高血压性脑出血患者血肿周围组织基质金属蛋白酶-9和细胞间黏附分子-1的表达及意义

目的 探讨脑出血后血肿周围组织基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达与脑水肿的关系.方法 ①解剖39例脑出血后不同时间死亡患者的脑组织,自出血灶边缘向外1～3 cm及出血灶对侧相应部位的脑组织进行取材,出血灶对侧设为对照组.②采用HE染色、免疫组织化学技术观察不同时间点出血灶周围MMP-9与ICAM-1在脑组织中的表达和变化规律,实验结果应用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学分析.结果 ①脑出血2 h后出血灶周围血管内皮细胞即有MMP-9的表达[(1.2±0.8)个/高倍视野],5～10 h后血肿周围MMP-9阳性微血管数明显增高[(4.1±0.8)个/高倍视野],45～48 h达到高峰[(10.6±1.4)个/高倍视野],96～120 h后逐渐减弱[(5.0±1.1)个/高倍视野],与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),360～408 h接近零表达.对照组没有MMP-9表达.②脑出血后2 h出血灶周围血管和神经细胞即有ICAM-1的表达[(2.1±0.3)个/高倍视野],17～24 h血肿周围ICAM-1阳性微血管数开始明显增加[(6.0±1.1)个/高倍视野],72 h达到高峰[(11.1±0.9)个/高倍视野],168～312 h后逐渐减弱[(4.1±0.6)个/高倍视野],仍高于对照组(P＜0.05).此外,对侧脑实质内可见少量阳性神经细胞及ICAM-1阳性微血管.③MMP-9和ICAM-1之间有明显的相关性.结论 脑出血后出血灶周围MMP-9及ICAM-1的表达增加,对脑出血后脑水肿的形成可能有促进作用;MMP-9与ICAM-1之间可能有协同作用.     

人脑出血后血肿周围组织HO-1、GFAP和cyclinD1的表达研究

目的探讨脑出血后血肿周围组织血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和细胞周期蛋白D1(cvclinD1)表达规律,及其与神经修复之间的关系。方法 HE染色观察脑出血后神经元和星形胶质细胞形态变化,免疫组织化学染色检测脑出血后不同时间点血肿周围组织H0-1、GFAP和cycIinD1表达水平。结果脑出血后2h星形胶质细胞胞质内即开始表达HO-1[(5.30±1.00)个/高倍视野]、GFAP[(22.60±1.40)个/高倍视野]和cvclinD1[(11.50±1.20)个/高倍视野],达峰值水平后逐渐下降,脑出血后不同时间点表达水平均高于健侧正常脑组织,且差异具有统计学意义(均P=0.000)。结论人脑出血后血肿周围组织HO-1、GFAP和cvclinD1表达变化呈"抛物线"样,HO-1和cvclinD1共同参与了脑出血后星形胶质细胞的增生与活化,以及脑出血后的继发性损伤和修复。     

人脑出血后血肿周围组织HO-1、GFAP和cyclinD1的表达研究

目的探讨脑出血后血肿周围组织血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和细胞周期蛋白D1（cvclinD1）表达规律,及其与神经修复之间的关系。方法HE染色观察脑出血后神经元和星形胶质细胞形态变化,免疫组织化学染色检测脑出血后不同时间点血肿周固组织HO-1、GFAP和cvclinD1表达水平。结果脑出血后2h星形胶质细胞胞质内即开始表达HO-1[（5．30±1．00、）个,高倍视野]、GFAP[（22．60±1．40）个／高倍视野]和cyclinD1[（11．50±1．20）个,高倍视野],达峰值水平后逐渐下降,脑出血后不同时间点表达水平均高于健侧正常脑组织．且差异具有统计学意义（均P=0.000）。结论人脑出血后血肿周围组织HO-1、GFAP和cvclinD1表达变化呈“抛物线”样,HO-1和evclinD1共同参与了脑出血后星形胶质细胞的增生与活化,以及脑出血后的继发性损伤和修复。     

