesions (13.3%) showed no change. The CT appearance of Type 1 after SRT was similar to that of pre-irradiated HCC, but the other types were easily differentiated from the primary tumors. These changes were observed and continued for 6 to 22 months after treatment. In two cases of Type 1, we performed histological examinations of the regions of high attenuation on contrast CT. These specimens revealed only radiation-induced hepatic injury. CONCLUSION: This study showed three types of CT appearance in high-dose-irradiated hepatic parenchyma. We suggest that other examinations be considered to distinguish between radiation hepatitis and local recurrences for HCC after SRT.     

Nontumorous hepatic arterial-portal venous shunts: MR imaging findings

PURPOSE: To determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of small nontumorous hepatic arterial-portal venous (arterioportal) shunts in the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images in 25 patients with 38 small nontumorous arterioportal shunts verified with surgery or follow-up imaging were included in this study. The causes of arterioportal shunts were iatrogenic causes in 11 patients and/or cirrhotic changes in the remaining patients. Nonenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images and multiphase contrast material-enhanced dynamic images were retrospectively reviewed and compared with conventional hepatic arteriograms to determine the MR characteristics related to the focal hemodynamic changes. RESULTS: On arterial-dominant-phase dynamic MR images, 29 (76%) of the 38 arteriographically suggested nontumorous arterioportal shunts displayed abnormal findings distinguished against the surrounding hepatic parenchyma, including wedge-shaped (n = 14), nodular (n = 9), or irregularly outlined (n = 6) areas of focal contrast enhancement. The signal intensity on nonenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images of the corresponding areas appeared unremarkable except for three wedge-shaped high-signal-intensity areas (three [8%] of 38) on T2-weighted images accompanied by prolonged contrast enhancement. Most (24 [83%] of 29) areas of abnormal signal intensity were located at the periphery of the liver parenchyma. CONCLUSION: A small nontumorous arterioportal shunt should be considered one of the causes of focal parenchymal hyperperfusion abnormalities on contrast-enhanced dynamic MR images of the liver in the absence of abnormal signal intensity on static MR images.     

超顺磁性氧化铁在肝脏局灶性病变中的定性研究

目的 探讨超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）增强MRI在肝脏局灶性病变的定性能力。材料与方法 43例怀疑肝占位者经常规MRI和Gd-DTPA增强后1－7后,行SPIO增强检查。其中31例经手术病理证实,12例经随访、实验室生化检查及临床资料证实。分析平扫MRI及SPIO增强后病灶的信号变化,并与Gd-DTPA动态增强结果相对照。结果 43例共12种病变、单发病灶21例,多病灶22例。包括原发性肝细胞肝癌22例,血管瘤5例,囊肿4例,转移性肝癌5例,肝硬化结节4例,局灶性结节增生（FNH）5例,其他病变6例。22例多发病灶中有8例合并1或2种病变。SPIO增强后,肝细胞肝癌T1WI为等或略高信号,T2WI为较高信号;血管瘤T1WI为较高信号,T2WI信号同平扫为高信号;囊肿T1WI、T2WI信号无改变;肝硬化结节T2WI为等信号同正常肝实质;FNH T2WI信号明显下降。其余病变的诊断SPIO增强不具有特征性,须与Gd-DTPA动态增强相结合。结论 SPIO具有一定的定性能力Gd-DTPA增强相结合,可帮助提高肝局灶性病变诊断和鉴别诊断的准确性。     

Bile duct injuries leading to portal vein obliteration after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the liver: CT findings and initial observations.

PURPOSE: To document the computed tomographic (CT) findings of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)-induced, localized bile duct injuries leading to portal vein branch obliteration in the liver and to elucidate the clinical implications with retrospective review of the authors' experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Follow-up CT scans obtained in 11 patients with TACE-induced intrahepatic bile duct dilatation were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate serial changes in the adjacent portal vein branches and hepatic parenchyma. Clinical data, including time between TACE and CT and serum alkaline phosphatase levels, also were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 11 patients with marked (n = 8) or mild (n = 3), lobar (n = 4) or segmental (n = 7) bile duct dilatation with or without bile collection in the tissue sheaths of the Glisson capsule or hepatic parenchyma, nine (82%) had bile duct changes at the first CT follow-up, within 1 month after TACE. Marked narrowing or obliteration of the adjacent intrahepatic portal vein branches in 10 (91%) patients resulted in progressive atrophy of the corresponding hepatic parenchyma in nine (82%) at variable times after TACE. The serum alkaline phosphatase level increased to more than 200 U/L in eight (89%) of nine patients 1 month after TACE. CONCLUSION: TACE-induced intrahepatic bile duct injury resulting in obliteration of the adjacent portal vein branch seems to be one cause of hepatic parenchymal atrophic changes after TACE.     

浆膜型肝结核的CT表现

目的:探讨浆膜型肝结核的CT表现及诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的8例浆膜型肝结核CT表现,所有病例均行CT平扫及增强检查.结果:本组浆膜型肝结核8例中,6例单发,2例多发,共10个病灶.CT表现为肝包膜区梭形或多发结节性低密度灶,增强扫描后病灶呈环形强化8个,蜂窝状或多环状强化2个;10个病灶中明显强化3个,轻至中度强化7个;病灶边缘或中央见点状或条状钙化3个.累及邻近肝实质2例;伴有少量腹水及后腹膜淋巴结轻度肿大1例.结论:浆膜型肝结核的CT表现有一定的特征,当病灶内发现斑点状或条状钙化或病灶呈多环状强化时结合临床表现及实验室检查可作出提示性诊断.     

