二尖瓣手术后重度三尖瓣反流患者的临床特征及治疗

目的 总结二尖瓣手术后重度三尖瓣反流(TR)的临床特征及治疗体会,以提高对该类患者的治疗效果.方法 30例重度TR患者,其中男1例,女29例;年龄32～65岁(47.1±9.2岁),窦性心律2例,心房颤动28例.第一次手术时:轻度TR 13例,中度TR 10例,重度TR 7例;5例在第一次手术时接受三尖瓣De Vega成形术,2例患者在第1次手术时接受三尖瓣Kay成形术.患者主要临床表现:腹胀28例(93.3%,28/30),下肢水肿20例(66.7%、20/30),活动后心悸17例(56.7%、17/30),腹水6例(20%、6/30).结果 9例患者接受了第二次手术,其中三尖瓣置换术6例,二尖瓣、三尖瓣置换术2例,三尖瓣Kay成形术1例.9例患者中8例术后康复出院,1例因术后右心房切口出血和低心排血量死亡.21例患者目前仍继续保守治疗.随访期间失访1例.结论 对二尖瓣手术后重度TR患者的治疗应根据患者具体的临床特征考虑手术或保守治疗,手术方式的选择亦应根据患者三尖瓣的具体情况及手术者的经验考虑三尖瓣成形术或三尖瓣置换术.     

Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation in Patients Undergoing Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis

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Valve Surgery in Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital valve disease (CVD) occurs in isolated form or as part of complex malformations and presents distinct epidemiology, including: young age at onset; high prevalence of associated pathology; history of prior operations; critical clinical presentation. Therefore, multiple interventions are often needed, highlighting the palliative character of CVD surgery. At the same time, long‐term survival and satisfactory quality of life expectations must be satisfied in a young, active patient population. The present study analyzes the unique aspects of surgery for CVD by reviewing clinical experience with 565 consecutive patients operated during a 7‐year period. Treatment options and outcome are assessed with reference to the ability of respecting the unique demands of patients with CVD. In addition, future developments of CVD management are discussed.     

Single-Leaflet Aortic Valve Reconstruction Utilizing the Ozaki Technique in Patients With Congenital Aortic Valve Disease

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全保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构在重症二尖瓣关闭不全患者二尖瓣置换术中的应用

目的探讨全保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构在重症二尖瓣关闭不全患者二尖瓣置换术中的应用经验,评价其临床效果。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2013年1月在广东省人民医院心血管外科因重症二尖瓣关闭不全行全保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术17例患者的临床资料,其中男14例,女3例;年龄38~82（63.41±11.82）岁;合并心房颤动13例;术前纽约心脏学会（NYHA）心功能分级Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级12例;缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全7例,退行性二尖瓣关闭不全9例,风湿性二尖瓣关闭不全1例。结果所有患者均行全保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术,同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术4例;其中生物瓣11例,机械瓣6例。全组患者住院期间无死亡,均顺利出院,住院期间未并发低心排血量综合征,无左心室破裂。17例患者均随访,随访时间2~25（16.44±5.02）个月。随访期间1例患者因术后2个月发生二尖瓣重度瓣周漏死亡。其余患者人工二尖瓣功能良好,无抗凝和瓣膜引起的并发症,心功能较术前明显改善,心功能NYHA分级恢复至Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例。术后早期及随访期间心胸比率、左心房内径、左心室舒张期末内径及收缩期末内径与术前相比均明显减小。而术后早期左心室射血分数（LVEF）与术前相比有所降低[（50.94%±8.78%）vs.（55.31%±10.44%）,P=0.04],术前LVEF与随访期间的差异无统计学意义[（55.31%±10.44%）vs.（56.13%±9.67%）,P=0.73],随访期间LVEF与术后早期相比显著增加[（56.13%±9.67%）vs.（50.94%±8.78%）,P=0.02]。术后早期与随访期间人工二尖瓣压力减半时间（PHT）差异无统计学意义[（95.06±19.00）ms vs.（94.56±19.19）ms,P=0.91]。结论全保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构在重症二尖瓣关闭不全患者二尖瓣置换术中应用安全有效,可以改善左心室重构及术后心功能。     

Quality of Life Among Patients With Congenital Heart Disease After Valve Replacement

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Bioprosthetic Pulmonary Valve Dysfunction in Congenital Heart Disease