Survivin和GFAP在大鼠脑出血后的表达及作用

目的 探讨生存素(Survivin)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在大鼠脑出血后出血灶周围区的表达及作用.方法 健康雄性Wistar大鼠70只,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组63只,采用白体血制作基底节脑出 血模型,分别在术后3h、12h、1d、2d、3d、5d、7d、14d和28d处死动物.对照组7只,采用相同方法注入等量生理盐水.HE染色观察组织病理变化,免疫组织化学方法检测Survivin和GFAP蛋白的表达,并对其进行定性和定量分析.结果 脑出血组:Survivin在12h即有明显增高,1d达高峰,2d后表达迅速下降,3d降至最低水平,至5d、7d表达义有升高,其增高与3d相比有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；GFAP的表达随出血时间的延长而增加,2d明显增高,7d达高峰.对照组:Survivin没有明显的表达；GFAP表达少量.结论 Survivin和GFAP在脑出血后出血灶周围区,以不同的方式参与损伤的修复.     

细胞周期抑制剂对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后胶质细胞增殖和瘢痕形成的影响及对神经元的保护作用

目的 观察选择性细胞周期抑制剂olomoucine对胶质细胞增殖和瘢痕形成及神经元凋亡的影响.方法 建立光化学法诱导大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,随机分为假手术组、对照组和干预组,采用MRI显示梗死灶并计算其梗死灶体积;应用免疫荧光化学法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达及通过TUNEL方法检测神经元凋亡;免疫印迹法观察光照侧皮质GFAP、增殖细胞核抗原(proliferation cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)、周期素蛋白A和周期素蛋白B1蛋白的表达.结果 缺血后3、7、30 d对照组(5.10%±0.35%,4.60%±0.26%,3.96%±0.28%)梗死灶体积占全脑体积百分比值的平均值明显大于干预组(2.27%±0.28%,1.87%±0.19%,1.08%±0.18%,P＜0.05);缺血后各时间点组GFAP表达明显增强,对照组明显强于干预组,并且7、30 d对照组梗死灶周边可见明显的胶质瘢痕形成,以30 d最为显著;缺血后3 d梗死灶周围可见大量TUNEL阳性染色细胞,对照组[(41±11)个/高倍视野]数量明显多于干预组[(26±8)个/高倍视野,P＜0.05];干预组大鼠(22.44%±2.17%)NeuN+TUNEL双标阳性表达明显弱于对照组大鼠(34.41%±3.10%,P＜0.05);3、7、30 d的GFAP、PCNA、周期素蛋白A和周期素蛋白B1蛋白量表达,对照组明显高于干预组.结论 通过对细胞周期的调控,可部分抑制胶质细胞的活化增殖及瘢痕形成,同时减小脑梗死体积及减少神经元凋亡.     

星形胶质细胞在脑出血后脑水肿中作用的研究

目的　观察星形细胞在脑出血急性期周围脑组织中的作用。方法　获取 30例脑出血患者出血灶周围脑组织标本 ,根据脑出血时间分为三组 ,超早期 (<8小时 ) ,8例 :早期 (8～ 4 8小时 ) ,16例 ;延期(>4 8小时 ) ,6例。应用胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP)进行免疫组织化学染色 ,观察其表达程度。结果　随着脑出血后时间的延长 ,GFAP染色灰度值越低 ,说明星形细胞增生越明显。结论　星形胶质细胞参与脑水肿的病理过程 ,并对组织修复可能具有重要作用。     

高血压脑出血血肿周围脑组织缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达及意义

目的研究高血压脑出血患者血肿周围脑组织缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达及其与继发性神经元损伤的关系。方法选择行血肿清除术的脑出血患者32例,选取手术过程中获得的血肿周围脑组织,采用免疫组织化学技术、HE染色及TUNEL染色方法检测缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达及凋亡细胞的变化。结果出血4h,血肿周围脑组织即可见散在缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的神经元[(2.8±0.8)个/高倍视野],24~48h时达到高峰[(12.5±3.9)个/高倍视野],49~72h高表达持续存在[(12.2±1.8)个/高倍视野];出血4h可见神经元细胞及血管内皮细胞肿胀,出血12h可检测到明显的凋亡细胞[阳性细胞数为(11.2±4.1)个/高倍视野],24~48h凋亡细胞明显增多[(29.7±8.4)个/高倍视野],49~72h达到高峰[(33.2±4.3)个/高倍视野]。缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达与凋亡细胞呈正相关性(r=0.788,t=7.02,P<0.01)。结论脑出血后血肿周围神经元发生一系列形态学变化,其演变规律与缺氧诱导因子-1α的表达有密切相关性。     