Arterioportal shunt: prevalence in small hemangiomas versus that in hepatocellular carcinomas 3 cm or smaller at two-phase helical CT

PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of arterioportal (AP) shunting associated with (a) small (< or =3 cm) hemangiomas and (b) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (< or =3 cm) at two-phase helical computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-phase helical liver CT was performed in 107 patients (61 men, 46 women; age range, 25-73 years; mean, 48.6 years) with 169 small hemangiomas and in 384 patients (292 men, 92 women; age range, 18-82 years; mean, 58.3 years) with 598 HCCs 3 cm or smaller. Diagnosis of HCC was verified with histologic findings (n = 30) or typical imaging and clinical findings (n = 568); that of all hemangiomas was verified with typical imaging and clinical findings. Three radiologists retrospectively reviewed all CT images in consensus. Contrast material-enhanced CT scans were obtained during the hepatic arterial and portal venous phases. AP shunt was considered to be present when wedge-shaped or irregularly shaped homogeneous enhancement peripheral to tumor appeared at hepatic arterial phase CT and isoattenuation or slight hyperattenuation in that area appeared at portal phase CT. The prevalence of AP shunting associated with hemangiomas and that associated with HCCs were compared with multivariate model testing. Speed of lesion enhancement (rapid enhancement, when extent of intratumoral enhancement at hepatic arterial phase CT was >50%; slow enhancement, when extent of intratumoral enhancement was < or =50%) and presence of AP shunt were correlated with chi2 or Fisher exact testing. RESULTS: AP shunts were more frequently found in hemangiomas (36 lesions [21.3%]) than in HCCs (25 lesions [4.2%]) (P <.001). Twenty-four (38%) of the 64 hemangiomas with rapid enhancement had AP shunts, whereas only 12 (11.4%) of the 105 hemangiomas with slow enhancement had AP shunts (P <.001). There was no significant difference between prevalence of AP shunt in the 573 HCCs with rapid enhancement (24 lesions, 4.2%) and that in the 25 HCCs with slow enhancement (one lesion, 4.0%). CONCLUSION: AP shunts were more frequently seen at two-phase helical CT in small hepatic hemangiomas than in HCCs and thus represent a suggestive but not specific finding of hemangioma. Small hemangiomas with AP shunts tend to show rapid rather than slow enhancement.     

AFP检测与CT 增强扫描在评价肝癌复发中的相关性研究

目的：探讨甲胎蛋白（AFP）检测与CT增强扫描在评价肝癌治疗后复发的相关性,为判断肝癌治疗后是否复发寻找依据。方法102例肝癌治疗后复发患者,治疗后1．5～2月做AFP检测与CT增强扫描,分析其对肝癌复发判断的敏感性,及二者的相关性。其中行MR强化23例、PET‐CT 8例、肝动脉造影检查3例,一并进行分析。结果102例肝癌治疗后复发患者均于术后1．5～2月间做血液AFP检测和CT 增强扫描,AFP下降但是未降至正常或较前升高82例,AFP检测敏感性为80．39％（82／102）;CT强化扫描,病灶局部异常强化81例,敏感性为79．41％（81／102）;MR强化23例、PET‐CT 8例、肝动脉造影检查3例,敏感性分别为82．61％、87．5％、100％。结论 AFP检测与CT增强扫描均可评价肝癌治疗后是否复发,A FP检测更敏感,具有方便快捷的优势,应该作为首选的判定肝癌治疗后复发的依据,结合CT增强扫描可提高判断的准确性。     

肝脏特异性磁共振对比剂——菲立磁的临床应用初探

目的 探讨菲立磁增强MRI检查对肝脏疾病的临床应用价值。材料与方法 对22例经CT或MRI检查确定或怀疑有肝病变者进一步行菲立磁增强MRI检查,分别测量增强前后肝脏、病变及背景噪声的T2WI信号强度（SI）,计算增强前后肝脏及病变的信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）。结果 增强后肝脏的SI、SNR明显降低（P＜0．01）;恶性病变的SI、SNR变化不明显（P＞0．05）。囊肿、血管瘤增强后T2WI SI下降不明显。增强后病变－肝脏CNR比增强前明显增高（P＜0．01）。增强后0．5小时与3小时相比肝脏SNR以及CNR无差异（P＞0．05）。增强后病变的检出数量增加,而且其边界、大小显示更清楚。结论 菲立磁增强磁共振扫描可显著降低肝脏T2WI SI,而对恶性肿瘤T2WI信号的影响不明显,显著提高了恶性肿瘤－肝脏的CNR。因此,它对恶性肿瘤的检出及定性诊断具有临床意义。     

多层动态增强MRI技术对肝血管瘤诊断的评价

目的:研究射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术(RFFAST)的动态增强及延迟增强扫描MRI对肝血管瘤的诊断价值。方法:34例肝血管瘤患者行常规MRT1WI和T2WI横断面扫描。经肘静脉团注GdDTPA0.1mmol/kg,后推入10ml生理盐水冲洗(推入时间5～6s),再行射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术T1WI动态增强扫描及延迟增强扫描,分析病灶及邻近肝实质增强。结果:共发现肝血管瘤病灶67个,T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈高信号;动态增强显示46个病灶呈边缘不连续的结节样强化,21个病灶呈周边不规则强化或迅速强化充填;5个病灶动态增强早期见引流静脉较早强化,14个瘤周肝实质强化。结论:磁共振成像检查中,射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术T1WI动态增强扫描能够显示肝血管瘤及邻近实质强化方式,与其他成像序列结合更有利于肝血管瘤的诊断。