BackgroundWe aim to identify the incidence and timing of dysfunction and failure of stented bioprosthetic valves in the pulmonary position in congenital heart disease patients.MethodsA total of 482 congenital heart disease patients underwent 484 stented bioprosthetic pulmonary valve implantations between 2008 and 2018. There were 164 porcine valves (Porcine) and 320 bovine pericardial valves (Pericardial) implanted. Primary endpoints were survival, valve dysfunction, and valve failure.ResultsPericardial valves were implanted in older patients (22.0, interquartile range [IQR] 14-33 vs 16.0, IQR 11-23 years, P < 0.001). Five-year survival (96.7% vs 97.9%) for the Pericardial and Porcine groups, respectively, were similar, P > 0.05. Forty-six (34%) Porcine and 75 (27%) Pericardial group patients met criteria for valve dysfunction at a median echocardiographic follow-up time of 7.43 years (IQR 4.1-9.5 years) and 3.26 years (IQR 1.7-4.7 years), respectively. More Pericardial group patients suffered from at least mild late PR while late median peak gradient was higher in the Porcine group, P < .001 for both. Risk factors for valve dysfunction included decreasing patient age for the entire cohort (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.04, P = .015) and lack of anticoagulation at discharge for the Porcine group (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.03-9.10, P = .044) but not the Pericardial group. Five-year cumulative incidence of dysfunction was 39% for the Pericardial group and 17% for the Porcine group.ConclusionsPorcine stented and bovine pericardial stented valves can be implanted in the pulmonary position in all age groups safely. However, despite similar rates of valve failure, bovine pericardial stented valves have a higher incidence of valve dysfunction at mid-term follow-up.     

急诊外科手术治疗危重心瓣膜病192例

目的总结危重心瓣膜病患者行急诊手术的临床经验,以提高其疗效和治愈率。方法自1996年10月至2007年11月对192例危重心瓣膜病患者施行了急诊手术。所有患者均为心瓣膜病合并严重心力衰竭,心功能分级（NYHA）为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。经内科治疗2～7d无效时采取急诊手术治疗;行二尖瓣置换术76例次,主动脉瓣置换术64例次,双瓣膜置换术43例次,三尖瓣置换术4例次,三尖瓣成形术45例次,左心房血栓清除和左心房减容术各5例次,冠状动脉旁路移植术5例次,其他心血管手术9例次。结果术中和术后早期分别死亡3例和8例,总手术死亡率为5．7％（11／192）,主要死亡原因为术中不能脱离体外循环机、术后发生低心排血量综合征和突发心室颤动等。随访168例,随访时间1个月～11年,失访13例。随访期间死亡8例,主要死于左心衰竭、瓣周漏或心内膜炎复发、尿毒症、夹层动脉瘤等。长期生存160例,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级132例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级13例;生活质量较术前有所提高。结论危重心瓣膜病患者经内科治疗无效时急诊手术具有良好的疗效,是较好的治疗选择。     

Edwards MC3成形环行三尖瓣成形术治疗中至重度三尖瓣反流

目的探讨EdwardsMC3成形环在三尖瓣中、重度关闭不全患者中行三尖瓣成形术的近、中期效果,总结临床经验。方法 2004年6月至2007年12月我科收治心脏病(包括风湿性心瓣膜病、房间隔缺损、Ebstein畸形)伴中、重度三尖瓣关闭不全患者55例,其中男28例,女27例;年龄28～78岁,平均年龄50.50岁;三尖瓣中度反流22例,重度反流33例。根据手术方式不同将55例患者分为3组:DeVega成形组(DeVega组):18例,行DeVega成形术;硬质Carpentier成形环成形组(Carpentier组):12例,用硬质Carpentier成形环行三尖瓣成形术;EdwardsMC3成形环成形组(MC3组):25例,用EdwardsMC3成形环行三尖瓣成形术。术后比较3组的手术疗效,对所有患者均进行随访,在不同的时间采用彩色超声心动图观察术后三尖瓣的反流情况。结果术后3组患者均无手术死亡;随访55例,随访时间0.5～4.0年。术后心功能分级均较术前改善2～3级;术后3个月、1年和3年超声心动图检查提示:MC3组三尖瓣反流明显少于其他两组(P0.05);与DeVega组和Carpentier组比较,MC3组患者三尖瓣反流的复发率明显降低(P0.05)。结论应用EdwardsMC3成形环行三尖瓣成形术,其近、中期效果优于DeVega成形术和硬质Carpentier三尖瓣成形术,但其远期效果还有待进一步随访观察。     

风湿性心脏病人工瓣膜置换术后再发重度三尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的　评价风湿性心瓣膜病患者人工瓣膜置换术后三尖瓣重度关闭不全的外科处理效果。　方法　对11例风湿性人工瓣膜置换术后三尖瓣严重关闭不全患者行三尖瓣成形术和三尖瓣置换术 ;首次手术二尖瓣置换术 5例 ,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣置换术 6例 ,在首次手术中均曾行三尖瓣成形术 ,其中 8例为 Kay法 ,3例为 De Vega法。再次手术在中低温体外循环下进行 ,对不需处理三尖瓣以外心内病变者 ,选择右侧前外侧切口 ,其余选择胸骨正中切口。行三尖瓣成形术 6例 ;三尖瓣置换术 5例 ,其中 3例为机械瓣 ,2例为生物瓣 ,术后对有肾功能不全者行腹膜透析和床旁血液透析。　结果　术后肾功能不全 6例 ,肝功能不全 5例 ,肺功能不全 3例 ,7例患者治愈出院 ;术后死亡 4例。　结论　对人工瓣膜置换术后再发严重三尖瓣关闭不全者 ,外科手术是一种合适的选择。