脑出血后星形胶质细胞表达运铁蛋白LCN2

目的 探讨脑出血时脑内LCN2表达情况.方法 雄性SD大鼠基底节区注射自体动脉血(100μl).对照组大鼠术式相同注射等量生理盐水.Western blot(以β-actin比值矫正)和免疫组化方法分析脑LCN2表达.结果 LCN2阳性细胞只在脑出血同侧基底节区表达(对侧不表达),对照组出血同侧LCN2表达极微弱.Western blotting定量发现在出血侧基底节区,出血后1、3、7d LCN2蛋白水平显著升高,14d后下降.脑出血3d时出血侧LCN2蛋白水平较对侧高71倍(2.70 ±0.46 vs 0.04 ±0.01,P＜0.001),较对照组高84倍(0.92 ±0.14 vs0.01 ±0.01,P＜0.001).LCN2阳性细胞形态似为星形胶质细胞,免疫组化双染证实LCN2与胶质细胞标志物GFAP共定位.结论 本研究提示脑出血后释放的铁离子诱导载铁蛋白LCN2表达.LCN2在血肿清除铁转运过程中可能起重要作用.     

脑出血患者血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白含量的动态变化及其临床意义

目的 研究脑出血患者血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白含量的动态变化及其临床意义.方法 采用ELISA测定33例脑出血患者发病后24h内、3d、7d、15d及30名健康人(正常对照组)血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白含量,分析脑出血患者胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平动态变化与神经系统功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)、血肿体积和血肿周围水肿(perihematomal edema, PE)体积及预后之间的关系.结果 脑出血患者发病后各时间点血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平显著高于正常对照组(均P<0.05),发病后3d到达高峰.大量出血组血浆GFAP含量(15.48±3.54)ng/L明显高于少量出血组(5.82±2.73)ng/L(P<0.01).血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白含量与NIHSS、血肿体积、PE体积呈正相关,与预后呈负相关(均P<0.01).结论 脑出血患者血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平明显增高,并与脑出血患者的病情严重程度呈正相关,与预后呈负相关.提示胶质纤维酸性蛋白可作为反映脑出血患者病情及判断预后的指标.     

实验性大鼠脑出血血肿周围组织胶质细胞纤维酸性蛋白的动态表达

目的:动态观察胶质细胞纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在脑出血动物模型脑组织中的表达及其意义。方法应用脑立体定向技术,建立大鼠脑出血模型,假手术作为对照组。分别测定脑组织含水量,观察血肿周围GFAP的表达规律。结果:大鼠脑出血后脑水肿于48h达到高峰,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑出血后脑内GFAP阳性细胞数6h表达最强,在72h时表达最少,7d的阳性细胞数量比72h增加(P<0.05),但数量少于6h(P<0.05)。相应时间点出血组阳性细胞数与对照组比较,有明显统计学意义,(P<0.05)。结论:脑出血后脑内GFAP的表达与脑水肿相关,提示星形胶质细胞在脑出血的病理变化过程中有重要作用。星形胶质细胞在损伤的修复作用具有二重性,即可以抑制也可以促进损伤修复。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

Sudanophilic lipid accumulation in astrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia in monkeys

Summary Sudanophilic lipid accumulation is a characteristic feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of infants. At least two types of lipid-containing cells have been identified, one being the macrophage, the other the pre-myelin glial cell. A third type of lipid-containing cell has been seen in two monkeys with spontaneous PVL. Electron microscopically this cell appears to be an astrocyte. This probably represents a reaction of the astrocyte to hypoxia and may be the equivalent of the hypertrophic astrocytes found in human infants.Supported in part by NIH grant HDO 8633 and the Regional Primate Research Center Grant RR-00166